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TECHNICAL M ANUAL

EXTERIOR FINISHES, INSIGNIA AND

MARKINGS,

APPLICABLE TO USAF AIRCRAFT

F09603-89-3074

(ATOS)

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT - Approved for public release; distr ibution is unlimited. Other request for thisdocument should be referred to WR-ALC/ LKC, Robins AFB GA 31 09 8. Questions concerning tec hnical content

should be referred to WR-ALC/ LKJTC, Robins AFB GA 31 09 8.

Published under authority of the Secretary of the Air Force

14 M AY 19 94CHANGE 6 - 2 0 M ARCH 1 99 8

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TO 1-1-4INSERT LATEST CHANGED PAGES. DESTROY SUPERSEDED PAGES.

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGESNOTE: The portion of the text affected by the changes is indicated by a vertical l ine in the outer margins

of the page. Changes to illustrat ions are indicat ed by miniat ure pointing hands. Changes to wiringdiagrams are indicated by shaded areas.

Dates of issue for original and changed pages are:

Original . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 0. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 14 May 1994 Cha nge. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 5. . .. . . .. . . ..29 August 1997Cha nge. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 1. . .. . .15 September 1995 Cha nge. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 6. . .. . . .. . . .. .20 Mar ch 1998Cha nge .... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 2.... . . . .. . . .9 J an ua ry 1996Cha nge .... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 3.... . .20 September 1996Cha nge .... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 4.... . . . .. .31 J an ua ry 1997

TOTAL NUM BER OF PAGES IN THIS PUBLICATION IS 1 76 , CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING:

P a ge *C ha nge P a ge *C ha nge P a ge *C ha nge

No. No. No. No. No. No.

Title ......................................... 6A .............................................. 6

i - v...........................................0vi B la nk ...................................01-1 ........... ............. ............ ........01-2 ........................................... 61-3 - 1-4 ............. ............ ..........02-1 - 2-4 ............. ............ ..........03-1 - 3-3 ............. ............ ..........03-4 B la nk .................................04-1 ........... ............. ............ ........04-2 ........... ............. ............ ........34-3 - 4-4 ............. ............ ..........04-5 - 4-6 ............. ............ ..........55-1 - 5-4 ............. ............ ..........06-1 - 6-2 ............. ............ ..........0

6-3 - 6-4 ............. ............ ..........56-5 ........... ............. ............ ........06-6 B la nk .................................07-1 - 7-2 ............. ............ ..........0A-1 - A-2 ............ ............ ..........0A-3 - A-4 ............ ............ ..........3A-5 - A-6 ............ ............ ..........0A-7............................................4A-8............................................0B -1 - B -12 ............ ............ ........0B-13 ......................................... 6B -14 - B -45 ............ ............ ......0B -46 - B -48 ............ ............ ......1C -1 - C-2 ............ ............ ..........0

C-3............................................3C -4 - C-6 ............ ............ ..........0D-1 - D-42................................0D-43 ......................................... 6D-44 - D-56..............................0E -1 - E -8 ............ ............ ..........0E-9............................................2E-10..........................................0F-1 - F-9...................................0F-10 B la nk ..............................0

* Zero in this column indicates an original page

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I G EN E RAL ....................................................................................................................................... 1-11-1 P urpose.. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . 1-11-2 Def init ions .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 1-11-3 Applica bility . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 1-11-4 Responsibilit ies. . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 1-11-5 Major Command Regulat ions. . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 1-21-6 Authorized Deviat ions.. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 1-21-7 Aircra f t Received From Other Services. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 1-21-8 Request for Wa ivers .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . 1-31-9 Service Tests . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . 1-31-10 Report ing P aint ing and Marking Deficiencies. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 1-31-11 Decalcoma nia (Decals) . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . 1-3

1-12 Applica ble R eferences .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 1-3

II STANDARD EXTER IOR FINI SH ES F OR US AF AIRC RAFT... .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . 2-12-1 Metal Exterior Finishes . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 2-12-2 P olicy G uidance .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 2-12-3 Air Force Sta ndard E xterior Finishes . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 2-32-4 Exterior F inish Ident i f icat ion C odes . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 2-32-5 Special P urpose Exterior Solar Resistant Finishes. . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 2-32-6 Exha ust , Gun And Rocket Ga s/B last Areas . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 2-42-7 Therma l Ref lective Finish .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 2-42-8 Sa lt Wat er, Sal t Air And P olluted Air . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 2-42-9 Anti-G lar e Finishes .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 2-42-10 Acid Resistan t Finishes .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 2-42-11 Finishes F or Aircra f t P ropellers And Helicopter Rotors. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 2-4

2-12 Anti-Skid Coat ing For Wa lkwa ys .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 2-42-13 Finish System For Engine Air Inta ke Ducts/Scoops . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 2-4

II I STANDARD MARKING S AND INSIG NIA FOR US AF AIRCRAFT.. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 3-13-1 G enera l . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . 3-13-2 US AF Sta ndar d Markings And Insignia . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . 3-13-3 G e n era l S peci f ica t i on for L et t er in g an d Nu m era l s Used in Mark in g f or

Aircra f t...................................................................................................................... 3-23-4 P aint Fa ci l ity/Finish Ident if icat ion B lock. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 3-2

IV SP EC IAL P U RP OSE MARKI NG FOR U SAF AIRC RAFT... .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 4-14-1 G enera l . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . 4-14-2 American Flag Markings . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 4-14-3 United St at es of America Marking . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 4-14-4 Organizat ion Insignia or E mblems . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . 4-2

4-5 Outstanding Unit Awa rd Markings . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 4-24-6 Crew Mar kings .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . 4-24-7 Local S t a t ion Numbers and Mark ings for Aircra f t . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 4-24-8 Air Na t ional Gua rd (Ang) Aircraf t . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 4-34-9 Usa f Aircra f t S upplied Under Map . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 4-34-10 Aircraf t P ropeller Mar kings .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 4-34-11 Helicopter Rotor B lade Mar kings .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 4-44-12 Ta il Rotor B lade Ma rkings .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 4-44-13 Insta l lat ion Of P lacards In Aircra f t . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 4-44-14 Ident i f icat ion Markings For J e t t isonable Aircraf t Components . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 4-4

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4-15 Marking Of Emergency L igh t ing (F lash ligh t ) - Cargo And Transpor tType Aircra f t ............................................................................................................ 4-5

4-16 Marking For Walkwa ys And Honeycomb Pa nels . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 4-54-17 Ma rkings For Dr ones .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 4-54-18 Markings for Search and Rescue Aircraf t . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 4-54-19 Aircra f t Conspicuity and Arct ic Markings . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 4-54-20 Estab l i sh ing New Requ irements for Ins ign ia and Mark ings . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 4-6

V STANDARD MARKINGS, FINISHES, AND INSIGNIA FOR CAMOUFLAGE DU SAF AIRC RAFT........................................................................................................................... 5-1

5-1 P urpose of Ca mouf lage . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 5-15-2 Ca mouf lage Authori ty . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 5-15-3 Aircra f t Ca mouf lage Materials . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . 5-15-4 Ca mouf lage P at terns . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 5-15-5 Insignia and Markings. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 5-25-6 Instruct ional Markings . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 5-35-7 Squa dron and Organizat ional Markings . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 5-35-8 Arma ment Loads P lacard . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 5-35-9 Dist inct ive Unit Aircra f t Ident i f icat ion Markings . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 5-35-10 Special Opera ting Force (SOF) Aircraf t . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . 5-35-11 Na to Ma rkings Code Numbers.. . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 5-4

VI SERVICING, GROUND HANDLING, EMERGENCY AND HAZARD WARNINGMARKING S, (NON-CAMOU FLAG ED ) AIRC RAFT.................................................................... 6-1

6-1 G enera l . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 6-16-2 Nat o Marking Code Numbers . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 6-16-3 Hydra ulic Systems And Landing Gea r/Strut s . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 6-1

6-4 Aircra f t Gr ounding P oints . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 6-16-5 St orage B a tteries . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 6-16-6 Ejection Sea ts . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 6-26-7 Ident i f icat ion Of B al l is t ic Hose Or Tubing Assemblies . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 6-26-8 Ca nopy Removers .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . 6-26-9 Marking For E lectrical C onnect ions . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 6-26-10 Ma rkings For Engine Remova l . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 6-26-11 Markings For Tanks And Tankf i l ler Areas . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . 6-26-12 Marking For Engine Compar tment Fire Access Pa nel . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 6-26-13 Helicopter Ta il Rotor Wa rning Sign .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 6-26-14 P ropeller Wa rning St ripes And Signs.. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 6-26-15 Remova ble Esca pe P a nels. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 6-36-16 Markings For Forced Emergency Entry Or E xit . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 6-46-17 Specia l Mark ings For Normal/Emergency External Canopy Release Ac-

cesses On J et Aircra f t.............................................................................................. 6-46-18 Arma ment Loads P laca rd .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 6-46-19 Instrument Sta t ic Opening Markings. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 6-5

