Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s...
Transcript of Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s...
![Page 1: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016
• Bragg & Laue geometries
• Kinematical approach for many layers
• Dynamical diffraction theory
• Characteristics of the Darwin curve
• Asymmetric reflections
• Dumond diagrams
• Monochromators
Homework Assignment #05:Chapter 5: 1, 3, 7, 9, 10due Wednesday, November 02, 2016
Friday, October 28 APS visit is cancelled!
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 1 / 20
![Page 2: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016
• Bragg & Laue geometries
• Kinematical approach for many layers
• Dynamical diffraction theory
• Characteristics of the Darwin curve
• Asymmetric reflections
• Dumond diagrams
• Monochromators
Homework Assignment #05:Chapter 5: 1, 3, 7, 9, 10due Wednesday, November 02, 2016
Friday, October 28 APS visit is cancelled!
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 1 / 20
![Page 3: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016
• Bragg & Laue geometries
• Kinematical approach for many layers
• Dynamical diffraction theory
• Characteristics of the Darwin curve
• Asymmetric reflections
• Dumond diagrams
• Monochromators
Homework Assignment #05:Chapter 5: 1, 3, 7, 9, 10due Wednesday, November 02, 2016
Friday, October 28 APS visit is cancelled!
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 1 / 20
![Page 4: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016
• Bragg & Laue geometries
• Kinematical approach for many layers
• Dynamical diffraction theory
• Characteristics of the Darwin curve
• Asymmetric reflections
• Dumond diagrams
• Monochromators
Homework Assignment #05:Chapter 5: 1, 3, 7, 9, 10due Wednesday, November 02, 2016
Friday, October 28 APS visit is cancelled!
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 1 / 20
![Page 5: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016
• Bragg & Laue geometries
• Kinematical approach for many layers
• Dynamical diffraction theory
• Characteristics of the Darwin curve
• Asymmetric reflections
• Dumond diagrams
• Monochromators
Homework Assignment #05:Chapter 5: 1, 3, 7, 9, 10due Wednesday, November 02, 2016
Friday, October 28 APS visit is cancelled!
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 1 / 20
![Page 6: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016
• Bragg & Laue geometries
• Kinematical approach for many layers
• Dynamical diffraction theory
• Characteristics of the Darwin curve
• Asymmetric reflections
• Dumond diagrams
• Monochromators
Homework Assignment #05:Chapter 5: 1, 3, 7, 9, 10due Wednesday, November 02, 2016
Friday, October 28 APS visit is cancelled!
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 1 / 20
![Page 7: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016
• Bragg & Laue geometries
• Kinematical approach for many layers
• Dynamical diffraction theory
• Characteristics of the Darwin curve
• Asymmetric reflections
• Dumond diagrams
• Monochromators
Homework Assignment #05:Chapter 5: 1, 3, 7, 9, 10due Wednesday, November 02, 2016
Friday, October 28 APS visit is cancelled!
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 1 / 20
![Page 8: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016
• Bragg & Laue geometries
• Kinematical approach for many layers
• Dynamical diffraction theory
• Characteristics of the Darwin curve
• Asymmetric reflections
• Dumond diagrams
• Monochromators
Homework Assignment #05:Chapter 5: 1, 3, 7, 9, 10due Wednesday, November 02, 2016
Friday, October 28 APS visit is cancelled!
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 1 / 20
![Page 9: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016
• Bragg & Laue geometries
• Kinematical approach for many layers
• Dynamical diffraction theory
• Characteristics of the Darwin curve
• Asymmetric reflections
• Dumond diagrams
• Monochromators
Homework Assignment #05:Chapter 5: 1, 3, 7, 9, 10due Wednesday, November 02, 2016
Friday, October 28 APS visit is cancelled!
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 1 / 20
![Page 10: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Kinematical vs. dynamical diffraction
The kinematical approximation we have discussed so far applies to mosaiccrystals. The size of the crystal is small enough that the wave field of thex-rays does not vary appreciably over the crystal.
For a perfect crystal, such as those used in monochromators, things arevery different and we have to treat them specially using dynamicaldiffraction theory.
This theory takes into account multiple reflections, and attenuation of thex-ray beam as it propagates through the perfect crystal.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 2 / 20
![Page 11: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Kinematical vs. dynamical diffraction
The kinematical approximation we have discussed so far applies to mosaiccrystals. The size of the crystal is small enough that the wave field of thex-rays does not vary appreciably over the crystal.
For a perfect crystal, such as those used in monochromators, things arevery different and we have to treat them specially using dynamicaldiffraction theory.
This theory takes into account multiple reflections, and attenuation of thex-ray beam as it propagates through the perfect crystal.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 2 / 20
![Page 12: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Kinematical vs. dynamical diffraction
The kinematical approximation we have discussed so far applies to mosaiccrystals. The size of the crystal is small enough that the wave field of thex-rays does not vary appreciably over the crystal.
For a perfect crystal, such as those used in monochromators, things arevery different and we have to treat them specially using dynamicaldiffraction theory.
