To Posh To Push

TOOPOSH

TO PUSHA socio-cultural overview

about the perceived imageof Caesarean Section in

Italy and France.

Too Posh To PushA socio-cultural overview about the percived image of CS in

Italy and France

Federico AssiViola BernacchiBeatrice D’AgostinoFrancesco LeoniAndrea Maria Perroni

Laboratorio di Sintesi FinaleA.Y. 2012/2013M. Sc. Communication DesignSchool of DesignPolitecnico di Milano

•1

Summary

00. Introduction

01. Controversy

02. Protocol

03. Overview of actors on the web

04. The perceived image of C.S.

05. The controversy on the web

06. Future develops

• 4

• 6

• 10

• 16

• 24

• 50

• 78

• 3

00. Introduction

W.H.O. is the directing and co-ordinating authority for health within the United Nations sys-tem. It is responsible for provid-ing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health re-search agenda, setting norms and global standards, articu-lating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and moni-toring and assessing health trends. In 1985 the W.H.O. stated :there is no justification for any region to have cs rates higher than 10-15%. Nowadays, however, the optimal rate of births remains controversial in both developing and devel-oped countries. In fact, in June 2010 the World Health Organi-

zation officially withdrew its previous recommendation of a 15% C-section rates. Their of-ficial statement reads, “There is no empirical evidence for an optimum percentage. What matters most is that all women who need caesarean sections receive them.” This statement of W.H.O. itself evidences the complexity of the controversy and the difficulty to find an objective parameter to describe and border this phenomena.

Considered that, the aim of the research is to analyse how web users deal with this topic and how W.H.O. appeares from the web interconnections.

00.1 W.H.O.and Caesarean Section

•5

01. Controversy

Analyzing the latest W.H.O. health reports the goal was to have, at a glance, a general overview of the c.s. incidence in countries all over the World. Among the many data offered, the attention was focused on c.s. percentage, neonatal mor-tality and expence in health system as a percentage of the G.D.P. of each country.In order to find the G.D.P. per state, the data used came from the International Monetary Fund (data relative to 2011), di-viding the values in 9 ranges.

01.1 C.S. Percentage.Controversy pursuit.

C.S. over 15%

The bar graph in the following pages shows the strong link be-tween lower G.D.P. ranges and a high incidence of neonatal mortality. The economical fac-tor is linked as well with a c.s. percentage lower than the 10-15%, as prescribed in 1985 by W.H.O. It is clear that, in this situation, c.s. is rarely or never elective so it doesn’t represent a strong controversy.

On the contrary, in countries where percentage of c.s. grow s over 10%, economic situation is not as relevant as in the case we considered before.Here the situation appears de-cisely more complex: neonatal mortality is generally very low but there is not a common eco-nomical trend.By observing the graph ap-peares strange that countries economically similar and geo-graphically close could have such a different c.s. incidence.

The focus of the report is the couple Italy and France, one of the most interesting examples of this situation.Both nations are part of Eu-ropean Union, have a similar population and both are in the highest G.D.P. range. Although their c.s, incidence strongly diverges. Italy is an important case of study also because has the third highest c.s. percentage in the world and the first in Europe. Beside, France has a percentage of circa the half of the italian one.

In countries with a similar socio cultural context and a differ-ent incidence of Caesarean Section, what is the perceived

image of C.S.?

• 7

Oceania

G.D.P. investedin health service

G.D.P.

10% 15% 20%

0%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0/10 billions $

10/20 b. $

20/50 b. $

50/100 b. $

100/200 b. $

200/500 b. $

500/1000 b. $

1000/2000 b. $

2000/5000 b. $

5000/10000 b. $

> 10000 b. $

W.H.O. recognised accettable caesarean10% 15%

% Caesarean section% Infant mortality

AfricaAsia

Northern AmericaEurope

Latin America

Cha

dBu

rkin

a Fa

soEt

hiop

iaN

iger

Mal

iEr

itrea

Gui

nea

Equa

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al G

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dia

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eria

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amer

oon

Tajik

ista

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epal

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anda

Hai

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ongo

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gal

Libe

ria

Turk

men

ista

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Beni

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Con

go-k

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asa

Indo

nesi

aPa

pua

Aze

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Uzb

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tan

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yzst

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abon

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oast

Gha

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ilipp

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ait

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dPe

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Nor

way

Russ

iaTh

aila

ndia

Hun

gary

Cze

ch R

ep.