VII IDE NTIFICATION OF TUB ES , HOSE AND PI P E LINES F OR AIRCRAFT.. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 7-17-1 G enera l . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 7-17-2 G enera l C lassi f icat ion of Lines . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 7-17-3 G enera l Marking of Lines. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 7-17-4 Method used for I dent if icat ion of Lines . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . 7-17-5 Electrica l Conduits . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 7-2

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7-6 Flexible Ca bles .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . 7-27-7 Air Condit ioning Ducts . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 7-2

A STANDARD AIR FORC E AIRC RAFT MARKING S .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .A-1A-1 Nat ional Sta r Insignia . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..A-3A-2 U .S. Air Force Ma rking.. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .A-3

B USAF AIRCRAFT FINISH AND MARKING SPE CIFICATIONS ANDILL U STRATIONS ...........................................................................................................................B -1

C SP EC IAL P U RP OSE AIRCRAFT MARKING S .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .C-1

D SP ECIFICATIONS - CAMOUFLAGE PATTERNS AND MARKINGS FOR U SAFAIRC RAFT ......................................................................................................................................D-1

E S E R VI C I N G , G R OUN D H AN D L IN G , E M E R G E N C Y, H AZAR D WAR N I NG M AR K -INGS AND ARMAMENT PLACARD LOCATIONS FOR AIRCRAFT.......................................E-1

F I D E N TI F I C ATI ON C OD E S A ND M AR K I NG S F OR TUB I N G , H OS E AN D P I P EFOR AIRC RAFT..............................................................................................................................F -1

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A-1 Nat ional Sta r Insignia . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .A-4A-2 Nat ional Sta r Insignia on Swept Wings. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..A-5A-3 U . S . AI R F OR C E , U S AF a n d Air cr a f t Mod el D es ig na t i on S er ia l N um ber , a n d

Fuel Requir ement ................................................................................................................ A-6A-4 Form of Let ters a nd Numerals . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .A-7A-5 Typica l Mark ing For P a in t Fac il it y/Fin ish Iden t if ica t ion B lock . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..A-8B-1 B-52 Aircraf t Ma rking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .B-5B-2 C-5 Aircraf t Ma rking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .B-7B-3 C-9 Aircraf t Marking Specif icat ions . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. ..B -9B-4 C-12 Aircraf t Marking Specif icat ions . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..B -12B-5 C-130 Aircraf t Ma rking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .B-15B-6 C-135 Aircraf t Ma rking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .B-17B-7 C-141 Aircraf t Ma rking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .B-19B-8 F-4 Aircraf t Ma rking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .B-21B-9 F-106 Aircraf t Ma rking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..B -23B-10 H-1 Aircra f t Marking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..B -25B-11 H-3 Aircra f t Marking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..B -27B-12 H-3B Aircra f t Marking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .B-29B-13 H-53 Aircra f t Marking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .B-31B-14 OV-10 Aircra f t Ma rking Specif icat ion (FAC Configurat ion) . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .B-33B-15 T-1A Aircraf t Marking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .B-35B-16 T-33 Aircraf t Marking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..B -37B-17 T-37 Aircraf t Marking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..B -39B-18 T-38 Aircraf t Marking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..B -41B-19 T-39 Aircraf t Marking Specif icat ion . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..B -43B-20 T-39 All White Aircra f t Marking Specif icat ion . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .B-45B-21 T-43A Aircra f t Marking Specif icat ion . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..B -47C-1 U. S . Flag Marking . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .C-3C-2 RC-130 Aircra f t C onspicuity Marking . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .C-4C-3 C-140 Aircraf t Conspicuity Ma rking. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .C-5C-4 T-39 Aircraf t Conspicuity Marking . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .C-6D-1 A-7 Aircraf t Ca mouf lage Pa t tern . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .D-3D-2 ANG A-7 Aircraf t Camoufla ge P at tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .D-5D-3 B-52 Aircraf t Camoufla ge P at tern . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..D-7D-4 B-52 Aircraf t SE A Ca mouf lage P at tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .D-8D-5 C-5 Aircra f t European I Camouf lage Pa t t e rn .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .D-9D-6 C-130 Aircraf t Camouf lage P at tern . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..D-10D-7 C-130 Aircra f t Camouf lage Pa t t e rn , European I . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..D-11D-8 C-130 Aircra f t Camouf lage P a t t ern For Asia Minor . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .D-12D-9 AC-130 Exterior Finish and Markings, Special P roject . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .D-13

D-10 C-141A European I Ca mouf lage P at tern . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..D-14D-11 C-141B Aircra f t Ca mouf lage P at tern , European I . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .D-15D-12 F/RF-4 Aircra f t Wraparound Camouf lage Exter ior P a in t P a t t ern . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..D-16D-13 F-5 Aircraf t Ca mouf lage P at tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . ..D-17D-14 F-5 Aircraf t Cam ouf lage P at tern For Asia Minor . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .D-18D-15 F-111 A/D/E/F Aircraf t Ca mouf lage P a ttern .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .D-19D-16 FB -111A Aircra f t Ca mouf lage P at tern . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .D-20D-17 H-1F/D/N/H Aircraf t Sta ndard C amouf lage Pa t tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..D-21D-18 UH -1F/D/N/H Aircra f t Ca mouf lage P at tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .D-22D-19 UH -1F/D/N/H Aircraf t European I Ca mouf lage Pa t tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .D-23D-20 UH -1N Aircra f t Leopard Cam ouf lage P at tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .D-24

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F igure Tit le P a ge

D-21 H-3 Aircra f t Ca mouf lage P at tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..D-25D-22 CH -3 Aircraf t Ca mouf lage P at tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .D-26D-23 CH -3 Aircra f t European I Camoufla ge P at tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . ..D-27D-24 H-53 Aircra f t Sta ndard Cam ouf lage P at tern . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .D-28D-25 H-53 Aircra f t European I Ca mouf lage P at tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . ..D-29D-26 HH -53B Helicopter C amouf lage P at tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .D-30D-27 OV-10 Aircra f t Europe I Camouf lage Pa t tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .D-31D-28 A-37/OA-37 Aircra f t Sta ndard C amouf lage Pa t tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..D-33D-29 AT-38B Aircra f t Ca mouf lage P at tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..D-34D-30 T-39 Aircraf t Ca mouf lage P at tern . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..D-37D-31 F/TF-15 Aircra f t C am ouf lage Pa t tern for Air Superior Blue . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .D-38D-32 F/TF-15 Aircra f t Camouf lage Pa t t e rn for High and Low Ref lect ance Gra y . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .D-39

D -33 A-10 Air cr af t C a mouf la ge P a t ten European I ................................................................D-41D-34 A-10 Aircra f t Camouf lage Pa t t e rn for High and Low Ref lect ance Gra y . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .D-43D-35 Typical Dist inct ive Unit Aircra f t Ident i f icat ion Markings . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..D-47D -36 Ty pica l D is t in ct iv e U n it Air cr a f t I den t if i ca t i on , 24 Lett er Sizes ....................................D-48D -37 Ty pica l D is t in ct iv e U n it Air cr a f t I den t if i ca t i on , 36 Lett er Sizes ....................................D-49D -38 Ty pica l D is t in ct iv e Ai rcr a f t S er ia l N um ber , 15 Size.........................................................D-50D-39 Dist inct ive Unit a nd Serial Number Sizes C-130 Aircra f t . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..D-51D-40 Dis t inct ive Uni t a nd S er ia l Number S izes U H-1F Aircra f t . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..D-52D-41 Dist inct ive Unit a nd Serial Number Sizes F/RF-4 Aircra f t . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .D-53D-42 Dist inct ive Unit a nd Serial Number Sizes F/TF-15 Aircra f t . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .D-54D-43 Dist inct ive Unit and Serial Number Sizes F-16 Aircra f t . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .D-55D-44 Dist inct ive Unit a nd Serial Number Sizes A-10 Aircra f t . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . ..D-56E-1 Typical Symbol Dimensioning. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .E-2E-2 Aircra f t Markings, Servicing and P recaut ioning . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. ..E-3