This theory takes into account multiple reflections, and attenuation of thex-ray beam as it propagates through the perfect crystal.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 2 / 20
![Page 13: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bragg & Laue geometries
Bragg
symmetric
asymmetric
Laue
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 3 / 20
![Page 14: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bragg & Laue geometriesBragg
symmetric
asymmetric
Laue
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 3 / 20
![Page 15: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Bragg & Laue geometriesBragg
symmetric
asymmetric
Laue
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 3 / 20
![Page 16: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bragg & Laue geometriesBragg
symmetric
asymmetric
Laue
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 3 / 20
![Page 17: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Bragg & Laue geometriesBragg
symmetric
asymmetric
Laue
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 3 / 20
![Page 18: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bragg & Laue geometriesBragg
symmetric
asymmetric
Laue
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 3 / 20
![Page 19: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Scattering geometry
Consider symmetric Bragg geometry
We expect the crystal to diffract in anenergy bandwidth defined by ∆k
This defines a spread of scattering vec-tors such that
ζ =∆Q
Q=
∆k
k
called the relative energy or wavelengthbandwidth
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 4 / 20
![Page 20: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Scattering geometry
Consider symmetric Bragg geometry
We expect the crystal to diffract in anenergy bandwidth defined by ∆k
This defines a spread of scattering vec-tors such that
ζ =∆Q
Q=
∆k
k
called the relative energy or wavelengthbandwidth
Q=mG
Q=mG(1+ζ)
k k
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 4 / 20
![Page 21: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Scattering geometry
Consider symmetric Bragg geometry
We expect the crystal to diffract in anenergy bandwidth defined by ∆k
This defines a spread of scattering vec-tors such that
ζ =∆Q
Q=
∆k
k
called the relative energy or wavelengthbandwidth
Q=mG
Q=mG(1+ζ)
k k
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 4 / 20
![Page 22: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Scattering geometry
Consider symmetric Bragg geometry
We expect the crystal to diffract in anenergy bandwidth defined by ∆k
This defines a spread of scattering vec-tors such that
ζ =∆Q
Q=
∆k
k
called the relative energy or wavelengthbandwidth
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 4 / 20
![Page 23: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
The Darwin approach treats a perfectcrystal as an infinite stack of atomicplanes.
Considering a single thin slab with elec-tron density ρ and thickness d � λ, thereflected and transmitted waves are
where
g =λr0ρd
sin θ
if the layer is made up of unit cells with
volume vc and structure factor FQ=0−−−→ Z ,
the electron density is ρ = |F |/vc andusing the Bragg condition, we can rewriteg as
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
g =[2d sin θ/m]r0(|F |/vc )d
sin θ=
1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 5 / 20
![Page 24: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
The Darwin approach treats a perfectcrystal as an infinite stack of atomicplanes.
Considering a single thin slab with elec-tron density ρ and thickness d � λ, thereflected and transmitted waves are
where
g =λr0ρd
sin θ
if the layer is made up of unit cells with
volume vc and structure factor FQ=0−−−→ Z ,
the electron density is ρ = |F |/vc andusing the Bragg condition, we can rewriteg as
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
g =[2d sin θ/m]r0(|F |/vc )d
sin θ=
1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 5 / 20
![Page 25: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
The Darwin approach treats a perfectcrystal as an infinite stack of atomicplanes.
Considering a single thin slab with elec-tron density ρ and thickness d � λ, thereflected and transmitted waves are
where
g =λr0ρd
sin θ
if the layer is made up of unit cells with
volume vc and structure factor FQ=0−−−→ Z ,
the electron density is ρ = |F |/vc andusing the Bragg condition, we can rewriteg as
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
g =[2d sin θ/m]r0(|F |/vc )d
sin θ=
1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 5 / 20
![Page 26: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
The Darwin approach treats a perfectcrystal as an infinite stack of atomicplanes.
Considering a single thin slab with elec-tron density ρ and thickness d � λ, thereflected and transmitted waves are
where
g =λr0ρd
sin θ
if the layer is made up of unit cells with
volume vc and structure factor FQ=0−−−→ Z ,
the electron density is ρ = |F |/vc andusing the Bragg condition, we can rewriteg as
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT
(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
g =[2d sin θ/m]r0(|F |/vc )d
sin θ=
1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 5 / 20
![Page 27: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
The Darwin approach treats a perfectcrystal as an infinite stack of atomicplanes.
Considering a single thin slab with elec-tron density ρ and thickness d � λ, thereflected and transmitted waves are
where
g =λr0ρd
sin θ
if the layer is made up of unit cells with
volume vc and structure factor FQ=0−−−→ Z ,
the electron density is ρ = |F |/vc andusing the Bragg condition, we can rewriteg as
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
g =[2d sin θ/m]r0(|F |/vc )d
sin θ=
1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 5 / 20
![Page 28: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
The Darwin approach treats a perfectcrystal as an infinite stack of atomicplanes.
Considering a single thin slab with elec-tron density ρ and thickness d � λ, thereflected and transmitted waves are
where
g =λr0ρd
sin θ
if the layer is made up of unit cells with
volume vc and structure factor FQ=0−−−→ Z ,
the electron density is ρ = |F |/vc andusing the Bragg condition, we can rewriteg as
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
g =[2d sin θ/m]r0(|F |/vc )d
sin θ=
1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 5 / 20
![Page 29: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
The Darwin approach treats a perfectcrystal as an infinite stack of atomicplanes.