Gio

rdan

iaFr

ance

Esto

nia

Isra

elLi

thua

nia

Bela

rus

Nic

arag

uaSl

ovak

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ark

Tuni

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ania

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fric

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elan

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rugu

ayLu

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bour

gA

lban

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ain

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aIr

land

Ecua

dor

Aus

tria

Can

ada

Col

ombi

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ayEg

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Ger

man

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Braz

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rate

France | caesaren section percentage: 18,8% Italy | caesaren section percentage: 38,2%

G.D.P. and % of expence in Healt System

2 130 383 millions $11% 9%

O�cial name:UN member since:EU member since:

French Republic24-10-194525-03-1957

543 965 km²62 793 432 ab115 ab./km²

Surface:Population:Density:


1 921 576 millions $


Italian Republic14-12-195525-03-1957

301 340 km²61.261.254 ab202,00 ab./km²


Controversy

These considerations brought to ask ourself why countries with similar socio-cultural, economical and geographical characteris-tics could have such a different incidence of caesarean section. What is the perceived image of c.s. in these countries? Can the web influence the choice of c.s. by giving a different idea of it by im-ages and discussions? To try to answer this question will be the aim of the report.

01.2 Why France and Italy.Two compared case studies.

8 •

Oceania

G.D.P. investedin health service

G.D.P.

10% 15% 20%

0%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0/10 billions $

10/20 b. $

20/50 b. $

50/100 b. $

100/200 b. $

200/500 b. $

500/1000 b. $

1000/2000 b. $

2000/5000 b. $

5000/10000 b. $

> 10000 b. $

W.H.O. recognised accettable caesarean10% 15%

% Caesarean section% Infant mortality

AfricaAsia

Northern AmericaEurope

Latin America

Cha

dBu

rkin

a Fa

soEt

hiop

iaN

iger

Mal

iEr

itrea

Gui

nea

Equa

tori

al G

uine

aC

ambo

dia

Nig

eria

Moz

ambi

coC

amer

oon

Tajik

ista

nZa

mbi

aN

epal

Zim

baw

eRw

anda

Hai

tiM

alaw

iU

gand

aM

auri

tani

aC

ongo

Sene

gal

Libe

ria

Turk

men

ista

nBa

ngla

desh

Beni

nKe

nia

Con

go-k

insh

asa

Indo

nesi

aPa

pua

Aze

rbai

jan

Uzb

ekis

tan

Kyrg

yzst

anLe

soth

oM

oroc

coG

abon

Ivor

y C

oast

Gha

naPa

kist

anBo

tsw

ana

Swaz

iland

Indi

aA

rmen

iaPh

ilipp

ines

Djib

uti

Kaz

akhs

tan

Vie

tnam

Ukr

aine

Cap

e Ve

rde

Mac

edon

iaM

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negr

oG

uate

mal

aSa

udi A

rabi

aN

amib

iaG

eorg

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ondu

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Net

herla

nds

Kuw

ait

Boliv

ia

Serb

iaSy

ria

Ara

b Em

irat

esIc

elan

dPe

rùFi

nlan

dC

roat

iaSl

oven

iaSw

eden

Nor

way

Russ

iaTh

aila

ndia

Hun

gary

Cze

ch R

ep.

Gio

rdan

iaFr

ance

Esto

nia

Isra

elLi

thua

nia

Bela

rus

Nic

arag

uaSl

ovak

iaD

enm

ark

Tuni

sia

Tanz

ania

Sout

h A

fric

aLa

tvia

Turk

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man

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nite

d K

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Sal

vado

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lgar

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ew Z

elan

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rugu

ayLu

xem

bour

gA

lban

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ain

Vene

zuel

aIr

land

Ecua

dor

Aus

tria

Can

ada

Col

ombi

aPa

ragu

ayEg

ypt

Ger

man

yC

uba

Switz

erla

ndU

.S.A

.C

hile

Aus

tral

iaPo

rtug

alM

alta

Mex

ico

Sout

h Ko

rea

Ital

yC

hina

Dom

inic

an R

ep.