E-3 Decalcomania - Ground H ere , In te rnat ional Symbol . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..E-5E-4 Markings For Fire Access P anel . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .E-5E-5 Helicopter Tail Boom Markings. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .E-6E-6 Emergency Instruct ion Markings. . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .E-6E-7 Emergency E ntry Ma rkings. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..E-7E-8 Arma ment P lacard Marking . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..E-8E-9 Arma ment P lacard Locat ions. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .E-9E-10 P ropeller Warning Stripes and Signs. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .E-10F-1 Exa mples of Ident if icat ion G roups. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. F-5F-2 Color-coded Funct ional Ident i f icat ion Tapes ( Sheet 1 of 2) . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .F-6F-3 War ning Symbols . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. F-7F-4 Optional Arra ngement for Ident i f icat ion . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .F-8F-5 Exa mples of Electrical Ident i f icat ion . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .F-9F-6 Tag Ident i f icat ion . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. F-9

LIST OF TABLES

Number Tit le P a ge

D-1 Dis t inct ive Uni t Mark ings , S izes , and Locat ions , Camouf lage Aircra f t . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .D-45F-1 Funct ions and Associat ed Symbols . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..F -4

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SECTION I

GENERAL

1-1. P U R P O SE . Th e pu rpos e of t his tech nica l pa t t er ns us ed a re g en er a lly det er min ed by th e g eo-

ord er is to s t an d ardi ze t h e p a in t in g an d mark in g g raph ica l reg ion of t h e wor ld i n wh i ch a ir cr a f t a recon f igura t ion of exter ior sur faces of a l l Air Force to opera te and/or the opera t ional role of the a i r-a i r cr a f t . I n t h e ev en t of con f l i ct bet we en a spe- cra f t . Th is t erm d oes n ot in cl ud e an y of t h e m ark -ci f ic sys tem/equipment Techn ica l Order (TO) and ings or insign ia usual ly appl ied over the f ina l t opa genera l TO, the sys tem/equipment TO wi l l t ake coat ing or f in ish . (See Sect ion V.)precedence. Conf lict ing instructions bet w een an y

c. Specia l Purpose Exterior F in ish . Refers totwo TOs that compromise personnel safety or pro-

final coatings and approved paints or lacquerscedural guidance will be resolved by local com-

a pplied t o specif ic portions of a ircraf t exteriors toma nders a nd r eported for forma l resolution by

provide for special needs. (See Section II .)responsible authority. Also prescribed are the lim-ited internal mar kings tha t a re common among d . US AF S t an d ard M arki ng s. Th ese m ark -the Air Force aircra f t (see applica ble weapons sys- ings that are ma ndat ory for display on al l US AFtems ha ndbook for peculiar ma rkings). Only the a ircraf t . (see para gra ph 1-11, Section III , and Sec-types a nd colors of pa ints, coatings, f inishes, insig- tion VI.)

nia a nd ma rkings specified herein will be used on e . Specia l Purpose Mark ings . Exter ior mark-U SAF a ircr a f t. (See AFR 66-34/AFI 21-105 a ndings for aircraf t o ther than the USAF standardparagraph 1-6 this TO on procedures to proposemarkings, that are required for application, orchanges to either the standard paint schemes ormay be authorized under certain circumstances, asmarkings.)sta ted in t his technica l order. S pecia l purposema rkings are varied in type a nd usage. TheyNOTEinclude va rious insignia, emblems, and symbols,

For operational purposes of this docu-whose need may vary with the differences in

ment . System Program Director (SP D)weapon system configuration and other pertinent

in this TO includes all players of thecircumsta nces. (See Section IV.)

Intergrated Weapon System Manage-ment concept of cra dle t o gra ve system f. Aircra f t U nit Ident if ica t ion Ma rkings.ma int ena nce. Alpha bet ic let t er , numerica l digit s, or combina -

tions of both, t ha t ma y be displa yed on both sides

Program Group Manager (PGM) of vertical f ins of designat ed combat a nd comba tMaterial G roup Mana ger (MGM)support aircraft primarily to allow ready air-to-air

System P rogra m Off icer (SP O)recognit ion. The use of th ese ma rkings is rigidly

System Program Manager (SPM)controlled and their indiscriminate or arbitrary

System S upport Mana ger (SSM)use is prohibited. (See Section III a nd IV.)

P rogram Director (P D)S ystem Ma na ger (S M) g. Tubing, H ose a nd P ipe Ma rkings. ThoseI tem Ma na ger (IM). colors, symbols a nd legends inst a lled on a ircra f t

tubing, hoses, pipe and rigid electrical conduit to1-2. D E F I NI TI ON S . Th e f ol low i ng a r e d ef i ni- identify the function, content , ha zar d or directiontions of terms used when dealing with the painting of f low. (See Section VII an d Appendix F.)and marking of USAF aircraf t .

1-3. AP P L I CAB I L I TY. Th is t ech nica l or der i sa . Air Force S t a ndard Exter ior F in ish . Thisapplicable to all USAF Air National Guard and Airterm a pplies t o the type a nd color of the f inal t op

Force Reserve Aircra f t. (See par a gra ph 4-8.)coating authorized and required by this technicalorder for application to the exterior surfaces ofnonca mouf la ged U S AF a ircr af t . This t erm does 1-4. R ES P ONS IB I LI TI ES .not include any of the mar kings or insignia usu-

a . Scope. WR-ALC/LKJ TC is responsible fora lly a pplied over t he fina l top coa ting or f inish.

the contents of this technical order, its currency(See Section II.)

a nd its a pplica tion wit hin th e scope of pertinentb. Air F or ce St a nda r d C a mouf l a ge Fin ish . Air F or ce Regula t ion s, Specif ica t ion s a n d S t a n-

Refers to the var i-colored and/or ir regu lar shaped dards . Un less speci f ied elsewhere herein , a l l mat -ext er ior pa t t er n a ppr oved for th e ca m ou f la g e t er s r ela t in g t o t he pa in tin g a n d m a rkin g of a ir -pa i nt in g of d es ig na t ed a ir cr a f t . Th e col or s a nd cr a f t w i ll b e d ir ect ed t o WR -AL C /L K J TC .

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NOTEb . C om pl ian ce. AF M C S ys t em P ro gramDirectors (SP Ds) sha ll be responsible for a ssuring In t he event of required pa inting orcomplia nce to t he req uirement s of AFR 66-34 or marking changes, the using commandAFI 21-105. G enera l Air Force policies promu l- is responsible to forward the appropri-ga ted by H Q U SAF/LG M under a uthority of AFR ate drawings and photographs to WR-66-34 or AFI 21-105 w ith respect to t he ma na ge- ALC /LK J TC a nd t he responsible a ir-ment and control of painting, paint schemes, and

cra f t S P D .markings which are included in this technicala . 89th Air li f t Wing, 201 AS, and the 1s torder.

Helicopter Squa dron. Deviat ions from the sta n-c. Main tenance and Appl ica t ion . Major com- dard exterior paint and marking configurations

mands and using organizations are responsible for specified herein, are authorized for aircraftmaintenance of coatings, f inishes, insignia, and assigned to the 89th Airlift Wing (Special Mission-markings required by this technical order for all AMC, 201 AS), a nd the 1st Helicopter Sq d. P a int-a ssigned aircra f t , a nd for complete overcoa ting or ing and marking of these aircraft will be as speci-st rip and r epaint of a ssigned aircraf t l is ted in f ied a nd a pproved by Headq ua rters U SAF/LG MY.Ta ble 1-3 of T.O. 00-25-4. When w ork req uir ed to

b . Energy Research and Development Agencycomply w ith t his technica l order is beyond the(ER DA). AFMC and AMC aircraf t a ssigned incapability of the using organiza tion, and upon cer-direct support of the E RDA in nuclear researchtif ica t ion of the ma jor comma nd in a ccordancewill be painted a s required for the sa fe accomplish-w ith T.O. 00-25-107, AFMC ma y a ssum e responsi-

ment of th a t mission. AFMC , AMC, an d (WR-bility for such requirement if depot resources areALC /LK J TC) will coordin a te on th e ty pe of pa inta vaila ble. AFMC sha ll, in accordance wit h the cri-a nd paint scheme requ ired. This provision isteria of this technical order, be responsible forapplicable only to those aircraft that activelycomplete overcoa ting or st rip a nd r epa int of a ir-engage in required ERDA tests and not to admin-cra f t lis ted i n Ta bles 1-1 an d 1-2 of T.O. 00-25-4.ist rat ive support aircraf t .