Considering a single thin slab with elec-tron density ρ and thickness d � λ, thereflected and transmitted waves are
where
g =λr0ρd
sin θ
if the layer is made up of unit cells with
volume vc and structure factor FQ=0−−−→ Z ,
the electron density is ρ = |F |/vc andusing the Bragg condition, we can rewriteg as
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
g =[2d sin θ/m]r0(|F |/vc )d
sin θ=
1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 5 / 20
![Page 30: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
The Darwin approach treats a perfectcrystal as an infinite stack of atomicplanes.
Considering a single thin slab with elec-tron density ρ and thickness d � λ, thereflected and transmitted waves are
where
g =λr0ρd
sin θ
if the layer is made up of unit cells with
volume vc and structure factor FQ=0−−−→ Z ,
the electron density is ρ = |F |/vc andusing the Bragg condition, we can rewriteg as
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
g =[2d sin θ/m]r0(|F |/vc )d
sin θ
=1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 5 / 20
![Page 31: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
The Darwin approach treats a perfectcrystal as an infinite stack of atomicplanes.
Considering a single thin slab with elec-tron density ρ and thickness d � λ, thereflected and transmitted waves are
where
g =λr0ρd
sin θ
if the layer is made up of unit cells with
volume vc and structure factor FQ=0−−−→ Z ,
the electron density is ρ = |F |/vc andusing the Bragg condition, we can rewriteg as
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
g =[2d sin θ/m]r0(|F |/vc )d
sin θ=
1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 5 / 20
![Page 32: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
g =1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
since vc ∼ d3 then g ∼ r0/d ≈ 10−5
the transmitted beam depends on
g0 =λρat f
0(0)r0∆
sin θ
which can be rewritten
g0 =|F0||F |
g
where F0 is the forward scattering factorat Q = θ = 0
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 6 / 20
![Page 33: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
g =1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
since vc ∼ d3 then g ∼ r0/d ≈ 10−5
the transmitted beam depends on
g0 =λρat f
0(0)r0∆
sin θ
which can be rewritten
g0 =|F0||F |
g
where F0 is the forward scattering factorat Q = θ = 0
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 6 / 20
![Page 34: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
g =1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
since vc ∼ d3 then g ∼ r0/d ≈ 10−5
the transmitted beam depends on
g0 =λρat f
0(0)r0∆
sin θ
which can be rewritten
g0 =|F0||F |
g
where F0 is the forward scattering factorat Q = θ = 0
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 6 / 20
![Page 35: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
g =1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
since vc ∼ d3 then g ∼ r0/d ≈ 10−5
the transmitted beam depends on
g0 =λρat f
0(0)r0∆
sin θ
which can be rewritten
g0 =|F0||F |
g
where F0 is the forward scattering factorat Q = θ = 0
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 6 / 20
![Page 36: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Dynamical diffraction - Darwin approach
g =1
m
2d2r0vc|F |
since vc ∼ d3 then g ∼ r0/d ≈ 10−5
the transmitted beam depends on
g0 =λρat f
0(0)r0∆
sin θ
which can be rewritten
g0 =|F0||F |
g
where F0 is the forward scattering factorat Q = θ = 0
d
T S
θθ
S = −igT(1− ig0)T ≈ e−ig0T
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 6 / 20
![Page 37: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Kinematical Reflection
If we now extend this model to N layers we can use this kinematicalapproximation if Ng � 1.
Proceed by adding reflectivity from each layer with the usual phase factor
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e iQdje−ig0je−ig0j = −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ) where the x-rays pass through each layertwice
these N unit cell layers will give a recip-rocal lattice with points at multiples ofG = 2π/d we are interested in small de-viations from the Bragg condition:
ζ =∆Q
Q=
∆k
k=
∆EE
=∆λ
λ
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 7 / 20
![Page 38: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Kinematical Reflection
If we now extend this model to N layers we can use this kinematicalapproximation if Ng � 1.
Proceed by adding reflectivity from each layer with the usual phase factor
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e iQdje−ig0je−ig0j = −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ) where the x-rays pass through each layertwice
these N unit cell layers will give a recip-rocal lattice with points at multiples ofG = 2π/d we are interested in small de-viations from the Bragg condition:
ζ =∆Q
Q=
∆k
k=
∆EE
=∆λ
λ
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 7 / 20
![Page 39: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Kinematical Reflection
If we now extend this model to N layers we can use this kinematicalapproximation if Ng � 1.
Proceed by adding reflectivity from each layer with the usual phase factor
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e iQdje−ig0je−ig0j
= −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ) where the x-rays pass through each layertwice
these N unit cell layers will give a recip-rocal lattice with points at multiples ofG = 2π/d we are interested in small de-viations from the Bragg condition:
ζ =∆Q
Q=
∆k
k=
∆EE
=∆λ
λ
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 7 / 20
![Page 40: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Kinematical Reflection
If we now extend this model to N layers we can use this kinematicalapproximation if Ng � 1.
