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Table of Contents

Dedication iiiPreface xvii

Chapter 1: Getting Started with Autodesk Alias DesignIntroduction to Alias Design 1-2Basic Terms Used in Alias Design 1-3Representation of Curves 1-4

Cubic Spline 1-4Bezier Curve 1-4B-Spline Curve 1-4NURBS 1-4

Representation of Surfaces 1-5Bicubic Surface 1-5Bezier Surface 1-5B-Spline Surface 1-5NURBS Surface 1-5

Autodesk Alias Products 1-5Autodesk Alias Design 1-5Autodesk Alias Automotive 1-5Autodesk Alias Surface 1-6

System Requirements 1-6Starting Alias 2012 1-6Alias Design 2012 Interface 1-8

Menu Bar 1-8Promptline 1-8 Promptline History 1-8Layer Bar 1-9 Work Area 1-9Palette 1-10Control Panel 1-10Shelves Window 1-11Status Bar 1-11

History View 1-11Alias Design Windows/Layouts 1-11

Types of Windows 1-11Navigating the Windows 1-12Controlling the Window Display 1-12

Using Marking Menus 1-15Viewing Panel 1-17

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omvi Learning Autodesk Alias Design

ViewCube 1-20Snapping Tools 1-23

Snap to CV/Edit Point 1-24Snap to Grid 1-24Snap to Curve 1-24

Workfl ows in Alias Design 1-25Default 1-25Paint 1-25Modeling 1-26Visualize 1-26

Understanding Symbols in Menu, Palette, and Shelves Window 1-26Hotkeys 1-27Creating Customized Shelves 1-28Object Lister Window 1-29Different States of Node 1-30Scene Block Diagram (SBD) 1-31Starting a New File 1-32Opening an Existing File 1-32Opening Recent Files 1-33Saving Files 1-34Printing the Output 1-37Exiting the Application 1-41Controlling the Display of Windows 1-41

Controlling the Display of the Title Bar 1-41Toggling the Window Components 1-42Controlling the Display of Window Components 1-42

Changing Preferences in Alias Design 1-43Color Schemes 1-48Self-Evaluation Test 1-50

Chapter 2: Working with Basic ToolsIntroduction to Basic tools 2-2Invoking Tools 2-2Methods of Creating Objects 2-2Creating Keypoint Curves 2-3

Creating a Line 2-3Creating Polylines 2-5Creating a Parallel Line 2-5Creating a Line at Angle 2-6Creating a Circular Arc 2-7Creating an Ellipse 2-8Creating a Rectangle 2-10Creating a Three Point Arc 2-10Creating a Two Point Arc 2-12Creating an Arc Tangent to a Curve 2-12Creating a Concentric Arc 2-13

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Table of Contents vii

Creating a Line Tangent to a Curve 2-13Creating a Line Tangent from/to Curves 2-14Creating a Line Perpendicular to a Curve 2-14Creating Linearcs 2-16Creating Text 2-17

Features of a Curve 2-18Control Vertices 2-18Edit Points 2-18Hulls 2-19

Creating Curves 2-19Creating a Circle 2-19Creating a CV Curve 2-21Creating an Edit Point Curve 2-23Creating a Freeform Curve 2-23

Creating Primitives 2-25Creating a Sphere 2-25Creating a Torus 2-26Creating a Cylinder 2-28Creating a Cone 2-29Creating a Cube 2-30Creating a Plane 2-31

Pick Tools 2-31Picking Objects 2-31Picking Components 2-32Picking Templates 2-34Picking Edit Points 2-34Picking CVs 2-35Picking Hulls 2-35Picking Curves-on-surface 2-35Picking all Objects 2-36Picking Objects by Shaders 2-36Picking Locators 2-36Picking Visible Objects 2-37Unpicking Objects 2-37

Transform Tools 2-38Moving an Object 2-38Rotating Objects 2-39Scaling an Object 2-41Scaling Objects Non proportionally 2-41Setting the Pivot Point 2-42Duplicating an Object Along a Curve or a Surface 2-44 Setting the Pivot Point at the Center 2-47 Rotating the Local Axes of the object 2-48 Resetting the Transformation of Objects 2-49

Shading Objects in View Windows 2-49Diagnostic Shading 2-49Hardware Shading 2-51

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omviii Learning Autodesk Alias Design

Tutorial 1 2-54Tutorial 2 2-62Self-Evaluation Test 2-68Review Questions 2-69Exercise 1 2-70Exercise 2 2-70