Braz

il

rate

France | caesaren section percentage: 18,8% Italy | caesaren section percentage: 38,2%


2 130 383 millions $11% 9%


French Republic24-10-194525-03-1957

543 965 km²62 793 432 ab115 ab./km²



1 921 576 millions $


Italian Republic14-12-195525-03-1957

301 340 km²61.261.254 ab202,00 ab./km²


Controversy

• 9

• Césarienne

One Keyword Category of actors

• Medical Associations• Forums for mothers• Popular online magazines

Google images.fr

• Parto cesareo

Google images.it

Google trends.fr

Google trends.it

Google web.fr

Google web.it

imagesrelated urls

CORPUSurlslinks

CORPUSurlslinks

CORPUS

QUERIES CHOICE

Image plot

GRAPH COMPARISON

Alchemy

Gephi

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

Gephi

RELATIONS NET

Protocol

02. Protocol

To conduct the research, the guidelines pursued are oriented to three main topics: actors of the controversy iden-tified on the web, perceived image of c.s. given by browsers and web discussion about the main issue. Each part contrib-utes in giving an exaustive idea of what is the perceived image of c.s., intended not just from its visual aspect but also as the awareness of users about the controversed topic.

On one hand a general keyword is cosidered for each country by translating caesarean sec-tion in italian and french. The two final queries are “parto ce-sareo” for Italy and “césarienne” for France. Those keywords are used to search images on the national Google and to focus on Google trends to find the most commonly connected words.

The first passage bring to the acquisition of two images and related URLs corpus. The sec-ond one specified other queries to enlarge the URLs corpus and its panorama of connections.

On the other hand is manu-ally detected a group a queries which represent the main ac-tors of the controversy on the web. This step of the research takes advantage of previous research studies in the field of socio cultural aspects of c.s. such as scientific papers, me-dia surveys and institutionals documents.

The consecutive part of the research, focused on data visu-alization, is based on the use of specific digital tools and a indi-vidual effort of analysis and in-terpretation of the datasets and their content.

02.1 Introduction.Research approach.

• 11

Protocol

National, subnational or re-gional organizations of profes-sionals related to sanitary sys-tem, they can be as public as private.

Cloud based text mining plat-form providing semantic tag-ging. Used for semantic analy-sis of URLs corpus.

Tool to clear, refine and trans-form messy datasets. Used to simplify keywords and catego-rizations.

Spreadsheets application fea-turing calculation, graphing tools and tables. Used to ana-lyse and sort every datasets.

Visualization software devel-oped by Dr. Lev Manovich to order on Cartesian axis group of images. Used to analyse cat-egories of pictures.

Interactive visualization and exploration platform to show complex systems, dynamic and hierarchical graphs. Used to visualize semantic analysis and networks of URLs.

Firefox applet to map URLs re-lations and connections. Used to analyse the URLs corpus networks.

Preferred debating platforms for women who are attend-ing, living o remembering their pregnancy and delivery.

One of the most relevant source of information among media active on the web.

These actors concerns the first chapter of analysis proposed in the report.

02.3 Tools.

Category of actors.

•Medical associations.

•AlchemyAPI.

•Google refine.

•Excel.

•Image plot.

•Gephi.

•Navicrawler.

•Forum for mothers.

•Popular online magazines.

Softwares adoperated in research.

02.3 Corpus.

•Italy.

•France.

Overview of actors in the web.

www.aogoi.itwww.agico.it/Agico-2007/home.aspwww.ageo-federazione.itwww.aigoc.comwww.aguionline.it www.irisassociazione.it/index.htmlwww.associazioneitalianaostetricia.it

forum.pianetamamma.itforum.noimamme.itforum.quimamme.leiweb.itforum.alfemminile.com

http://www.repubblica.ithttp://www.ilmessaggero.ithttp://www.corriere.ithttp://www.iodonna.ithttp://www.donnamoderna.comhttp://www.ilpost.ithttp://www.giornalettismo.comhttp://www.alfemminile.com

www.cngof.asso.frwww.fncgm.comwww.agof.frwww.aigm.asso.fr/wp/index.phpwww.syngof.fr/sitewww.nosgynecos.comwww.agyl-strasbourg.com

forum.doctissimo.frwww.maman-blues.frwww.aufeminin.com/forumwww.lescigognes.net/forum/viewforum.php?f=62forums.france5.fr/lesmaternelles/Cotemere/liste_sujet-1.htm

http://www.leparisien.frhttp://www.lefigaro.frhttp://www.lemonde.frhttp://www.femina.frhttp://www.femmeactuelle.frhttp://www.linternaute.comhttp://www.aufeminin.com