Proceed by adding reflectivity from each layer with the usual phase factor
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e iQdje−ig0je−ig0j
= −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ)
where the x-rays pass through each layertwice
these N unit cell layers will give a recip-rocal lattice with points at multiples ofG = 2π/d we are interested in small de-viations from the Bragg condition:
ζ =∆Q
Q=
∆k
k=
∆EE
=∆λ
λ
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 7 / 20
![Page 41: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Kinematical Reflection
If we now extend this model to N layers we can use this kinematicalapproximation if Ng � 1.
Proceed by adding reflectivity from each layer with the usual phase factor
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e iQdje−ig0je−ig0j = −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ)
where the x-rays pass through each layertwice
these N unit cell layers will give a recip-rocal lattice with points at multiples ofG = 2π/d we are interested in small de-viations from the Bragg condition:
ζ =∆Q
Q=
∆k
k=
∆EE
=∆λ
λ
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 7 / 20
![Page 42: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Kinematical Reflection
If we now extend this model to N layers we can use this kinematicalapproximation if Ng � 1.
Proceed by adding reflectivity from each layer with the usual phase factor
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e iQdje−ig0je−ig0j = −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ)
where the x-rays pass through each layertwice
these N unit cell layers will give a recip-rocal lattice with points at multiples ofG = 2π/d
we are interested in small de-viations from the Bragg condition:
ζ =∆Q
Q=
∆k
k=
∆EE
=∆λ
λ
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 7 / 20
![Page 43: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Kinematical Reflection
If we now extend this model to N layers we can use this kinematicalapproximation if Ng � 1.
Proceed by adding reflectivity from each layer with the usual phase factor
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e iQdje−ig0je−ig0j = −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ) where the x-rays pass through each layertwice
these N unit cell layers will give a recip-rocal lattice with points at multiples ofG = 2π/d we are interested in small de-viations from the Bragg condition:
ζ =∆Q
Q=
∆k
k=
∆EE
=∆λ
λ
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 7 / 20
![Page 44: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ)
The term in the phase factor now be-comes
Qd − 2g0 = mG (1 + ζ)2π
G− 2g0
= 2π(m + mζ − g0
π)
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(m+mζ−g0/π
= −igN−1∑j=0
e i2πmje i2π(mζ−g0/π)
= −igN−1∑j=0
1 · e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 8 / 20
![Page 45: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ)
The term in the phase factor now be-comes
Qd − 2g0
= mG (1 + ζ)2π
G− 2g0
= 2π(m + mζ − g0
π)
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(m+mζ−g0/π
= −igN−1∑j=0
e i2πmje i2π(mζ−g0/π)
= −igN−1∑j=0
1 · e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 8 / 20
![Page 46: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ)
The term in the phase factor now be-comes
Qd − 2g0 = mG (1 + ζ)2π
G− 2g0
= 2π(m + mζ − g0
π)
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(m+mζ−g0/π
= −igN−1∑j=0
e i2πmje i2π(mζ−g0/π)
= −igN−1∑j=0
1 · e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 8 / 20
![Page 47: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ)
The term in the phase factor now be-comes
Qd − 2g0 = mG (1 + ζ)2π
G− 2g0
= 2π(m + mζ − g0
π)
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(m+mζ−g0/π
= −igN−1∑j=0
e i2πmje i2π(mζ−g0/π)
= −igN−1∑j=0
1 · e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 8 / 20
![Page 48: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ)
The term in the phase factor now be-comes
Qd − 2g0 = mG (1 + ζ)2π
G− 2g0
= 2π(m + mζ − g0
π)
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(m+mζ−g0/π
= −igN−1∑j=0
e i2πmje i2π(mζ−g0/π)
= −igN−1∑j=0
1 · e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 8 / 20
![Page 49: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ)
The term in the phase factor now be-comes
Qd − 2g0 = mG (1 + ζ)2π
G− 2g0
= 2π(m + mζ − g0
π)
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(m+mζ−g0/π
= −igN−1∑j=0
e i2πmje i2π(mζ−g0/π)
= −igN−1∑j=0
1 · e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 8 / 20
![Page 50: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i(Qd−2g0)j
Q=mG
∆k
Q=mG(1+ζ)
The term in the phase factor now be-comes
Qd − 2g0 = mG (1 + ζ)2π
G− 2g0
= 2π(m + mζ − g0
π)
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(m+mζ−g0/π
= −igN−1∑j=0
e i2πmje i2π(mζ−g0/π)
= −igN−1∑j=0
1 · e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 8 / 20
![Page 51: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
This geometric series can besummed as usual
where
ζ0 =g0
π
=2d2|F0|πmvc
r0
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
|rN(ζ)| =
[sin(πN[mζ − ζ0])
sin(π[mζ − ζ0])
]|rN(ζ)|2 → g2
2(π[mζ − ζ0])2
This describes a shift of the Bragg peak away from the reciprocal latticepoint, the maximum being at ζ = ζ0/m
The kinematical approach now breaks down and we need to develop a newtheory for dynamical diffraction.