1-5. M AJ OR C OM MAN D R E G U L ATI ONS .c. U.S . Air Force Aer ia l Demonst ra t ion

Ma jor comma nds sha ll prepare regulat ions per-Sq ua dr on The Thun derb ird s. S pecial pa int

taining to the painting and marking of theirscheme and ma rkings are a uthorized for a ircra f t

respective aircra f t except a s follows:assigned to the Air Force Aerobatics Team andwill be approved by H eadq ua rters U SAF/LG MY.a . L imit a t ions . These regu la t ions wi l l supple-

ment t his technica l order a nd w ill be limited tod . 58t h Ai rl if t S qu ad ron . Ai rcr a f t a s si gn ed t o

dist inguishing insignia, markings, and finishesthe 58th Airl i f t S qua dron a re authorized a ircra f t

peculiar to their a ssigned aircraf t a nd a s a uthor- ra dio ca ll numbers on each side of vertical sta biliz-ized by th is technica l order.ers , the American f lag a nd U nited Stat es ofAmerica markings, with no other external USAFb . C oord in a t i on . E ac h m a jor com m an d sh a llma rkings identif ied/a uthorized (ie., U SAF, st a rscoordinate its proposed painting a nd ma rking reg-and bars on wings or fuselage, identity of aircraftula tion w ith WR-ALC/LKJ TC prior to publicat ion,or fuel under pilot s window, organ izat iona l ma rk-distr ibution or implementa tion. These regula tionsings). Deviat ions from stan da rd exterior pa int andwill be ca refully reviewed by AFMC to insure tha tma rking conf igura tions specif ied herein, ar ethey contain no devia t ions from t he instructionsauthorized for aircraft assigned to the 58th Airlifta nd intent of this technical order.Squa dron. P aint ing and marking of these aircraf t

NOTE will be as specified and approved by HeadquartersU SAF/LG MY.Ea ch major comma nd shal l forwa rd

published copies of approved painting e . US AFE - C-9A Aircra f t . C-9A a i rcra f ta nd ma rking regulat ions t o WR-ALC/

assigned to US AFE, a re authorized aircraf t ra dioLKJ TC, a nd the a pplica ble prime a ir- call numbers on ea ch side of vertical st a bilizer,cra f t SP D listed in TO 00-25-115. Red Cross on vertical sta bilizer, America n f lag

and Un ited St at es of America ma rkings.1-6. AU TH OR IZE D D E VI ATI ON S. S pecia lm issions a nd/or a ircr af t a ssignment s r eq uir e 1-7. AI RC RAF T RE CE IVE D FROM OTH ERd evia t ion fr om th e st a nda r d ext er ior pa in t a n d S E RVI CE S . Wh en ty pes a nd models of a ir cr a f tm ark in g con f i gu ra t ion . I n a l l ca ses , WR -AL C wi ll n ot p rev iou sl y in t h e US AF i nv en t ory , a remain t a in cop ies of d raw ings and color photographs acqu ired from other mil it ary depar tments , the(wh en av a i lab le) of pa i n t an d m ark in g sch em es of respect i ve S yst em P ro gram D i rect or (S P D ) sh a l lspecia l mission a ircra f t . request from WR-ALC /LKJ TC , dra w ings for t he

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NOTEUSAF Standard Markings for the new vehicles.The SP D will ensure t he proper exterior pa inting For the purpose of this technicaland ma rking configurat ion of these aircraf t is in order, decals are defined as a spe-accordance with the approved drawings. cia lly prepa red f ilm conta ining

design, words or numerals of poly-a . The SP D is responsib le for the prepara t ionester film, MIL-P-38477, which mayof proposed Special Purpose Markings for servic-

be t ransferred and perma nent lying, personnel instructions, ca ution, safety, etc. as attached to aircraft or other Air Forcespecif ied in Section IV, this t echnica l order. Theequipment.SP D w ill forw a rd t o WR-ALC/LKJ TC for a pproval,

two sets of exterior drawings illustrat ing the loca- a . Requ isi t ion ing P rocedure for Decals . Deca lt ion of the utility markings on these aircraft by ma rkings required for Air Force equipment a restructural member sta t ion number and w at er l ine l isted in technical ma nuals under I l lust ra ted Pa rts(W/L) reference points specifying dim ensions a nd B reakdowns, a nd w ill be requisit ioned on Aircolors to be used. Force F orm 764A in a ccord a nce w ith AFR 6-1/AFI

37-162 from t he a ppropria te ALC or Air Force1-8. R E QU E S T F OR WAI VE R S. R eq ues ts for

Depot indicated in TO 00-25-115.waivers to provisions of this technical order will belim it ed t o t hos e pr opos ed ch a ng es ba s ed on fu nc- b. S t a nd a rd D eca ls . D eca ls for t he follow in gt ional , opera t ional or specia l requ irements and wi ll wi l l be manufac tured , s tored and i ssued bycon t a i n f ul l wr i t t en ju st i f ica t i on , an d , wh ere ap pl i- S M AL C , P D O:

cable, definit ive dra wings. Requests for wa ivers (1) Nat ional S t a r Ins ign ia . (See Appendixbas ed solely upon a ppeara nce will not be

A)approved.

(2) US AF Mark ing. (See Appendix A)NOTE

(3) U . S . AI R F OR C E M arki ng . (S e eRequests for approval of waivers to

Appendix A)provisions of this technical order shallbe ca refully review ed a t ea ch respec- (4) Aircra f t S er ia l Numbers. (S eet ive comma nd level a nd if a pproved, Appendix A)w ill be forw a rded to WR-ALC/LK J TC,

(5) Radio Ca l l Numbers . (See Appendix B)with information copy to the SPD.Where necessa ry LK J TC w ill coordi- (6) American F lag Mark ings . (Seenate wi th the SP D. Appendix C)

(7) ARMAMENT placards . (See1-9. S E R VI C E TE S TS . R eq u es t s f or a u t hor it y Appendix E )to test paint type materials on in-service aircrafta nd/or externa l components w ill be forwa rded t o (8) S t a ndard ized Grounding Mark ing . (SeeWR-ALC /LK J TC for a pprova l. Approved service Appendix E )test program s w ill be implemented by a coordi-

c. Non-s t andard Decals . Deca ls for non-na ted effort , m onitored by the a ppropria te engi-standard Air Force markings such as command orneering function, the requesting activity and thesquadron insignia may be locally purchased inpert inent SP D.a ccorda nce w it h AFR 6-1/AFI 37-162.

1-10. REP ORTING P AINTING AND MARKING1-12. AP P L IC AB L E R EF ER ENC E S. Ad di-D E F I C I E N C I E S . I n ad equ aci es of in s t ru ct i on s ort ional inst ructions a nd d irectives a pplica ble ordeficiencies of specified materials contained in thisallied to the application and maintenance of fin-technical order, or other recommended changes,ishes a nd ma rkings of aircraf t a re conta ined in thew ill b e repor t ed t o WR-ALC /TIL TA on AF TO F ormfollowing:

22, Technical Or der S yst em P ublicat ion/Impr ove-ment Report, in accordance with TO 00-5-1. a . TO 00-25-107, AFLC Ma intena nce Techni-

cal Assistance to Air Force Field Activities.1-11. D E C AL CO MAN IA (D E C AL S ). D eca l s

b. TO 00-25-115, AFLC Ma intenance Engi-may be used in lieu of paint for all external andneering Prime ALC a nd AF Depot.in terna l ma rkings a nd insignia required by t h is

manual where the contact surfaces are of suffi-c. TO 00-110A-1, Deconta mina tion (TMs220).

cient smoothness to permit good adhesion. See TO1-1-8 for in st r uct ion s for in st a l la t i on a nd r em ov a l d . TO 00-110N -3, R a d ioa ct iv e D eca l s,of deca ls. Remova l from a ircra f t pa r t s a nd equipment .