Chapter 3: Working with Surfaces-ICreating Surfaces 3-2

Creating a Revolved Surface 3-2Creating an Extruded Surface 3-6Creating a Skin Surface 3-9Creating a Planar Surface 3-13

Editing Features 3-14Editing Keypoint Curves 3-16

Moving the Keypoints 3-16Breaking the Keypoint Curves 3-17Joining the Keypoint Curves 3-17Modifying the Attributes of a Keypoint Curve 3-17

Construction Objects 3-18Placing a Point 3-18Creating a Vector 3-19Creating a Reference Plane 3-20Setting the Construction Plane 3-24Toggling between the Planes 3-25Presetting the Grid 3-25

Working with Layers 3-27Assigning the Objects to Layers 3-27Selecting the Objects 3-28Controlling the Visibility of Objects 3-28Setting the Symmetry of Objects 3-28Deleting the Layers 3-28Controlling the State of Objects 3-28Applying the Colors to Layers 3-29Toggling between the Visibility States of Layers 3-29

Controlling the Display of Objects 3-29Controlling the Visibility of Objects 3-30Tutorial 1 3-32Tutorial 2 3-41Self-Evaluation Test 3-50Review Questions 3-51Exercise 1 3-51Exercise 2 3-52

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Table of Contents ix

Chapter 4: Working with Surfaces-IISecondary Surfaces 4-2Creating a Fillet Surface 4-2Creating a Freeform Blend Surface 4-12Creating a Profi le Blend Surface 4-16Modifying the Objects Proportionally 4-17Moving the CVs Normally 4-20Tutorial 1 4-22Tutorial 2 4-31Self-Evaluation Test 4-41Review Questions 4-42Exercise 1 4-43Exercise 2 4-43

Chapter 5: Editing SurfacesGenerating Curves-on-surface 5-2

Projecting Curves on the Surface 5-2Generating Curves-on-surface at the Intersection of Surfaces 5-5Mapping Curves on Surface 5-6Trimming Surfaces 5-8Untrimming Surfaces 5-11Creating Round Surfaces 5-12Creating Variable Radii Round 5-17

Duplicating Objects 5-18Creating Duplicate Copies 5-18Mirroring Objects 5-23Grouping Objects 5-25Ungrouping Objects 5-26

Tutorial 1 5-28Tutorial 2 5-37Self-Evaluation Test 5-44Review Questions 5-45Exercise 1 5-46Exercise 2 5-46

Chapter 6: Advanced Surface Modeling Tools-IAdvanced Surfaces 6-2Creating a Rail Surface 6-2Creating a Square Surface 6-15Creating N-Sided Surfaces 6-18Creating Multi-Surface Drafts 6-22Creating Draft/Flange Surfaces 6-27Transforming the CVs and Hulls 6-30

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omx Learning Autodesk Alias Design

Tutorial 1 6-34Tutorial 2 6-43Review Questions 6-50Self-Evaluation Test 6-51Exercise 1 6-52Exercise 2 6-52

Chapter 7: Editing Tools-IEditing Curves 7-2

Duplicating a Curve 7-2Combining Curves 7-7Adding a Fillet Between Curves 7-8

Modifying the Curve 7-11Adding Points to an Existing Curve 7-12Transforming a Curve 7-12Stretching a Curve 7-14

Breaking and Joining of Curves 7-15Breaking a Curve at Infl ections 7-16Intersecting and Detaching Curves 7-16Rebuilding a Curve 7-17Planarizing a Curve 7-18

Sectioning a Group of Curves 7-20Trimming Curves 7-20Segmenting Curves 7-22Slicing Curves 7-23

Tutorial 1 7-26Tutorial 2 7-40Self-Evaluation Test 7-50Review Questions 7-51Exercise 1 7-52Exercise 2 7-52

Chapter 8: Editing Tools-IIEditing Objects 8-2Attaching Objects 8-2Detaching an Object 8-5Inserting Edit Points into an Object 8-6Extending an Object 8-6Offsetting Objects 8-9Setting the Surface Orientation 8-14Unifying the Normals of Surfaces 8-14Reversing the Orientation of Surfaces 8-15Reversing U and V Parameters of a Surface 8-17Reversing the Direction of a Curve 8-19Editing an Object 8-20

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Table of Contents xi

Closing an Object 8-22Editing a Comment 8-24Editing a Query 8-24Editing Isoparametric Curves 8-25Symmetric Modeling 8-26Fit Curve 8-26Tutorial 1 8-28Tutorial 2 8-44Self-Evaluation Test 8-54Review Questions 8-55Exercise 1 8-56Exercise 2 8-56