First, let’s explore how the intensity would vary using the kinematicalexpression
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 9 / 20
![Page 52: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
This geometric series can besummed as usual
where
ζ0 =g0
π
=2d2|F0|πmvc
r0
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
|rN(ζ)| =
[sin(πN[mζ − ζ0])
sin(π[mζ − ζ0])
]
|rN(ζ)|2 → g2
2(π[mζ − ζ0])2
This describes a shift of the Bragg peak away from the reciprocal latticepoint, the maximum being at ζ = ζ0/m
The kinematical approach now breaks down and we need to develop a newtheory for dynamical diffraction.
First, let’s explore how the intensity would vary using the kinematicalexpression
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 9 / 20
![Page 53: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
This geometric series can besummed as usual
where
ζ0 =g0
π
=2d2|F0|πmvc
r0
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
|rN(ζ)| =
[sin(πN[mζ − ζ0])
sin(π[mζ − ζ0])
]
|rN(ζ)|2 → g2
2(π[mζ − ζ0])2
This describes a shift of the Bragg peak away from the reciprocal latticepoint, the maximum being at ζ = ζ0/m
The kinematical approach now breaks down and we need to develop a newtheory for dynamical diffraction.
First, let’s explore how the intensity would vary using the kinematicalexpression
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 9 / 20
![Page 54: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
This geometric series can besummed as usual
where
ζ0 =g0
π
=2d2|F0|πmvc
r0
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
|rN(ζ)| =
[sin(πN[mζ − ζ0])
sin(π[mζ − ζ0])
]
|rN(ζ)|2 → g2
2(π[mζ − ζ0])2
This describes a shift of the Bragg peak away from the reciprocal latticepoint, the maximum being at ζ = ζ0/m
The kinematical approach now breaks down and we need to develop a newtheory for dynamical diffraction.
First, let’s explore how the intensity would vary using the kinematicalexpression
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 9 / 20
![Page 55: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
This geometric series can besummed as usual
where
ζ0 =g0
π
=2d2|F0|πmvc
r0
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
|rN(ζ)| =
[sin(πN[mζ − ζ0])
sin(π[mζ − ζ0])
]
|rN(ζ)|2 → g2
2(π[mζ − ζ0])2
This describes a shift of the Bragg peak away from the reciprocal latticepoint, the maximum being at ζ = ζ0/m
The kinematical approach now breaks down and we need to develop a newtheory for dynamical diffraction.
First, let’s explore how the intensity would vary using the kinematicalexpression
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 9 / 20
![Page 56: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
This geometric series can besummed as usual
where
ζ0 =g0
π
=2d2|F0|πmvc
r0
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
|rN(ζ)| =
[sin(πN[mζ − ζ0])
sin(π[mζ − ζ0])
]
|rN(ζ)|2 → g2
2(π[mζ − ζ0])2
This describes a shift of the Bragg peak away from the reciprocal latticepoint, the maximum being at ζ = ζ0/m
The kinematical approach now breaks down and we need to develop a newtheory for dynamical diffraction.
First, let’s explore how the intensity would vary using the kinematicalexpression
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 9 / 20
![Page 57: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
This geometric series can besummed as usual
where
ζ0 =g0
π
=2d2|F0|πmvc
r0
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
|rN(ζ)| =
[sin(πN[mζ − ζ0])
sin(π[mζ − ζ0])
]|rN(ζ)|2 → g2
2 sin2(π[mζ − ζ0])
This describes a shift of the Bragg peak away from the reciprocal latticepoint, the maximum being at ζ = ζ0/m
The kinematical approach now breaks down and we need to develop a newtheory for dynamical diffraction.
First, let’s explore how the intensity would vary using the kinematicalexpression
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 9 / 20
![Page 58: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Multiple Layer Reflection
This geometric series can besummed as usual
where
ζ0 =g0
π
=2d2|F0|πmvc
r0
rN(Q) = −igN−1∑j=0
e i2π(mζ−g0/π)
|rN(ζ)| =
[sin(πN[mζ − ζ0])
sin(π[mζ − ζ0])
]|rN(ζ)|2 → g2
2(π[mζ − ζ0])2
This describes a shift of the Bragg peak away from the reciprocal latticepoint, the maximum being at ζ = ζ0/m
The kinematical approach now breaks down and we need to develop a newtheory for dynamical diffraction.