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e. TO 1-1-691, Air cr a f t Wea pon s S yst em s n . AF R 400-44/AF I 21-105, C or rosion P r even -C lea ning a nd C orrosion C ont rol. t ion a nd C ont rol P rogra m.

f. TO 1-1-8, Applica t ion of Or ga n ic C oa t in gs o. Milit a ry S ta n da r d MI L-S TD -1247, Iden tif i-(P a int a nd Allied Ma ter ia ls). ca t ion of P ipe, H ose a nd Tube Lines for Aircra f t ,

Missile and Space Systems.g . TO 42A-1-1, Sa fety, Fire Protect ion and

H ea lt h P r om ot ion As pect s of P a in tin g, D opin g, a n d p. Milit a r y S ta n da r d MS 33739 (AS G ) Air cr a f tP a int Remova l. S ervicing a nd P reca ut iona ry Ma rkings.

h . AF I 21-105, Aer ospa ce E q uipm en t S tr uc- q . Milit a ry S pecif ica t ion MI L-F -7179, F in -t ura l Ma int ena nce. ishes a nd C oa t ings, G enera l S pecif ica t ion for P ro-

tection of Aerospace Weapons Systems, Structuresi . AFI 37-162, Pr in t ing, Duplica t ing and C op-

an d P a r t s .ying Mana gement .

r . Ai r S t an d ardi za t i on C oord in a t i ng C om m it -j. AFR 900-3, U se and D isplay o f Airforce

tee Air St a nda rd II /ID for S ervicing a nd G roundFlags, Guidons, Streamers, and Automobile and

Handling Codes.Aircraf t Plates.

s . CENTO STANAG #3230 - Emergencyk. AFR 6-1/AFI 37-162, Decalcoma nia s and

Marking on Aircraft .Other Ma rkings.

t . NATO STANAG #3109 - Servicing andl . AFR 66-34/AFI 21-105, Pa int ing and Mark-

Ground Handling Codes.ing Aircraft , Missile, and Droneu. NATO STANAG #3230 - Emergency Mark-

m. AFR 82-1, Des ignat ing, Redes ignat ing anding on Aircraft .

Naming of Military Aircraft , Rockets, and GuidedMissiles.

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SECTION II

STANDARD EXTERIOR FINISHES FOR

USAF AIRCRAFT

2-1. M E TAL E XTE R I OR F I NI S H E S . M et a l pr es er ve coa t i ng in t eg rit y . Th e fol low i ng cr it er iaexter ior sur t aces of a l l (see pol icy gu idel ines in wi l l app ly in programming a i rcra f t for pa in t ing .paragraph 2-2 below) Air Force aircraft other than

a . Ai rcr a f t d et erm in ed t o h av e a sou n d p a in tthose made of t itanium and corrosion resistant

system already applied will not be repainted solelysteels, require surface protection from the effects of

to incorporate color, improve appearance or mate-corrosion and therefore will be painted in accor-

rial changes to the standard paint system and colorda nce with the provisions of th is technica l order.

scheme a s listed herein. When it is necessar y toa . Ti tan i um or S t eel . S i nce t i tan i um or cor ro- per form ma i n t en an ce on su ch a ir cr a f t w i t h form er

s ion-resist an t s t ee ls , when used , make up on ly a s t andard or non-s t andard pa int (un less de ter io-par t of the tot a l a i rcra f t exte r ior sur face, they wi l l ra ted to the extent tha t comple te rep lacement i sa lso be pa in ted wi th the same f in ishes as the ad ja- requ ired), use l ike or same t ype materia l as o r ig i-cen t m et a ls , pr ov id in g t em per a t ur es per mit . n a lly a p plied f or m a i nt en a nce pa in tin g pu rpos es .

For new aircraft entering the inventory or for air-NOTE craft requiring repainting the cognizant engineer-ing authority within AFMC in conjunction with theDo not pa int a ny equipment w here themajor operating commands will evaluate all avail-a pplica tion of paint will deter it s oper-a ble technical, engineering a nd historica l evidenceational capabilit ies (antenna, radomes,to determine the appropriate corrosion protectionetc.)a nd prevention sys tem (type coa ting , color schemes,

b . Treatment of Meta l Exteriors . The t rea t - service life criteria, etc) for each weapon system. Ament of metal exteriors for corrosion control are coordina ted paint / repaint pla n w ill be developedspecif ied in TO 1-1-691. The proper prepa ra tion of a nd kept current for ea ch wea pon syst em. This plansurfaces for painting, priming and application of may be based on a w eighted Pa int P rogram inspec-f inish coa tings a re specif ied in TO 1-1-8. In a ddi- tion a nd eva lua tion procedure, ca lender tim e/sever-tion to protective finishes, regular scheduled sur- ity zone criteria, or other approved technique. Allface wa shing a nd clea ning in a ccordance with TO 1- aircraft under Tables 1-1 and 1-2 of T.O. 00-25-41-691 will minimize the probability of corrosion.

w ill be inspected pr ior to (if possible) a nd/or dur ingSome surfaces will require addit ional surface pro- P DM for condit ion of the pa int. The purpose of thetection a nd w ill be specif ied further in th is section. inspection w ill be to determine if the a ircraf t sh ould

be repa inted or touched-up.2-2. P O LI C Y G U I D AN CE . I t is a gen er a l policy(AFR 66-34/AFI 21-105) tha t a ll Air F orce a ircra f t (1) In dete rmin ing requirements for sec-will be painted as a prime means of corrosion pro- tional overcoating, total overcoating, or strip andtection a nd prevention. Inh erent in th is policy is repaint , the following general technical criteriathe responsibility to preserve a professional paint should be considered in the development of theappearance as an in tegral part o f a well-managed approved weapon system paint plan.corrosion cont rol pr ogra m (AF R 400-44/AFI 21-105).

(a) Sect ional or tot a l overcoat i f pa in t i sThe requirement to paint , however, must be tem-oxidized, discolored, stained, chipped, scratched orpered with good judgement and in consideration ofpeeled from primer and the primer is adheringfunds ava i labi li ty . I t is not in tended tha t cra shsoundly to the a ircraf t . I f this condit ion is exten-progra ms be esta blished for the prompt paint ing of

sive, complete overcoating of the aircraft or sectiona ircraf t . Aircraf t will be painted in a ccordance wit his preferred over spot ma intenan ce pa inting.a service life plan unless there is an over-riding

operational requirement as determined by HQ (b) Strip/repaint i f the fol lowing defectsU SAF/XOO. Aircra f t should be scheduled for pa int- or combina tion of them exist : a reas wh ich ha ve beening with due regard for other scheduled mainte- overcoated (primer plus topcoat) at least threena nce a nd funding. Aircraf t ar e not to be painted times, primer is not adhering to base metal, or theunless they are programmed for retention in the paint system is peeled to base meta l.act ive inventory for at least two years af ter paint-ing. Aircraf t will receive ma intena nce paint ing to

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(2) When a pply ing t he a bove cr it er ia t o over spr ay t he exist ing pa int syst em ind et er min e pa in tin g r eq uir em en ts a nd a com bin a - a ccor da n ce w it h T.O . 1-1-8.t ion of defects for overcoating a nd st rip a nd r epa int

b . M a i nt en an ce P a i nt i ng . M a in t en an ce pa i n t -exists, the following general economic guidelines

ing procedures will not be used if there is anyshould be considered in the development of the

indication of a major failure of the aircraft paintapproved weapon system paint plan.

system. Opera tional environment a nd life expec-

(a ) Wh en d et erm in in g sect i on a l or t ot a l t an cy o f th e pa i n t s y st em w i ll b e con s id ered i na i rcra f t overcoat ing and a combinat ion o f defect s making th is dete rminat ion . I f major fa i lure of theexist , overcoat ing may be accomplished i f t ime or paint sys tem is ev iden t , comple te repain t shou ld bem an h ou r re qui rem en t s f or sur fac e prep ara t ion sch ed ul ed prom pt l y.(ma sk, sa nd, a nd clean) do not exceed 70% of the

NOTEtime or manhours required for complete strip/repaint . Table I and II (T.O. 00-25-4) aircraft

painting should be programmed for(b) Sect ional s t r ipping may be required ,accomplishment during a scheduledas determined by deteriora ted area s, on a n a ircra f tentry into a depot level facility fordesigna ted to be completely overcoat ed. CompleteP DM, other modificat ion/ma intena nceovercoating with prior sectional stripping may berequirements, or whenever corrosion isaccomplished if the combined time or manhours forevident, w hichever occurs f irst . Thesectional st ripping a nd surfa ce prepa ra tion for over-evidence of corrosion in any case shall

coa t do not exceed 70% of th e time requir ed for mean the point at which corrosioncomplete str ip/repa int .would cease to be controlled in accor-

