Today’s Agenda Wedding Cakes and Funnels~ Categories of Crime Criminal Acts—specific types...
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Transcript of Today’s Agenda Wedding Cakes and Funnels~ Categories of Crime Criminal Acts—specific types...
Today’s Agenda
Wedding Cakes and Funnels~
Categories of Crime
Criminal Acts—specific types
Formative Assessment
Wedding Cake Model
What is the “Wedding Cake Model”?
Breaks crimes into 3 layers (size/occurrence): – Misdemeanors
< 1 year in jail
– “Ordinary” felonies> 1 year in jail
– “High profile” felonies– Celebrated cases
Wedding Cake Model
1. Frequency (Bottom to top)
2. Media Attention (top to bottom)
3. Likelihood to go to trial (top to bottom)
Criminal Justice “Funnel”
Explains the concept of case attrition
Case Attrition– At each stage, the # of people in the
system shrinks
1. Arrested > Charged
2. Charged > Convicted
3. Convicted > Sentenced
4. Probation > Prison
Criminal Justice “Funnel”
200 crimes committed– 100 arrests
100 arrests– 70 to prosecutor
70 to prosecutor– 38 convictions
38 convictions– 14 probation, 12 jail, 12 prison
Not all crimes are reported.
30% are juvenile
10 dismissed by judge
35 plead guilty (5 go to trial)
2 acquitted
Criminal JusticeCrime Typology
What is Crime?
A wrong against society proclaimed by law and, if committed under certain circumstances, punishable by society.
DEFINABLE
PUNISHABLE
SIX Categories of Crime
Violent
Property
Public Order
High-Tech
Organized
White-Collar
How does society determine what IS a crime?
Consensus Modelbasic agreement about norms and valuespeople of diverse backgrounds can share an idea about what is “right” and what is “wrong”Conflict ModelBelieve moral attitudes are not absolutediffering segments of society (age, race, gender, social class) are engaged in a struggle for controlvictorious group codifies their values into law.
Violent Crimes
Crimes against persons– Murder– Assault/battery– Rape– Robbery– Can be further classified by degree.
Property Crimes
Goal is economic gain or destruction of property– Larceny/theft– Burglary– Arson
Public Order Crimes
Closely linked to consensus model
often referred to as “victimless crimes” (include early puritanical laws).– Prostitution– Gambling– Illicit drug use
White-Collar Crimes
Broadly defined
Committed by non-violent means to obtain personal or business advantage– Embezzlement– Fraud– Tax Evasion
Organized Crime
Businesses that are operating illegitimately
Usually involves conspiratorial relationships
Often accomplished through use of violence or coercion.
High-Tech Crime
“Cybercrimes”
Greatest increase in commission and investigation
If Completed Correctly
Violent Crimes
Property Crimes
Public Order Crimes
White-Collar Crimes
Organized Crimes
High-Tech Crimes
6
6
9
5
2
2
What is the structure of the Criminal Justice System?
FEDERALISM
Local, State, and Federal enforcement
Court system– 51 Court systems in the USA
Corrections system– Prisons– Jails– Probation
Two Assignments
1. Complete formative assessmenta. Categorizing Crimesb. Crime Control vs. Due Process
NO BOOKS/NO NOTES
2. Complete writing response (prompt displayed on screen)Both due by end of hourUse remaining time to prepare for tomorrow’s quiz
Crime Classifications
Arson– Property
Assault– Violent
Battery– Violent
Bribery– White-Collar
Burglary– Property
Business Crimes– White-Collar
Classified by degrees– Violent**
Closely linked to consensus model– Public-Order
Crimes against persons– Violent
Victimless Crimes– Public-Order
Cyber Crimes– High-Tech
Embezzlement– White-Collar
Gambling– Public-Order
Crime Classifications
Hacking– High-Tech
Illicit Drug Use– Public-Order
Often not prosecuted– Public-Order
Insurance Fraud– White-Collar
Larceny– Property
Most common– Property
Murder– Violent
Newest typology– High-Tech
Conspiratorial Relationships– Organized
Operates Illegitimately– Organized
Pick-Pocketing– Property
Crime Classifications
Piracy– High-Tech
Prostitution– Public-Order
Public Drunkenness– Public-Order
Rape– Violent
Robbery– Violent
Sexual Assault– Violent
Shoplifting– Property
Tax Evasion– White-Collar
Theft– Property