First, let’s explore how the intensity would vary using the kinematicalexpression
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 9 / 20
![Page 59: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Diffraction in the kinematical limit
Recall that in thekinematical limit, thediffraction from manyatomic layers is givenby
|rN(ζ)|2 → g2
2(π[mζ − ζ0])2
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 10 / 20
![Page 60: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Diffraction in the kinematical limit
Recall that in thekinematical limit, thediffraction from manyatomic layers is givenby
|rN(ζ)|2 → g2
2(π[mζ − ζ0])2
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 10 / 20
![Page 61: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Diffraction in the kinematical limit
Recall that in thekinematical limit, thediffraction from manyatomic layers is givenby
|rN(ζ)|2 → g2
2(π[mζ − ζ0])2
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 10 / 20
![Page 62: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Difference equation review
Tj Sj
M
A’A
T ej+1-iϕ S ej+1
+iϕ
Tj+1 = e−ηe imπTj
Sj+1 = e−ηe imπSj
iη = ±√
(∆− g0)2 − g2
g =λr0ρd
sin θ, g0 =
|F0||F |
g
∆ = mπζ, ζ =∆λ
λ
Where g0 is the absorption due to a single atomic layer, g is the reflectioncoefficient from a single atomic layer, and ∆ is the small deviation fromthe Bragg condition of the phase angle φ = mπ + ∆.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 11 / 20
![Page 63: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Difference equation review
Tj Sj
M
A’A
T ej+1-iϕ S ej+1
+iϕ
Tj+1 = e−ηe imπTj
Sj+1 = e−ηe imπSj
iη = ±√
(∆− g0)2 − g2
g =λr0ρd
sin θ, g0 =
|F0||F |
g
∆ = mπζ, ζ =∆λ
λ
Where g0 is the absorption due to a single atomic layer, g is the reflectioncoefficient from a single atomic layer, and ∆ is the small deviation fromthe Bragg condition of the phase angle φ = mπ + ∆.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 11 / 20
![Page 64: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Difference equation review
Tj Sj
M
A’A
T ej+1-iϕ S ej+1
+iϕ
Tj+1 = e−ηe imπTj
Sj+1 = e−ηe imπSj
iη = ±√
(∆− g0)2 − g2
g =λr0ρd
sin θ, g0 =
|F0||F |
g
∆ = mπζ, ζ =∆λ
λ
Where g0 is the absorption due to a single atomic layer, g is the reflectioncoefficient from a single atomic layer, and ∆ is the small deviation fromthe Bragg condition of the phase angle φ = mπ + ∆.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 11 / 20
![Page 65: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Difference equation review
Tj Sj
M
A’A
T ej+1-iϕ S ej+1
+iϕ
Tj+1 = e−ηe imπTj
Sj+1 = e−ηe imπSj
iη = ±√
(∆− g0)2 − g2
g =λr0ρd
sin θ, g0 =
|F0||F |
g
∆ = mπζ, ζ =∆λ
λ
Where g0 is the absorption due to a single atomic layer, g is the reflectioncoefficient from a single atomic layer, and ∆ is the small deviation fromthe Bragg condition of the phase angle φ = mπ + ∆.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 11 / 20
![Page 66: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Difference equation review
Tj Sj
M
A’A
T ej+1-iϕ S ej+1
+iϕ
Tj+1 = e−ηe imπTj
Sj+1 = e−ηe imπSj
iη = ±√
(∆− g0)2 − g2
g =λr0ρd
sin θ, g0 =
|F0||F |
g
∆ = mπζ, ζ =∆λ
λ
Where g0 is the absorption due to a single atomic layer, g is the reflectioncoefficient from a single atomic layer, and ∆ is the small deviation fromthe Bragg condition of the phase angle φ = mπ + ∆.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 11 / 20
![Page 67: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Difference equation review
Tj Sj
M
A’A
T ej+1-iϕ S ej+1
+iϕ
Tj+1 = e−ηe imπTj
Sj+1 = e−ηe imπSj
iη = ±√
(∆− g0)2 − g2
g =λr0ρd
sin θ, g0 =
|F0||F |
g
∆ = mπζ, ζ =∆λ
λ
Where g0 is the absorption due to a single atomic layer, g is the reflectioncoefficient from a single atomic layer, and ∆ is the small deviation fromthe Bragg condition of the phase angle φ = mπ + ∆.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 11 / 20
![Page 68: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Reflectivity of a perfect crystal
In order to calculate the absolute reflectivity curve, solve for S0 and T0
using the solution and the recursive relations.
d
T0 S0
Tj Sj
Tj+1 Sj+1
j
j+1
S1 = e−ηe imπS0
S0 = −igT0 + (1− g0)S1eiφ
S0 = −igT0
+ (1− g0)S0e−ηe imπe imπe i∆
S0
[1− (1− g0)e−ηe i2mπe i∆
]= −igT0
S0
T0≈ −ig
1− (1− ig0)(1− η)(1 + i∆)≈ −ig
ig0 + η − i∆=
g
iη + (∆− g0)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 12 / 20
![Page 69: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Reflectivity of a perfect crystal
In order to calculate the absolute reflectivity curve, solve for S0 and T0
using the solution and the recursive relations.
d
T0 S0
Tj Sj
Tj+1 Sj+1
j
j+1
Sj+1 = e−ηe imπSj
Sj = −igTj + (1− g0)Sj+1eiφ
S0 = −igT0
+ (1− g0)S0e−ηe imπe imπe i∆
S0
[1− (1− g0)e−ηe i2mπe i∆
]= −igT0
S0
T0≈ −ig
1− (1− ig0)(1− η)(1 + i∆)≈ −ig
ig0 + η − i∆=
g
iη + (∆− g0)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 12 / 20
![Page 70: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Reflectivity of a perfect crystal
In order to calculate the absolute reflectivity curve, solve for S0 and T0
using the solution and the recursive relations.