Chapter 9: Advanced Surface Modeling Tools-IIAdvanced Modeling 9-2

Aligning Objects 9-2Using Manipulators to Align Objects 9-9Aligning Objects across the Symmetry Plane 9-11Creating a Bevel Surface 9-12

Refi ning the Edges of Surfaces 9-15Creating a Fillet Flange Surface 9-15Creating a Tube Flange Surface 9-21Creating a Tubular Offset Surface 9-22Creating a Tube Surface 9-26

Tutorial 1 9-28Self-Evaluation Test 9-42Review Questions 9-43Exercise 1 9-44

Chapter 10: Advanced Modeling and Editing ToolsDynamic Shape Modeling 10-2

Advantages of Dynamic Shape Modeling 10-2Disadvantages of Dynamic Shape Modeling 10-2

Dynamic Shape Modeling Tools 10-2Dynamic Shape Modeling Using the Lattice Rig Tool 10-2Lattice States 10-7Lattice Rig Toolbox 10-8

Understanding Curve Networks 10-11Terminology Used in Curve Networks 10-11Valid and Invalid Regions 10-12Creating Surfaces from Curve Network 10-12Curve Network Toolbox 10-14

Working With Shells 10-20Applications of Shells 10-20Disadvantages of Shells 10-20

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omxii Learning Autodesk Alias Design

Conversion of Surfaces/Shells 10-20Stitching the Shell 10-21Unstitching the Shells 10-22

Boolean Operations 10-23Shell Subtraction 10-23Shell Intersection 10-24Shell Union 10-25

Labeling Objects and Measuring the Distance 10-25Annotating or Labeling Objects 10-25Editing and Moving the Locators 10-26

Measuring the Dimensions 10-27Measuring the Linear Distance between Objects 10-27Measuring the Angular Distance 10-29Measuring the Radius 10-29Measuring the Diameter 10-30Measuring the Arc Length 10-30

Measuring the Deviation 10-31 Measuring the Closest Point Deviation 10-31Measuring Deviation between Two Curves at Single Location 10-32Measuring the Deviation between Two Curves 10-32Measuring the Deviation between Two Surfaces 10-34Measuring the Deviation between a Curve and a Surface 10-34Measuring the Deviation between a Mesh and a Surface 10-35Displaying the Curvature of a Curve 10-35

Tutorial 1 10-39Tutorial 2 10-47Self-Evaluation Test 10-56Review Questions 10-57Exercise 1 10-57

Chapter 11: Advanced Editing ToolsDynamic Shape Modeling 11-2

Modifying an Object Using the Twist Rig Tool 11-2Twist Rig Toolbox 11-4Modifying an Object Using the Bend Rig Tool 11-4Bend Rig Toolbox 11-8Modifying an Object Using the Conform Rig Tool 11-8Conform Rig Toolbox 11-13

Introduction to Meshes 11-14Generating Meshes 11-14Saving Meshes 11-15

Working on Meshes 11-16Creating Meshes from NURBS or Shells 11-16

Projection On Mesh 11-19Projecting the Curve on the Mesh 11-19Projecting the Curve Normal to the Mesh 11-20

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Table of Contents xiii

Creating Curves on Mesh Boundaries 11-20Mesh Partitioning Operations 11-21

Cutting Meshes 11-21Subsetting of Meshes 11-22Merging Meshes 11-23Reversing the Orientation of Mesh 11-24

Defects in Meshes 11-24 Repairing Meshes 11-25

Mesh Information 11-26Mesh Topology Checks 11-26Stereolithography Validation Checks 11-27Display 11-27

Tutorial 1 11-27Tutorial 2 11-36Self-Evaluation Test 11-44Review Questions 11-44Exercise 1 11-45Exercise 2 11-45

Chapter 12: Basics of RenderingIntroduction to Rendering 12-2Types of Renderers 12-2Commonly used Terms in Rendering 12-3Applying Shaders to Surfaces 12-7

Shader Name 12-8Shading Model 12-9Blinn Shading Parameters 12-9Common Shader Parameters 12-9Special Effects 12-10Ambient Occlusion 12-11Glow 12-11Raytrace Parameters 12-12Hidden Line Rendering Parameters 12-13

Shading Parameters 12-13Blinn Shading Parameters 12-13Phong Shader Parameters 12-14Lambert Shader Parameters 12-14

Mapping Textures on a Surface 12-15Texture Procedures 12-16Texturable Values 12-16

Adding Lights to a Scene 12-17Editing Cameras 12-18

Camera 12-18Camera Properties 12-19Image Planes 12-21

Using Mouse Buttons to Apply Shaders 12-22

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omxiv Learning Autodesk Alias Design

