Today’s Schedule – 05/03/10• 28.1: Demands for Civil Rights• Unit 9 Work (checked in class)– Standards of Learning Rewrite, 28.1 Vocab and Timeline

• HW:– Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court Case

Analysis – DUE FRIDAY– 28.2 Vocab and Timeline – DUE TOMORROW– Email Ms. Hayden Website Address – DUE WEDNESDAY

• Warm-Up: What is your opinion on the use of boycotts as a political tool?

Rise of African American Influence• After WW II campaign for African American rights

began to escalate for several reasons:• 1. African American Migration– Movement North after the Civil War– African Americans moved into prominent jobs• Could influence politics

• 2. The New Deal– African Americans were courted by

Roosevelt and his fellow Democrats to support the New Deal legislation

• 3. WW II– Increase in labor demands opened more

jobs up to African Americans in the North– Horrors of the Holocaust slowly began to

open people’s eyes to racism and discrimination in the U.S.

• 4. Rise of the NAACP– Built an outstanding legal team that

included Thurgood Marshall to chip away at Plessy v. Ferguson

Brown v. Board of Education

• 1951 Oliver Brown sued the Topeka, Kansas Board of Education to allow his daughter to attend a white only school much closer to his home than the black only school she attended

• Marshall represented Brown at the Supreme Court hearing of the case

• Supreme Court ruled – That “separate but equal” could not be applied to

public school education as it conveyed to black student a sense of inferiority

– School boards should move quickly towards desegregate schools

Response to Brown v. Board of Education• Mixed reactions– African Americans rejoiced– Many whites accepted the decision even if they did not

entirely support it (including President Eisenhower)– Many Southerners reacted with fear and anger• Increase in KKK activities• “Southern Manifesto”

– Congressional statement that asserted the decision violated state’s rights

Resistance in Little Rock, Arkansas• Governor of Arkansas refused to follow the decision

of the Supreme Court• Posted National Guard troops to prevent nine

African American students from entering the school

• Eisenhower responded by placing the National Guard under federal command

• Also sent soldiers to Arkansas to protect the students

Little Rock Video

Montgomery Bus Boycott• In December of 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama

Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white man when demanded to by the bus driver– Was arrested on grounds of violation segregation laws

• Women’s Political Council decided that all African Americans should avoid use of the bus system until they changed their segregation laws

• Martin Luther King, Jr. became the spokesperson for the boycott

“There comes a time my friends when people get tired of being plunged across the abyss of humiliation…We had no alternative but to protest. For many years, we have shown amazing patience. We have sometimes given our white brothers the feeling that we liked the way we were being treated. But we come here tonight to be saved from that patience that makes us patient with anything less than freedom and justice.”

• African Americans boycotted the Montgomery buses for over a year

• In 1956 the Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation was unconstitutional