d
T0 S0
Tj Sj
Tj+1 Sj+1
j
j+1
S1 = e−ηe imπS0
Sj = −igTj + (1− g0)Sj+1eiφ
S0 = −igT0
+ (1− g0)S0e−ηe imπe imπe i∆
S0
[1− (1− g0)e−ηe i2mπe i∆
]= −igT0
S0
T0≈ −ig
1− (1− ig0)(1− η)(1 + i∆)≈ −ig
ig0 + η − i∆=
g
iη + (∆− g0)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 12 / 20
![Page 71: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Reflectivity of a perfect crystal
In order to calculate the absolute reflectivity curve, solve for S0 and T0
using the solution and the recursive relations.
d
T0 S0
Tj Sj
Tj+1 Sj+1
j
j+1
S1 = e−ηe imπS0
S0 = −igT0 + (1− g0)S1eiφ
S0 = −igT0
+ (1− g0)S0e−ηe imπe imπe i∆
S0
[1− (1− g0)e−ηe i2mπe i∆
]= −igT0
S0
T0≈ −ig
1− (1− ig0)(1− η)(1 + i∆)≈ −ig
ig0 + η − i∆=
g
iη + (∆− g0)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 12 / 20
![Page 72: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Reflectivity of a perfect crystal
In order to calculate the absolute reflectivity curve, solve for S0 and T0
using the solution and the recursive relations.
d
T0 S0
Tj Sj
Tj+1 Sj+1
j
j+1
S1 = e−ηe imπS0
S0 = −igT0 + (1− g0)S1eiφ
S0 = −igT0
+ (1− g0)S0e−ηe imπe imπe i∆
S0
[1− (1− g0)e−ηe i2mπe i∆
]= −igT0
S0
T0≈ −ig
1− (1− ig0)(1− η)(1 + i∆)≈ −ig
ig0 + η − i∆=
g
iη + (∆− g0)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 12 / 20
![Page 73: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Reflectivity of a perfect crystal
In order to calculate the absolute reflectivity curve, solve for S0 and T0
using the solution and the recursive relations.
d
T0 S0
Tj Sj
Tj+1 Sj+1
j
j+1
S1 = e−ηe imπS0
S0 = −igT0 + (1− g0)S1eiφ
S0 = −igT0
+ (1− g0)S0e−ηe imπe imπe i∆
S0
[1− (1− g0)e−ηe i2mπe i∆
]= −igT0
S0
T0=
−ig1− (1− g0)e−ηe i2mπe i∆
≈ −igig0 + η − i∆
=g
iη + (∆− g0)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 12 / 20
![Page 74: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Reflectivity of a perfect crystal
In order to calculate the absolute reflectivity curve, solve for S0 and T0
using the solution and the recursive relations.
d
T0 S0
Tj Sj
Tj+1 Sj+1
j
j+1
S1 = e−ηe imπS0
S0 = −igT0 + (1− g0)S1eiφ
S0 = −igT0
+ (1− g0)S0e−ηe imπe imπe i∆
S0
[1− (1− g0)e−ηe i2mπe i∆
]= −igT0
S0
T0≈ −ig
1− (1− ig0)(1− η)(1 + i∆)≈ −ig
ig0 + η − i∆
=g
iη + (∆− g0)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 12 / 20
![Page 75: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Reflectivity of a perfect crystal
In order to calculate the absolute reflectivity curve, solve for S0 and T0
using the solution and the recursive relations.
d
T0 S0
Tj Sj
Tj+1 Sj+1
j
j+1
S1 = e−ηe imπS0
S0 = −igT0 + (1− g0)S1eiφ
S0 = −igT0
+ (1− g0)S0e−ηe imπe imπe i∆
S0
[1− (1− g0)e−ηe i2mπe i∆
]= −igT0
S0
T0≈ −ig
1− (1− ig0)(1− η)(1 + i∆)≈ −ig
ig0 + η − i∆=
g
iη + (∆− g0)
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 12 / 20
![Page 76: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Darwin reflectivity curve
r =S0
T0=
g
iη + ε=
g
ε±√ε2 − g2
, ε = ∆− g0 = mπζ − πζ0
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 13 / 20
![Page 77: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Darwin reflectivity curve
r =S0
T0=
g
iη + ε=
g
ε±√ε2 − g2
, ε = ∆− g0 = mπζ − πζ0
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 13 / 20
![Page 78: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Standing waves
←− x = −1out of phase
x = +1 −→in phase
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 14 / 20
![Page 79: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Standing waves
←− x = −1out of phase
x = +1 −→in phase
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 14 / 20
![Page 80: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Absorption effects
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 15 / 20
![Page 81: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Energy dependence
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 16 / 20
![Page 82: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Polarization dependence
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 17 / 20
![Page 83: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Harmonic suppression
The displacement of the Darwin curve varies inversely as the order, m, ofthe reflection.
The width varies as the inverse squared.
ζ0 =g0
π=
2d2|F0|r0πmvc
ζD =2g
mπ=
4d2|F |r0πm2vc
By tuning to the centerof a lower order reflec-tion, the high orders canbe effectively suppressed.
By tuning a bit off on the “high” side we get even more suppression. Thisis called “detuning”.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 18 / 20
![Page 84: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Harmonic suppression
The displacement of the Darwin curve varies inversely as the order, m, ofthe reflection.
The width varies as the inverse squared.
