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Our Standard Today

W.6 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities. (C, E, G)

W.7 Explain the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy including the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in England. (E, G, H)

W.8 Write an informative piece analyzing the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism and Communism, Adam Smith, Robert Owen, and Karl Marx. (C, E, H, P)

Our Objective

Industrial Revolution 1750-1914

We will analyze the emergence and effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.

Cities begin to Form

http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm

Production begins to grow

Industrial Revolution, 1700 - 1900

The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, spreads to other countries, and has a strong impact on economics, politics, and society.

Why Industrial Revolution Began in England (mid 1700s)

Industrialization—move to machine production of goods

Britain has natural resources—coal, iron, rivers, harbors

Britain has all needed factors of production—land, labor, capital

Britain has political stability

Inventions Spur Industrialization

Changes in the Textile IndustryWeavers work faster with flying shuttles and spinning jennies

Water frame, power loom, speed production

Factories—buildings that contain machinery for manufacturing

Improvements in Transportation

James Watt’s Steam EngineNeed for cheap, convenient power spurs development of steam engine

Watt is #25 on Millennium List

Water TransportationRobert Fulton builds first steamboat; England’s water transport improved by canals

The Railway Age Begins

Steam-Driven Locomotives1804, first steam-driven locomotive1825, first railroad line

Railroads Revolutionize Life in BritainRailroads spur industrial growth, create jobs

Cheaper transportation boosts many industries; people move to cities

George Stephenson's Rocket locomotive. Photograph, 19th century.

Industrialization Case Study: Manchester

Factories pay more than farms, spur demand for more expensive goods

Urbanization—city-building and movement of people to cities

Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river

Sickness widespread in urban slums; lack sanitary and building codes

Working Conditions

Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week

Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers

Many coal miners killed by coal dust

Children as young as 6 work in factories; many are injured

The job of this young "tipple boy" was to unload coal cars by tipping them over. Photograph. West Virginia, Lewis Hine.

Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Immediate BenefitsCreates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress

Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve

Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions

Long-Term EffectsImproved living and working conditions still evident today

Governments use increased tax revenues for urban improvements

The industrialization that begins in Great Britain spreads to other parts of the world.

Industrialization in the United StatesBegins in early 19th century but picks up post-Civil War. U.S. has natural and labor resources needed to industrialize

Troubles in Continental EuropeRevolution and Napoleonic wars disrupted early 19th-century economy

Eventually, Belgium, Germany, Northern Italy, and France industrialize

The Impact of Industrialization

Rise of Global InequalityWealth gap widens; non-industrialized countries fall further behind

European nations, U.S., Japan exploit colonies for resources

Imperialism spreads due to need for raw materials, markets

Transformation of SocietyEurope and U.S. gain economic power African and Asian economies lag, based on agriculture and crafts.

Rise of middle class strengthens democracy, calls for social reform

Charles Dickens: From Poor House to MansionCharles Dickens’s childhood experience as a factory worker influenced his writing and helped bring about reform during the Industrial Revolution.

The Industrial Revolution leads to economic, social, and political reforms

The Philosophers of Industrialization

Laissez faire—economic policy of not interfering with businesses

Originates with Enlightenment economic philosophers

Adam Smith—defender of free markets, author of The Wealth of Nations

Believes economic liberty guarantees economic progress

Economic natural laws—self-interest, competition, supply and demand

Mercantilism vs Free Market 1500-1776

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bouw3MvmrYM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUco5NSAiRI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCRNI04tnN8\

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhWgDVS-AdA

The Economists of Capitalism

Thomas Malthus & David Ricardo boost laissez-faire capitalism

Capitalism—system of privately owned businesses seeking profits

The Rise of Socialism

UtilitarianismJeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism—judge things by their usefulness

John Stuart Mill favors regulation to help workers, spread wealth

SocialismSocialism—factors of production owned by, operated for the people

Socialists think government control can end poverty, bring equality

Marxism: Radical Socialism

Karl Marx—German journalist proposes a radical Socialism

Friedrich Engels—German whose father owns a Manchester textile mill

The Communist ManifestoMarx and Engels believe society is divided into warring classes

Capitalism helps “haves,” the employers known as the bourgeoisie

Hurts “have-nots,” the workers known as the Proletariat. Marx, Engels predict the workers will overthrow the owners

The Future According to MarxMarx believes that capitalism will eventually destroy itself

Inequality would cause workers to revolt, seize factories and mills

Communism—society where people own, share the means of production

Marx’s ideas later take root in Russia, China, Cuba

Video Time

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SWZEawf8ag

The “Industrial” Revolution Today

Smaller, More Powerful ComputersComputer components miniaturized due partly to space program

Computers can fit in hands, instead of needing a whole room

Computers now commonplace in factories, offices, vehicles, homes

Bill Gates, #41 on Millennium List

Communications Network

Internet—linkage of computer networks spanning the world

Internet use soars from 26 to 600 million people from 1995–2002

Internet greatly affects business, speeding up flow of information

Technology Revolutionizes the World’s Economy

Advances in IndustryProgress in science leads to new industries

Technological advances change industrial processes

Production costs are lower; quality and speed of production increase

Information Industries Change EconomiesNew technologies reduce need for factory workers

Using computers, information industries enjoy great growth

The Effects of New Economies

Post-war boom benefits many nations; causes shifts in economic bases

Developed nations—nations with advanced business infrastructures

Emerging nations—nations in the process of becoming industrialized

Manufacturing moves to emerging nations with cheap, eager labor

Information industries multiply in developed nations

FYI: In August 2010, after three decades of spectacular growth, China passed Japan to become the world’s second-largest economy behind the United States.

Experts say unseating Japan—and in recent years passing Germany, France and Great Britain—underscores China’s growing clout and bolsters forecasts that China will pass the United States as the world’s biggest economy as early as 2030. America’s gross domestic product (GDP) was $14 trillion in 2009.

Video Time

Your Generation versus My Generation

Our Standard Today

W.6 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities. (C, E, G)

W.7 Explain the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy including the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in England. (E, G, H)

W.8 Write an informative piece analyzing the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism and Communism, Adam Smith, Robert Owen, and Karl Marx. (C, E, H, P)

Our Objective

Industrial Revolution 1750-1914

We will analyze the emergence and effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.