12 •

ProtocolProtocol

http://www.ecomammaebimbo.comhttp://www.equazioni.orghttp://www.essere-mamma.ithttp://www.esseredonnaonline.ithttp://www.evoluzionefamiglia.ithttp://www.fanpage.ithttp://www.farmacoecura.ithttp://www.gaianews.ithttp://www.gaianews.ithttp://www.galatina.ithttp://www.gazzettadiparma.ithttp://www.genitoricrescono.comhttp://www.giornaledipuglia.comhttp://www.gossipblog.ithttp://www.gravidanzaconsapevole.orghttp://www.gravidanzaonline.ithttp://www.guidaconsumatore.comhttp://www.guidone.ithttp://www.gyneconline.nethttp://www.ilgiornale.ithttp://www.ilrestodelgargano.ithttp://www.ilsole24ore.comhttp://www.ilsussidiario.nethttp://www.inerboristeria.comhttp://www.infanzia.ithttp://www.informarea.ithttp://www.informasalus.ithttp://www.janusonline.ithttp://www.lagravidanza.nethttp://www.lastampa.ithttp://www.leadershipmedica.comhttp://www.leiweb.ithttp://www.leonardo.ithttp://www.libero.ithttp://www.livejournal.ithttp://www.lookfordiagnosis.comhttp://www.mala-sanita.nethttp://www.mamma10.ithttp://www.mammaimperfetta.ithttp://www.mammaoggi.ithttp://www.mammedomani.ithttp://www.mammeunite.ithttp://www.maternage.ithttp://www.medicinalive.comhttp://www.meditalia.nethttp://www.miobambino.ithttp://www.mirorenzaglia.orghttp://www.modenaonline.infohttp://www.mondobimbiblog.comhttp://www.mondorosa.comhttp://www.nanopress.ithttp://www.newsfarmacia.comhttp://www.newspedia.ithttp://www.nostrofiglio.ithttp://www.ogginotizie.ithttp://www.oltrefreepress.comhttp://www.oneprice.it

http://www.pagineprezzi.ithttp://www.peacelink.ithttp://www.periodofertile.ithttp://www.permamma.ithttp://www.personaldreamer.comhttp://www.pianetadonna.ithttp://www.pianetamamma.ithttp://www.pisanotizie.ithttp://www.piusanipiubelli.ithttp://www.pourfemme.ithttp://www.primocanaledica33.ithttp://www.provincia.grosseto.ithttp://www.quandonasceunamamma.comhttp://www.quisalutedonna.ithttp://www.repubblica.ithttp://www.salute-italia.ithttp://www.sanioggi.ithttp://www.sapere.ithttp://www.saperidoc.ithttp://www.sassarinotizie.comhttp://www.spaziomamma.comhttp://www.stetoscopio.nethttp://www.swissinfo.chhttp://www.tantasalute.ithttp://www.telemeditalia.ithttp://www.telereggio.ithttp://www.tgcom24.ithttp://www.tuttasalute.nethttp://www.tuttogratis.ithttp://www.tuttomamma.comhttp://www.tuttoperlei.ithttp://www.tuttosteopatia.ithttp://www.universonline.ithttp://www.vanityfair.ithttp://www.vitadamamma.comhttp://www.vivodibenessere.ithttp://www.wn.comhttp://www.womenology.ithttp://www.yourself.it

•France.

http://blog.aufeminin.com/bloghttp://123news.frhttp://accoucherautrement.free.frhttp://annliz.blogspace.frhttp://aspa45.skyrock.comhttp://avoir-un-bebe.onlc.behttp://barbiv.skyrock.comhttp://battlefrite.comhttp://blog2dwa.wordpress.comhttp://blogdedwige.centerblog.nethttp://commons.wikimedia.orghttp://commons.wikimedia.orghttp://docteurdavidelia.frhttp://eurekaweb.free.fr