(c) Complete st r ip/repaint should be da nce with criteria of techical orders 1-accomplished in lieu overcoating whenever time or 1-691, a nd/or t he s ys tem peculia r (-23,manhour requirements for masking, sanding, and etc.) techn ica l order s. Ta ble II I (T.O.cleaning for total or sectional overcoating exceed 00-25-4) aircraft will be painted by70%of those to a ccomplish s tr ip/re-pa int . using orga nizat ions in a ccordance with

technical orders 1-1-8, and 42A-1-1.(3) In the absence of an a pproved t a i lored

weapon system paint plan the above criteria will (1) Sect ional ized pa int ing of a i rcra f t . Toapply to al l aircra f t . minimize the contrast between new coatings and

aged or bleached topcoat finishes, individual air-NOTE craft may have sectionalized painting for mainte-

na nce purposes. The sections a re def ined as ma jorFor purposes of planning facility require-

sections of the aircraft such as wings, nacelles,ments, the expected paint sy stem a veragesta bilizers, rudders, empennage or other portions a slife before th e need for st rip/repa int is :from one ma jor as sembly joint to an other. This ma y

High gloss - 8 years also be applied to single panels of metal betweenFlat (unsheltered) - 6 years skin joints , doors, cont rol surfa ces a nd a ccess pan elsFlat (sheltered) - 8 years a s applicable. The criteria for aircra f t in para gra ph

2-2a. will be used to determine requirements for. This assumes good maintenance of sectionalized painting. Sectiona lized pa inting willcoating system and complete overcoat be accomplished in lieu of spot maintenance paint-a t a pproximat ely the m id-life point . ing when th e criteria of para gra ph 2-2a. is met. The

paint ma terial used must be of the same type as the. For the purpose of mission change ora djacent servicea ble a reas. Sma ller portions ofother reassignment o f aircraf t withdeteriorated paint ( less than that which qual i f iessound coating systems for which thefor sectionalized painting), must be touched up withexist ing coating or markings are inap-

the conventiona l spot or st rip patt ern.propriate, the major command shall

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2-6. E X H AUS T, G U N AN D R OC KE T G AS / are as suscep ti bl e t o ac id , a l ka l i an d u r in e cor ros ionB L AS T AR E AS . P oly ur et h a n e coa t i ng s ys t em , s uch a s b a t ter y com pa r t m en t s, b uf fet , la v a t or y a n dMIL-C-83286/MIL-C-85285 will be used for the pro- relief tube discha rge area s. The area t o receive thetect ion of surface ar eas exposed to engine exhaust , coat ing shal l be cleaned in accordan ce with TO 1-1-gun a nd rocket ga s/bla st a rea s. 691 a nd t he coa t ing a pplied in a ccorda nce w it h TO

1-1-8.a . E xh au st Track Areas . E xhau s t t r ack a re as

w i ll n orm a l ly b e pa i n t ed b lac k, col or N o. 17038. 2-11. F I N I S H E S F OR AI R C R AF T P R OP E L L E R SHowever , Grey , color No. 16473 or Whi te, color No. AND H ELICOPTER ROTORS. Refer to a ppl ica-17925, may be used when rep lac ing the pa int in the b le a i rcra f t , p ropel ler or rotor t echn ica l order fora f f ect ed a rea an d w h ere n ecessa ry t o ret a i n t h e ap prov ed b lad e f i n ish es an d bl ad e d a t a m ark in g s.or igina l a ircra f t color scheme. (S ee S ect ion IV, t h is t echnica l order for a pproved

propeller a nd rotor sa fety ma rkings.)b . G u n a n d R ocket B l a s t Ar ea s . G u n a n d

rocket b las t areas wi ll not requ ire a specia l color 2-12. ANTI-SKID COATING FOR WALKWAYS.des ignat ion other than tha t of the color of the ad ja- When a pproved by the a ppropr ia te SP D, wa lkwa ycent aircra f t exterior f in ish . Specif ic area s requir- coat ing conforming to MIL-W-5044 ma y be applieding such coat ings wi l l be as prescr ibed by the in colors to con t ras t or match the ad jacent coa t ing ,r es pect iv e S y st em P r ogr a m D ir ect or (S P D ). in a ccor da n ce w it h TO 1-1-8, on t he w in g r oot s of

subsonic fixed wing aircraft on which the wing2-7. TH E R MAL R E FL E CTI VE FI NI S H. All

roots a re used as a w a lk-on a rea. The coating ma yUSAF aircraf t programmed to part icipate in ther-

also be applied on other areas that receive heavymonuclear tests normally shall be protected with a duty traffic or are hazardous to pilot and servicetherma l ref lective finish syst em to include a top

personnel. Generally, the wing-root walkway coat-coa ting of polyur etha ne S pecif icat ion MIL-C-83286/

ing w ill be a pplied on both w ing roots t o a w idth ofMI L-C-85825, Whit e, color No. 17925. The req uir ed

18 inches measured from the fuselage, and shallpaint scheme will be specified by type and model

extend from just aft of the leading edge to justaircraft by WR-ALC. Application instructions are

forward of the trailing edge.includ ed in TO 1-1-8. Author iza tion for apply ingt h er m a l r ef lect in g f i nis hes w i ll b e ob ta i ned f rom 2-13. F I NI S H S YS TE M F OR E N G I NE AI RWR-ALC /LKJ TC . INTAKE D U C TS /S C OOP S . U nless ot herw ise

specif ied in applica ble aircraf t t echnical orders, the2-8. SALT WATER, S ALT AIR AND P OLLUTED

f inish system for a ll engine a ir inta ke ducts/scoopsAIR. Adequate corros ion resis t ance from sa l t

shall be the same as for the exterior of the aircraft ,wa ter spray , sal t heavy a tmosphere and va rious air

w hit e, color No. 17925. The forw a rd opening of th epollutants is provided by the standard exterior fin-

ducts/scoops sh a ll be coa ted t o blend w ith th e exte-

ish . Alipha tic P olyur eth a ne, MI L-C-83286/MIL -C- rior color of the a ircraf t , i .e. grey for grey aircra f t ,85285.blue for blue a ircraf t , camouf lage for camouf lagedaircraf t e tc ., to a depth suf f icient t o insure that the2-9. AN TI -G L AR E F IN IS H E S . Air cr a f t s ur -white cannot be seen from the immediate exterior.faces (such as nose section and cowling) whichThe pa int syst em in th e ducts/scoops sh ould beref lect a n objectionable glar e to the pilot a nd crewinspected and touched up or repainted on the sa meshall be finished with Aliphatic Polyurethane lus-basis as the exterior system.t erl ess , M IL -C -83286/MI L-C-85285, color N o.

37038, a s a pplica ble.

2-10. AC I D RE S I STAN T F I NI S H ES . M IL -C -83286/MI L-C-85285 or TT-L-54 sha ll b e a pplied t o

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SECTION III

STANDARD MARKINGS AND INSIGNIA FOR USAF AIRCRAFT

3-1. G E N E R AL . Th e m a r kin gs a n d in sig nia or b la ck f i nis hes . S peci f ic in st r uct ion s f or in st a l li ng

con ta ined in th is Sect ion wi l l be appl ied to a l l Air the Nat ional S t ar Ins ign ia and appropr ia te d imen-Force a i rcra f t a s speci f ied here in . Sect ion V con- s ions are con ta ined in Appendix A.tains special instructions concerning markings and

(1) N a t i on a l S t a r I n s i gn ia on Ai rcr a f t F u se-insignia for camouf laged a ircraf t . Appendix Alage. The Na tional Sta r Insignia will normally beref lects specific inst ructions, dimensions, etc., fora pplied to each side of the a ircraf t fuselage, midwa ythe proper a pplica tion of these ma rkings a nd insig-betw een the w ing tra iling edge and t he lea ding edgenia. (See paragraph 4-20 for procedure to establishof the sta bilizer.new requirements for markings and insignia if not

included in this technical order.) (2) N a t i on a l S t a r I n si gn ia o n Ai rcr a f tWings. The National St a r Insignia sha ll be applied3-2. USAF STANDARD MARKINGS ANDon the upper surface of the left wing and on theI N S I G N IA. Th e fol low i n g a re t he US AF s t an d ardlower sur face of the right w ing a s a pplica ble.markings and insignia for Air Force aircraft .

(3) Nat ional S t ar Ins ign ia on Hel icop ters .GENERAL Four National Star Insignia shall be applied on the

ITE M LOC ATION a ircraf t fuselage of helicopters. The insignia sha llbe located so that the insignia will be visible from

N a t ion a l S ta r I n sig nia Win g a nd F us ela g e each side, from a bove and from below. B eca use ofhelicopter design conf igura tion the insignia sha ll be

U SAF Ma rking Aircra f t Wingslocated so as to provide maximum identificat ion.