Left Mouse Button 12-22Middle Mouse Button 12-22Right Mouse Button 12-23

Using the Multi-Lister 12-25The Title Bar 12-25The Swatch Display Area 12-25The Multi-lister Menu 12-25

Rendering Parameters 12-26Global Rendering Parameters 12-27Object Rendering Parameters 12-29

Rendering a Scene 12-32Rendering Objects Directly 12-36Tutorial 1 12-37Tutorial 2 12-50Self-Evaluation Test 12-57Review Questions 12-58Exercise 1 12-59Exercise 2 12-60

Chapter 13: Surface Evaluation and PaintingSurface Evaluation 13-2

Evaluating the Continuity of Surfaces 13-2Evaluating the Continuity of Curves 13-5Creating the Parting Lines 13-8Evaluating the Min/Max Curvature 13-10Evaluating Mass Properties 13-11Checking Models for Data Transfer 13-13Evaluating the Deviations 13-18Creating Parting Lines by Horizon 13-19

Sketching/Painting in Alias Design 13-21Working with Sketching/Painting Window 13-22

Components of Sketching/Painting Window 13-22Creating a New Canvas/Paint Window 13-24Introduction to Canvas Layers 13-26

Image Layers 13-26Mask Layers 13-26Shape Layers 13-26

Organizing Canvas Layers 13-26Working on Layers 13-29

Creating a New Image Layer 13-30Creating a New Mask Layer 13-30Creating a New Invisibility Mask Layer 13-30Creating a New Canvas Folder 13-31Duplicating a Layer 13-31Merging Layers 13-31Merging the Visible Layers 13-31

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Table of Contents xv

Merging All Layers 13-32Color Schemes 13-32

RGB 13-32CMY 13-32HSL and HSV 13-32

Importing Images 13-33Exporting Images 13-34Tutorial 1 13-35Tutorial 2 13-40Self-Evaluation Test 13-47Review Questions 13-47Exercise 1 13-48

Chapter 14: Sketching ToolsIntroduction 14-2Painting/Sketching Tools 14-2

Sketching with Pencil 14-2Sketching with Round Pencil 14-9Sketching with Marker Ink 14-9Sketching with Fine Marker 14-10Sketching with Broad Marker 14-10Sketching with Soft Airbrush 14-10Sketching with Medium Airbrush 14-11Sketching with Pastel 14-11Sketching with Felt Brush 14-12Sketching with Solid Brush 14-12

Erasing the Paint 14-12Erasing the Paint with Multiple Strokes 14-13Erasing the Paint with Single Stroke 14-13Erasing the Image Layer 14-13

Editing Paint Strokes 14-13Sharpening the Paint 14-14Blurring the Paint 14-15Smearing the Paint 14-15Cloning the Paint 14-16Dodging (Lightening) the Paint 14-16Burning (Darkening) the Paint 14-17Filling a Color in Canvas 14-18

Selecting an Area in Paint/Image 14-19Selecting an Area by MagicWand 14-19Selecting an Area by Polyline Marquee 14-20

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omxvi Learning Autodesk Alias Design

Selecting an Area by Lasso Marquee 14-21Selecting an Area by Rectangular Marquee 14-22Selecting an Area by Elliptical Marquee 14-22Toggling the Marquee 14-23Inverting the Marquee 14-23Clearing the Marquee 14-23Transforming the Marquee 14-23Creating Image Shapes 14-24Masking a Shape 14-27Creating Invisible Masks 14-27Creating Text Images 14-28Creating Mirror Images 14-29Toggling the Canvas Symmetry 14-30Editing Colors 14-30

Editing the Paint 14-32Transforming Image Layers 14-33Flipping the Image Horizontally 14-34Flipping the Image Vertically 14-34Deforming the Image 14-34Warping an Image by Using a Shape 14-36

Correcting the Colors of a Sketch 14-36Manipulating Colors 14-37Correcting the Brightness and Contrast of an Image 14-39Correcting the Saturation and Value of an Image 14-41Correcting the Dodge of an Image 14-41Correcting the Burn of an Image 14-42Balancing the Color of an Image 14-42Balancing the HSV of an Image 14-44Balancing the HSL of an Image 14-45Sharpening a Layer 14-45Blurring a Layer 14-46

Projecting Sketches 14-47Tutorial 1 14-49Tutorial 2 14-56Self-Evaluation Test 14-64Review Questions 14-65Exercise 1 14-66Exercise 2 14-66

Student ProjectsProject 1 2Project 2 9

Index 1