http://blog.mammenellarete.ithttp://chiarafinotti.wordpress.comhttp://circoncisione.forumcommunity.nethttp://consumatori.myblog.ithttp://cosedicasa.noiblogger.comhttp://dannagiancarlo.blogspot.ithttp://eolopress.ithttp://fondazioneveronesi.ithttp://ghostchange.blogspot.ithttp://it.123rf.comhttp://it.over-blog.comhttp://it.wikinoticia.comhttp://lavventuradiunavita.blogspot.ithttp://leragazze.wordpress.comhttp://o.elobot.ithttp://partonaturale.nelblog.comhttp://senorbabylon.blogspot.ithttp://social-news.nethttp://tube.7s-b.comhttp://valentina.duestrade.ithttp://www.ajilbab.comhttp://www.albanesi.ithttp://www.alfemminile.comhttp://www.allpepper.ithttp://www.amando.ithttp://www.attualissimo.ithttp://www.azonzotravel.comhttp://www.babybazar.ithttp://www.balcanicaucaso.orghttp://www.balordaggine.comhttp://www.bambinopoli.ithttp://www.bebeblog.ithttp://www.bella24.ithttp://www.bemamma.ithttp://www.bergamosera.comhttp://www.bimbisaniebelli.ithttp://www.blitzquotidiano.ithttp://www.bravibimbi.ithttp://www.cilentonotizie.ithttp://www.cittadiroma-anestesia.ithttp://www.clinicaveterinariagaia.comhttp://www.corriere.ithttp://www.corriereinformazione.ithttp://www.corrieresanita.euhttp://www.corsopreparto.comhttp://www.diariodelweb.ithttp://www.diredonna.ithttp://www.doctissimo.ithttp://www.doctorlivenews.ithttp://www.donnad.ithttp://www.donnainsalute.ithttp://www.donnamoderna.com

•Italy.

The perceived images of C.S.

• 13

Protocol

http://femmes.orange.frhttp://femmes.portail.free.frhttp://fr.123rf.comhttp://generations.frhttp://grossesse.aujourdhui.comhttp://grossesse.comprendrechoisir.comhttp://hommelibre.blog.tdg.chhttp://leplus.nouvelobs.comhttp://mammouth-destroyer.musicblog.frhttp://maternagealgerie.over-blog.comhttp://naitre-la-vie-bb.blogspot.ithttp://naitreetgrandir.com/frhttp://naitreetgrandir.over-blog.orghttp://pdfcast.orghttp://people.premiere.frhttp://quebecavecunq.over-blog.comhttp://revesdebulle.blogspot.ithttp://roberaline.skyrock.comhttp://sage-femme-en-herbe.skyrock.comhttp://sante-medecine.commentcamarche.nethttp://sante-medecine.lefigaro.frhttp://supermaman.over-blog.frhttp://suzanne-et-lesnuages.blogueuse.frhttp://sweet-jolie.skyrock.comhttp://talent.paperblog.frhttp://thedomainfo.comhttp://theses.vet-alfort.frhttp://tianplus.blogs.nouvelobs.comhttp://tvanouvelles.cahttp://uneautrevie-stefe.blogspot.ithttp://video.vivolta.comhttp://vives-les-bebes.skyrock.comhttp://voyage-nature.over-blog.comhttp://vrairap.unblog.frhttp://www.9mois-emoi.comhttp://www.9moisenmoi.orghttp://www.actustar.comhttp://www.agriaffaires.comhttp://www.algerie360.comhttp://www.allodocteurs.frhttp://www.aspq.org/frhttp://www.aufeminin.comhttp://www.babyfrance.comhttp://www.babymag.ch/frhttp://www.bebe.muhttp://www.bivouac-id.comhttp://www.bloc.comhttp://www.cesarienne.nethttp://www.cesarine.orghttp://www.chiens-online.comhttp://www.chirurgie-adherences.frhttp://www.clinique-bourgoin.comhttp://www.clubsuissedesparents.chhttp://www.co-naitre.chhttp://www.comparaison-assurance-mutuelle.com