U .S . AI R F OR CE Air cr a f t F usela ge Such locations shall be standardized on like modelMarking and series helicopters.

S er ia l Number Aircra f t F usela ge b. U SAF Mar king. The ma rking U SAFsha ll be applied on t he low er surfa ce of the lef t w ingAir cr a f t D a t a Legen d Air cr a f t F us ela g ea nd the upper surfa ce of the right w ing on a ll US AF

Air cr a f t R a dio C a ll Air cr a f t Ver tica l F in a ircraf t . The low er surface ma rking shall be omit-Number ted wh en therma l ref lective finishes have been

a pplied. The height a nd locat ion of th e ma rkingUSAF will correspond, if at all possible, with theNOTENa tional St a r insignia a pplied on the opposite wing.

The above USAF Standard InsigniaThe top of the letters shall be toward the leading

and Markings will not be altered inedge of the wing.

location, dimension or configurationfrom the specificat ions ref lected c. U.S. AIR FORCE Marking. The Markingherein to accommodate any other U .S. AIR FORC E w ill be a pplied a nd ma inta inedinsignia or marking. on the left and right sides of the fuselage of all

a i rcra f t .a . N a t i on a l S t a r I n si gn ia . Th e N a t i on a l S t a rInsignia w ill be insta lled on all USAF aircra f t . The d . Ser ia l Number Mark ings - Aircra f t . Theinsignia shall consist of an insignia-white five- aircraft serial number marking is included in thepointed sta r loca ted w ithin a n insignia-blue circum- Aircraf t Da ta Legend mar king.scribed circle. An insignia -w hite recta ngle sha ll bel oca t ed on ea ch s id e of t h e s ta r . Th e t op ed ge of t h e e. D a t a L e gen d Ma r ki ng - Air cr a f t . Th e Air -rect an g le sh a l l form a s t r a ig ht l in e w i t h t h e u pper cra f t D a t a L eg en d ref l ect s t he own i ng mi li t a ry com -edges o f the hor izon ta l ly opposed s t ar poin t s. An ponent , the a i rcra f t t ype , model and ser ies, a i rcra f tinsign ia-red hor izon ta l s t r ipe sha l l be centered in ser ia l number , the g rade fuel t o be serv iced in theeach end of the rect ang le. An insign ia-b lue border a i rcra f t , a nd t he iden t ipla te loca t ion wi th in a i r-shal l ou t l ine the ent i re insign ia . The ins ign ia-b lue cra f t . This mark ing may be loca ted on the lef t s ideborder and insign ia-b lue ci rcle may be omi t t ed of the fuselage near the p ilot s compar tment or nearwhen the Nat ional S t ar Ins ign ia i s appl ied on b lue the s ing le poin t re fuel ing loca t ion .

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(1) A t ypi ca l Ai rcr a f t D a t a L eg en d m ark in g yea r ( om it t i ng t h e hyph en ) sh a ll t h en b e u sed , fol -follows: lowed by necessary quanities of zero to prove five

numerals .EXAMPLE:

EXAMPLE:U.S. AIR FORCE

The radio call number of aircraftAF SERIAL NO.

Serial Number 59-12A would beSERVICE THIS AIRCRAFT WITH 90012.

G R A D E F UE L(3) Al l rad io ca l l number placards ins t a l led

IDENTIPLATE LOCATION wit hin a ircraf t , including helicopters sha ll reflectthe same radio call number as applied on the air-craft exterior.

(2) I n t h e ab ov e f orm a t , t h e f i r st e nt ryidentifies the owning military service and the air- 3-3. GE NERAL SPECIFIC ATION FOR LETTER-cra f t ty pe, model a nd series. The second line is to ING AND NUMERALS USED IN MARKING FORbe used for the complete aircraft serial number. AIRCRAFT. Any style font/let ter compat ible withThe next entry is to be used to identify the grade the vertical block type letter an d a ra bic numera ls offuel to be serviced in the aircraf t , a nd the last entry uniform size a nd sha pe should be used w hen a pply-ref lects the identiplate loca tion. ing markings on aircraft. (See Appendix A for con-

struction of let ters an d numera ls.) U nless otherw isespecified herein, insignia-blue, color No. 15044, willNOTEbe used for let t ers an d numera ls a pplied on gra y or

The manufacturers name or the popu- w hite surfa ces. G loss bla ck, color No. 17038, ma ylar name for an aircraf t are specif i- be used as a substitute for the insignia-blue. Insig-cally prohibited from use or display on nia-white, color No. 17925, will be used on redany Air Force aircraf t .

f inishes. Ins ignia red, color No. 11136, will be usedon black finishes. Use Specification MIL-C-83286/f . Ai rcr a f t R ad io C a l l N um b ers . R ad io ca l lMIL -C-85285 Alipha tic P olyuretha ne. U se ofnumbers, will be applied to all USAF aircraft ondeca ls, both gloss a nd ca mouf lage, conforming t oeach side of the vertical stabilizer, or in the case ofMIL-P-38477, Type I, Class 2, are authorized foraircraft with multiple vertical stabilizers, on theuse in lieu of polyur etha ne pain t. This is aoutboard side of each outermost vertical stabilizer.premasked type decal that is applied over the pri-For helicopters with no vertical f ins, the numbersmer and then painted over. The premask ma terialwill be applied to both sides of the fuselage or hull.

is then removed w hich lea ves all edges of the deca l(See Appendix A, figure A-4, Appendix D, figure D-sealed with the topcoat of paint . Optional use of a35, and paragraph 3-3 for numeral dimensions andgloss or clearcoat applied underneath aircraftlocations.)deca ls for a dhesion purposes on camouf lage a ircraf t

(1) The a i rcra f t ra d io ca l l numbers cons is t is authorized.of five numerals w hich are derived from the a ircraf tserial number. Normally, the last f ive numera ls of 3-4. P AINT FACILITY/FINISH IDE NTIFIC A-the aircraft serial number are used to compose the TI ON B L OC K . Al l a i r cr a f t r ecei vi ng a n ew pa i n tra dio call number. The first num eral of the con- f inish w ill have a circular block of approximat ely 2tract year and the hyphen of the aircraf t serial 1/2 to 4 inches in dia meter a pplied t o the righ t s idenumber w ill not be used in ra dio ca ll numbers. of fuselage on the underside and even with the

leading edge of the horizonta l sta blizier or wing byEXAMPLES: the pa int activity who a pplied the new f inish. See

paragraph 1-1 if a specific weapon system TOThe ra dio call number of an a ircraf t

conf licts.whose serial number is 63-545143Awill be 45143.

a. This ident i f icat ion block/mar king shal l con-ta in the following informa tion:The ra dio call number of an a ircraf t

w hose seria l num ber is 62-3467 will(1) Cont rac tor or overhau l act iv it y Federa lbe 23467.

Ma nufa cturers code. (If no code exists, nam e a nd(2) In the event f ive numerals are not address.)

ava i lable in the aircraf t serial number from w hich(2) Da te of complet ion of paint a pplicat ionto derive the numerals required for the radio call

(da y, month, yea r).number, the second numeral of the aircraf t contr a ct

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NOTE(3) Iden t i f ica t ion by speci f ica t ion numberof every coa ting of the general sy stem a pplied to the The above marking is a firm require-exterior of the aircraft . ment and shall not be disfigured or

oversprayed during touch-up opera-b . S tenci ls or approved deca ls may be used fortions. If touch-up requires over-spra y-this marking. B order a nd letters sha ll be black,ing of this ma rking, it sha ll be replacedcolor No. 17038, for non-cam ouf la ged a ircra f t an d

a f t e rward s .a s per para gra ph 5-5e, for camouf laged aircra ft .(See figure A-5.)

