To what extent did the THE PROGRESSIVE...
Transcript of To what extent did the THE PROGRESSIVE...
THE PROGRESSIVE ERATo what extent did the
Progressive Era solve
problems of the Gilded
Age?
Average Life expectancy in US is 47 years
14% of households have bathtubs
8% of homes have telephones
There are 8,000 cars & 144 miles of paved roads
The maximum speed limit in cities is 10mph
The average wage is $.22/hour
More than 95% of births took place at home
DID YOU KNOW IN 1904…
90% of all US doctors have no college education
Sugar cost $.04/pound
Eggs cost $.14/dozen
Women washed hair once/month using borax or egg yolks for shampoo
The population of Las Vegas was 30
There was no Mothers or Fathers Day
20% of the adult population was illiterate
Only 6% of Americans graduated from high school
DID YOU KNOW IN 1904…
DID YOU KNOW IN 1904…Marijuana, heroin, and morphine were all available over the counter at drugstores:
“Morphine clears the complexion, gives buoyancy to the mind, regulates the stomach and is a perfect guardian of health”
There were only 230 reported murders in the US
1 2 3 4
5 6 7
8 9 10 11
WHAT LED TO THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT?
Progressive Movement
Populist Party
• Focused on the farmers.
• Advocates for a more flexible money supply, income tax, and government regulation
• Participated in the political process
Labor Unions
• Focused on factory workers.
• Advocated for improved working conditions
• Engaged in strikes
Social Gospel
• Advocated for better living conditions for the urban poor
• Philosophy was based on Christian teachings
• Women were active in the movement.
GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
Demanded that the government use its power to solve the problems of the Gilded Age.
Social
Improve the personal behavior of the poor
Reduce harsh conditions of industrialization
Political
Make society more democratic
Economic
Increase economic opportunity
Change uneven balance of wealth
PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS
Progressives varied in the specific area they chose to reform, however, they all wanted to change America for the better.
Mostly White, Middle Class Professionals.
PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS GALLERY WALK
NEW DAY
PROGRESSIVE REFORMS
Use the reforms around the room to describe each solution next to the problem it fixed.
SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENT
President Roosevelt set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves, 1.5 million acres of water-power sites, 50 wildlife sanctuaries, and several national parks.
• Division of Forestry
• National Park System
• Forest Reserve Act
National Reclamation Act - funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of 20 states in the American West.
CONSUMER PROTECTION
Meat Inspection Act: mandated cleaner conditions for meatpacking plants.
Pure Food and Drug Act: required truthful labeling of products sold to consumers
EDUCATION
• Progressive Education
• John Dewey - focus on personal growth
• Elective courses & seminars at universities
• Women attending college in large numbers
• Enrollment at record levels (86% of children in schools by 1920)
URBAN POVERTY
Settlement Houses: group homes in city slums
Jane Addams – Hull House
housing, food, education, child care, cultural activities, and social connections for immigrants
promoted public health reform in cities (chlorinating water and tightening sanitary regulations, health clinics, dispensaries)
YMCA and Salvation Army took on service roles
DRINKING
• Anti-Saloon League & Women's Christian Temperance Union fought alcoholism on the state level and national level
• 18th Amendment - prohibited production, sale, and transport of alcohol
POLITICAL
AMENDMENTS FOR DEMOCRACY
17 - Direct election of senators
19 – Women’s right to vote
20 – Shortens “lame duck” period (moves inauguration from March to Jan)
POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT
Direct Primary – party members nominate a candidate by direct vote.
Referendum - legislative acts could be approved by people
Recall - removal of a public official by a vote
Initiative – Citizens petition to get issues on the ballot
ENDING CORRUPTION
Pendleton Civil Service Act -government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.
Secret Ballot - voters marked their ballots within the privacy of a curtained booth
ECONOMIC
PRESIDENTIAL PLANS
Roosevelt
• Square Deal - needs of workers, business, and consumers should
be balanced.
• Trust Buster: broke up monopolies and trusts that did not serve
public interest
Taft
• Created Labor Department to enforce labor laws
• Broke up more trusts than Roosevelt
Wilson
•New Freedom: banking reform and stronger antitrust legislation
LABOR
• Workingman’s Compensation Act - provides financial assistance to federal employees who have been injured at work
• 8 Hour Workday – started with federal employees and expanded to private sector
• Child Labor – banned by nearly every state by 1918
BANK STABILITY
1913 Federal Reserve Act
• Created a central fund from which banks could borrow to prevent collapse during a financial panic
•Put the nation’s banking system under the supervision of the federal government for the first time
BUSINESS REGULATION
• Interstate Commerce Commission – created to end corruption in railroad industry
• Sherman Antitrust Act - limited the power of monopolies (lax enforcement, loopholes)
• Clayton Antitrust Act – prevented monopolies, made strikes/boycotts legal
• Federal Trade Commission – watchdog agency to end
unfair business practices (enforced anti-trust laws, cracked
down on false advertising)
INCOME TAX
16th Amendment instituted a graduated federal income tax.
LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM
• Failed to make gains for African Americans
• Despite groups like the NAACP, African American rights did not see gains like the other progressive goals.
• Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson retreated on Civil Rights once in office
The KKK reached a membership
of 4.5 million in the 1920s. This
had a lot to do with WW1 and
nativism as well.