http://www.coop.chhttp://www.cote-momes.comhttp://www.coupdepouce.comhttp://www.courrierinternational.comhttp://www.delta-force.comhttp://www.desordre.nethttp://www.dix-15.ac-clermont.frhttp://www.docbuzz.frhttp://www.docteur-benchimol.comhttp://www.doctissimo.frhttp://www.e-sante.behttp://www.e-sante.frhttp://www.eco-beaute.comhttp://www.editionsfides.comhttp://www.elle.frhttp://www.enceinte.comhttp://www.etreenceinte.comhttp://www.exporevue.comhttp://www.famili.frhttp://www.femina.chhttp://www.feminimix.comhttp://www.femininbio.comhttp://www.femmeactuelle.frhttp://www.ffl.luhttp://www.francesoir.frhttp://www.futura-sciences.comhttp://www.futura-sciences.com/frhttp://www.goodassur.comhttp://www.grainedecurieux.frhttp://www.gralon.nethttp://www.guide-du-moutard.comhttp://www.gyneco-ledigabel.frhttp://www.hellocoton.frhttp://www.infobebes.comhttp://www.jetaimemaman.nethttp://www.journaldesfemmes.comhttp://www.ladepeche.frhttp://www.lapresse.cahttp://www.lavieeco.comhttp://www.lechodelatuque.comhttp://www.lecoinbio.comhttp://www.lefigaro.frhttp://www.lemonde.frhttp://www.lepoint.frhttp://www.lesquotidiennes.comhttp://www.letemps.chhttp://www.librairiepantoute.comhttp://www.ludsyga.nethttp://www.magicmaman.comhttp://www.mamanbobo.frhttp://www.mamanpourlavie.comhttp://www.materneo.comhttp://www.maternite-chu-angers.frhttp://www.maternite-grossesse.frhttp://www.maxisciences.comhttp://www.mazeron-sas.comhttp://www.mc.be

http://www.medicalorama.comhttp://www.metakisbulls.frhttp://www.monbebe.comhttp://www.monvet.comhttp://www.mumtobeparty.comhttp://www.my-egg.frhttp://www.neufmois.frhttp://www.news-de-stars.comhttp://www.oc-sante.frhttp://www.ombrel.frhttp://www.onnemavaitpasditque.comhttp://www.ookoodoo.com/frhttp://www.osteopathie-64.frhttp://www.paperblog.frhttp://www.paroledemamans.comhttp://www.perinat-france.orghttp://www.perineology.comhttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.cahttp://www.planet.vertbaudet.comhttp://www.posh24.frhttp://www.psychologies.comhttp://www.public.frhttp://www.radio-canada.cahttp://www.republicoftogo.comhttp://www.rueducommerce.frhttp://www.sante-tn.comhttp://www.santevet.comhttp://www.semainesgrossesse.comhttp://www.she.be/frhttp://www.slate.frhttp://www.sofamille.comhttp://www.solvital.frhttp://www.super-bebe.frhttp://www.tequibou.comhttp://www.tertrerouge.frhttp://www.testinthecity.comhttp://www.topsante.comhttp://www.tounesalyaoum.comhttp://www.tout-sante.comhttp://www.unitheque.comhttp://www.yoopa.ca

14 •

Protocol

http://bari.repubblica.ithttp://blog.mammenellarete.ithttp://chiediallostetrica.blogspot.ithttp://forum.alfemminile.comhttp://forum.gravidanzaonline.ithttp://forum.pianetamamma.ithttp://it.wikipedia.orghttp://lamiaostetrica.ithttp://mamma.pourfemme.ithttp://medicinaeprevenzione.paginemediche.ithttp://partonaturale.orghttp://quimamme.leiweb.ithttp://ricerca.repubblica.ithttp://valentina.duestrade.ithttp://vivalamamma.tgcom24.ithttp://www.alfemminile.comhttp://www.angolodonne.ithttp://www.asf.toscana.ithttp://www.associazioneitalianaostetricia.ithttp://www.bambinopoli.ithttp://www.benessere.comhttp://www.blogmamma.ithttp://www.cercounbimbo.nethttp://www.cmsantagostino.ithttp://www.dolceattesa.rcs.ithttp://www.dolcemamma.ithttp://www.donnamoderna.comhttp://www.drorlandella.it/http://www.fnco.ithttp://www.fondazionembbm.ithttp://www.genitorichannel.ithttp://www.ginecologia.ithttp://www.ginecologo.ithttp://www.gravidanzaonline.ithttp://www.guidaconsumatore.comhttp://www.gyneconline.nethttp://www.hsacco.ithttp://www.hsr.ithttp://www.humanitas.ithttp://www.idoctors.ithttp://www.ieo.ithttp://www.ilfattoquotidiano.ithttp://www.inerboristeria.comhttp://www.infanziabambini.ithttp://www.lagazzettadelmezzogiorno.ithttp://www.mammafelice.ithttp://www.mammole.ithttp://www.marsupioscuola.ithttp://www.medicitalia.ithttp://www.nostrofiglio.it