ζ0 =g0
π=
2d2|F0|r0πmvc
ζD =2g
mπ=
4d2|F |r0πm2vc
By tuning to the centerof a lower order reflec-tion, the high orders canbe effectively suppressed.
By tuning a bit off on the “high” side we get even more suppression. Thisis called “detuning”.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 18 / 20
![Page 85: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Harmonic suppression
The displacement of the Darwin curve varies inversely as the order, m, ofthe reflection. The width varies as the inverse squared.
ζ0 =g0
π=
2d2|F0|r0πmvc
ζD =2g
mπ=
4d2|F |r0πm2vc
By tuning to the centerof a lower order reflec-tion, the high orders canbe effectively suppressed.
By tuning a bit off on the “high” side we get even more suppression. Thisis called “detuning”.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 18 / 20
![Page 86: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Harmonic suppression
The displacement of the Darwin curve varies inversely as the order, m, ofthe reflection. The width varies as the inverse squared.
ζ0 =g0
π=
2d2|F0|r0πmvc
ζD =2g
mπ=
4d2|F |r0πm2vc
By tuning to the centerof a lower order reflec-tion, the high orders canbe effectively suppressed.
By tuning a bit off on the “high” side we get even more suppression. Thisis called “detuning”.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 18 / 20
![Page 87: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Harmonic suppression
The displacement of the Darwin curve varies inversely as the order, m, ofthe reflection. The width varies as the inverse squared.
ζ0 =g0
π=
2d2|F0|r0πmvc
ζD =2g
mπ=
4d2|F |r0πm2vc
By tuning to the centerof a lower order reflec-tion, the high orders canbe effectively suppressed.
By tuning a bit off on the “high” side we get even more suppression. Thisis called “detuning”.
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 18 / 20
![Page 88: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Angular offset
We can calculate the angular offset by noting that the offset and widthhave many common factors.
Converting this to an angular offset.
ζ0 =2d2|F0|r0πmvc
ζD =4d2|F |r0πm2vc
ζoff =ζ0
m=ζD
2
|F ||F0|
∆θoff =ζD
2
|F ||F0|
tan θ
For the Si(111) at λ = 1.54056A
ωtotalD = 0.0020◦ ∆θoff = 0.0018◦
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 19 / 20
![Page 89: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Angular offset
We can calculate the angular offset by noting that the offset and widthhave many common factors.
Converting this to an angular offset.
ζ0 =2d2|F0|r0πmvc
ζD =4d2|F |r0πm2vc
ζoff =ζ0
m=ζD
2
|F ||F0|
∆θoff =ζD
2
|F ||F0|
tan θ
For the Si(111) at λ = 1.54056A
ωtotalD = 0.0020◦ ∆θoff = 0.0018◦
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 19 / 20
![Page 90: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Angular offset
We can calculate the angular offset by noting that the offset and widthhave many common factors. Converting this to an angular offset.
ζ0 =2d2|F0|r0πmvc
ζD =4d2|F |r0πm2vc
ζoff =ζ0
m=ζD
2
|F ||F0|
∆θoff =ζD
2
|F ||F0|
tan θ
For the Si(111) at λ = 1.54056A
ωtotalD = 0.0020◦ ∆θoff = 0.0018◦
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 19 / 20
![Page 91: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Angular offset
We can calculate the angular offset by noting that the offset and widthhave many common factors. Converting this to an angular offset.
ζ0 =2d2|F0|r0πmvc
ζD =4d2|F |r0πm2vc
ζoff =ζ0
m=ζD
2
|F ||F0|
∆θoff =ζD
2
|F ||F0|
tan θ
For the Si(111) at λ = 1.54056A
ωtotalD = 0.0020◦ ∆θoff = 0.0018◦
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 19 / 20
![Page 92: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Angular offset
We can calculate the angular offset by noting that the offset and widthhave many common factors. Converting this to an angular offset.
ζ0 =2d2|F0|r0πmvc
ζD =4d2|F |r0πm2vc
ζoff =ζ0
m=ζD
2
|F ||F0|
∆θoff =ζD
2
|F ||F0|
tan θ
For the Si(111) at λ = 1.54056A
ωtotalD = 0.0020◦
∆θoff = 0.0018◦
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 19 / 20
![Page 93: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Angular offset
We can calculate the angular offset by noting that the offset and widthhave many common factors. Converting this to an angular offset.
ζ0 =2d2|F0|r0πmvc
ζD =4d2|F |r0πm2vc
ζoff =ζ0
m=ζD
2
|F ||F0|
∆θoff =ζD
2
|F ||F0|
tan θ
For the Si(111) at λ = 1.54056A
ωtotalD = 0.0020◦ ∆θoff = 0.0018◦
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 19 / 20
![Page 94: Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016csrri.iit.edu/~segre/phys570/16F/lecture_18.pdf · Today’s Outline - October 26, 2016 Bragg & Laue geometries Kinematical approach for many layers](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041101/5edacb7ea22bb1624d6d901a/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Darwin widths
the quantities below the widths are f 0(Q), f ′, and f ′′ (forλ = 1.5405 A). For an angular width, multiply times tan θand for π polarization, multiply by cos(2θ).
C. Segre (IIT) PHYS 570 - Fall 2016 October 26, 2016 20 / 20