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SECTION IV

SPECIAL PURPOSE MARKING FOR

USAF AIRCRAFT

4-1. G ENE RAL. U nless ot herw ise specif ied, the (12) E C/RC -135 a ircra f tdimensions, colors a nd ma terials r equired for U SAF

b . Th e Am er ican f l ag m arki ng , wh e n au th or-Standard Markings and Insignia, in Sect ion I I I ,

ized, shall be located on both sides of the rudder ora lso a pply to Special P urpose Ma rkings. Due to

vertical stabilizer above all other markings of sig-variance in equipment configuration and restric-

nif icance. The f la g sha ll be positioned horizonta llytions in the uses of some markings, special purpose

and in such a manner that the union shal l bemarkings may or may not be applicable to all air-

uppermost. The bars of the f lag sha ll appea r to becraf t . However, w hen a pplica ble a nd aut horized for

tra iling a t a ll t imes. (See Appendix C.)use, special purpose markings will be applied in thedimensions, colors and locations as specified herein c. The fol lowing s t andard s izes are speci f ied

for American f lag ma rkings used on U SAF aircraf t :4-2. AM ER IC AN FL AG M AR KI NG S . Th e d is -

(1) 19 36 inchesplay of the American Flag marking on aircraft

exteriors is intended for specific uses which have (2) 21 40 inchesnational significance or U.S. diplomatic connota-t ion . As such, t he use of the f la g ma rking w ill be (3) 25 48 inchesrestricted and approved only by Headquarters

(4) 31.4 60 inchesU SAF/LG MY. The routine or occasiona l oversea sf l ight o f aircraf t , the assignment o f aircraf t to

NOTEforeign soil, or the intra-theater travel of overseas

The f la g or na tiona l insignia /emblembased aircraft are not sufficient reasons for use ofof any country, other than the Unitedthe America n Fla g ma rkings. The Na tional St a rStates of America, will not be dis-Insignia and U SAF markings painted upon a ircraf tplayed on any USAF aircraf t for anyexteriors in a ccordance wit h inst ructions containedreason.herein, adequately identify these and other Air

Force aircraf t . 4-3. UNITED STATES OF AMERICAMARKING.a . Am er ican f l ag m arki ng s a re au t h or iz ed for

use only on the follow ing a ircraf t : a . The words UNITED STATES OF AMERICAa re a uthorized t o be pa inted on fuselage exteriors of(1) Air At t a ch ethe following aircraft authorized the American flag

(2) Mil it ary Ass is t ance Advisory Group markings:(MAAG )

(1) Air At t a ch e(3) U S AF Mis sion

(2) MAAG(4) Apol lo Range Ins t rumenta t ion Aircra f t

(3) U S AF Mis sionEC-135 (AFMC-ARIA) and NKC-135A SIN 53-3132(BIG CROW). (4) AF MC -AR IA

(5) 89t h Ai rl if t Wi ng (5) 89t h Ai rl if t Wi ng

(6) AMC/ACC a i r li f t forces a i rcra f t (6) Air Force Sect ion Mission (U.S. Mili-

tary Group Aircraft in Latin America).(7) Air Force Sect ion Mission (U.S. Mili-tary Group Aircraft in Latin America). (7) Nat ional Emergency Airborne Com-

mand Post E-4 Aircraft .(8) Nat ional Emergency Airborne Com-mand Post E-4 Aircraft . (8) 58t h Ai rl if t S qu ad ron US AF E .

(9) 58t h Ai rl if t S qu ad ron US AF E . b . Wh en au t h or iz ed , t he m arki ng UN I TE DSTATES OF AMERICA will be applied on both(10) ANG a nd Air Force reserve a i r l if t a i r-sides of the aircraft fuselage, parallel to and abovecraf t for w hich AMC/ACC is the ga ining comma nd.the top of the cabin w indow s. The fuselage ma rking

(11) E-3A aircraf t a ssigned to 522AWACW.

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U. S . AI R F OR C E , ref er red t o i n pa rag rap h 3-2 w i ll b . Ver t ica l /b lock l et t er in g (see f i g ure A-4), n otb e rem ov ed f rom t h ese a i r cr a f t . (S e e ap pen d ix C .) h ig h er t h an t wo in ch es , sh a l l b e u sed f or t h e

ma rkings. On non-camouf laged a ircraf t , let ters4-4. ORGANIZATION INSIGNIA OR

sha ll be yellow, color N o. 13538, an d on ca mou-E M B L E M S . Al l proposed org an iz a t ion a l

f laged aircraf t pa int le t ters in contra ct ing camou-emblems or insignia (Major Command, Wing,

f lage color, on a background block only a s lar ge asG roup or S qua dron) for use on aircra f t or missiles,

needed to accommodate the information, 6 inches

must meet the criteria of AFR 900-3 and be to 24 inches high, consistent w ith size of aircra f t .a pproved in a ccorda nce with the provisions of tha tIf th e background is presently black, the ba ck-

document.ground block is not requir ed. If the background isgra y, the ba ckground block is not required, a nda . Approved organ iza t ional emblems or ins ig-th e letters w ill be bla ck, No. 37038. B a ckgroundnia may be placed on non-camouflaged aircraft .sizes and lettering should be standardizedThe Major Command Headquarters shall be thethoughout the unit .a pproving aut hority for the use of orga nizat ion

emblems on its a ircraf t a nd t he precise location onc. M arki ng s m ay con t a i n f i r st n am es or in i-

the vehicle at wh ich t he emblem w ill be insta lled.t ials a nd last na mes. Exa mples of markings are a s

The use and location of the emblem will be con-follows:

tained in the pertinent major command regulation.P ILOT: L/Col. W.B . J ONE S

b . I n a l l ca ses , app rov ed org an iz a t ionemblems to be inst a lled on a ircra f t sha ll not C RE W C H IE F : S S G T A. B . J OH NS ONexceed 2/3 the size of th e fuselage n a tiona l sta r

orinsignia. Further, standard Air Force markingsw ill not be a ltered or r elocated t o accommodat e CREW CHIEF: SSGT ALFRED B.organiza tional emblems. Emblem loca tion a nd J OH N S ONdimensions will be the same for similar aircraft

ortypes a nd models. Whenever an aircra f t is perma -nently transferred for active service, the transfer- CREW CHIE Fring unit w ill remove its organ izat iona l emblems SSG T ALFRED B . J OHNSONprior to tra nsfer. Aircraf t being dea ctivated or

4-7. LOCAL STATION NUMB ERS AND MARK-processed for storage may be exempted from theINGS FOR AIRCRAFT. Where large numbers ofrequirement to remove orga nizat iona l emblems.aircraft are assigned to a stat ion, or duplication of

4-5. OUTSTANDING UNIT AWARD MARK- last three digits of aircraft serial numbers occursINGS. A rep lica o f the Outst and ing Uni t on such a stat ion, or where visibility at a stat ion isAward ribbon earned by an organization may be extremely poor due to snow or dust conditions, theinstalled on the sides of the aircraft fuselage in a Major Command ma y request and the Syst em Pro-

suita ble loca tion designa ted by t he a pplica ble gra m D irector (SP D) auth orize the a pplica tion ofmajor a ir comma nd headqua rters . Cri teria regard- local St a t ion Numbers as a n a id to ma intenan ceing size and location as stated in paragraph 4-4 a nd opera tional controla bove is a pplica ble except t ha t t he length of the

a . S t a t ion Numbers . The S t a t ion Numbers ma rking sha ll not exceed 12 inches a nd t he lengthwill be located on the nose section of fixed wingto width rat io will be maintained at 4 to 1, i .e. 12aircraft and on deflector shields or other forwardinches 3 inches, etc.component of helicopters, as designated by the

4-6. C R E W M AR K IN G S . Th e n a m es of pilot , part icular SP D. Numera ls will not be more thancrew chief or other m embers of the f light/ground eight inches in height a nd proportionat e to the air-crew ma y be a pplied to th e exterior of the ca mou- cra f t size and height . The St a tion Numbers w illf laged or non-camouf laged aircra f t a t the option of be removed prior to transfer.the major command.

b . Mark ings . Where large quan t i t ies of a s im-a . G e n era l ly , t he nam e s w il l b e ap pl ied t o t h e i lar type of aircraf t a re assigned to a sta t ion in the

left side of the fuselage, (right side for helicopters) CONUS , Major comma nds ma y a uthorize a dist in-near the pilot s window a nd clearly visible from guishing colored horizontal stripe for applicationground level. On large aircra f t such as C-130, C- on both sides of the topmost portion of the vertical135, C-141, C-5, etc. where the names will not be f in. A different color may be assigned each unitclearly visible from ground level, the nam es ma y owning such aircraf t . These stripes will be a ppro-be pla ced a djacent t o the forw a rd crew /pa ssenger priately removed by the installing organizationentra nce door, when a pproved by the ma jor when the a ircra f t is to be t ra nsferred.command.

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NOTE country does not have the capability to install itsinsignia a nd ma rkings, arra ngements wil l be madeThe above horiz