http://accoucherautrement.free.frhttp://forum.aufeminin.comhttp://fr.wikipedia.orghttp://gyneco-obstetrique.hug-ge.chhttp://sante-az.aufeminin.comhttp://sante-medecine.commentcamarche.net/http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.comhttp://www.118000.frhttp://www.alternatives.behttp://www.ameli.frhttp://www.annonces-medicales.comhttp://www.aufeminin.comhttp://www.cesarienne.net/http://www.chu-clermontferrand.frhttp://www.chu-nantes.frhttp://www.cngof.asso.frhttp://www.docteurkadoch.comhttp://www.doctissimo.frhttp://www.e-sante.frhttp://www.elsevier.comhttp://www.enceinte.comhttp://www.enfant.comhttp://www.etreenceinte.comhttp://www.has-sante.frhttp://www.hebamme.ch/fr/http://www.ifchurennes.frhttp://www.infirmiers.comhttp://www.infobebes.comhttp://www.lagynecologie.frhttp://www.lemonde.frhttp://www.letudiant.frhttp://www.liberation.frhttp://www.linternaute.comhttp://www.magicmaman.comhttp://www.masexualite.ca/frhttp://www.monbebe.comhttp://www.neufmois.fr

http://www.oirmsantanna.piemonte.ithttp://www.ostetricagiorgiatiz.ithttp://www.partecipasalute.ithttp://www.partonaturale.nethttp://www.pianetamamma.ithttp://www.psico-terapia.ithttp://www.rssp.salute.gov.ithttp://www.salute.gov.ithttp://www.salutedonna.ithttp://www.sanihelp.ithttp://www.sanita.padova.ithttp://www.saperidoc.ithttp://www.sceglitu.ithttp://www.snlg-iss.ithttp://www.stradaperunsogno.com

•France.

•Italy.

The controversy on the web. http://www.pagesjaunes.frhttp://www.sage-femme.behttp://www.sages-femmes-idf.frhttp://www.sciencedirect.comhttp://www.slate.fr

• 15

QUERIES CHOICE

Google.itGoogle.fr

Association des GynécologuesAssociation des ObstétriciensForum mères

Associazione ginecologiAssociazione ostetriciForum madre

Most popular online magazines Most popular online magazines

CORPUS19 urls

CORPUS19 urls

Navicrawler

manual cleaning

Gephi

GRAPH COMPARISON

Category of actors

Overview of actors on the web

16 •

03. Overview of actors on the web

In the first part of the report is underlined the necessity to find out who are the main actors of the controversy and how the act on the web.

The choice of the research que-ries to define actors “Medical associations” and “Forum for mothers” is based on objective parameters.For “Medical associations” are used as queries “associazione ginecologi” and “associazione ostetrici” for Italy and “associa-tion des gynécologues” and “as-sociation des obstétriciéns” for France, tranlation of “gynecolo-gist association” and “obstetric association”. From the Google results are chosen the most re-nowed official institutions on the web.

For “Forum for mothers” are used as queries “forum madre” and “forum gravidanza for Italy” and “forum mères” and “forum grossesse” for France, transla-tion of “forum mothers” and “forum pregnancy”. From the Google results are choosen the most well known platforms.Choosing only forum for the actor “Mother” is motivated by the idea of her active partecipa-tion in forum platforms.

The choice of the URLs related to the actor “Media” is defined according to the Alexa rank-ing of the five hundred top sites ordered by traffic rank in Italy and France. The group of chosen URLs contains the first digital magazines and blogs for women.

03.1 Introduction.Definition of the corpus.

• 17


03.2 Actors network.How actors communicate in Italy.

The URLs of the corpus were insered in Navicrawler to extract their links and con-nections. After a manually cleaning of the data, they are visualized via Gephi to under-line the way the actors communicate and determinate their clusters. In order to show attraction and repulsion among them, we

use a ForceAtlas 2 Layout.The network, in Italy, is centered on a nu-cleus of Governative, Institutionals web-sites and Medical associations websites. On the edges of the network are represent-ed Media and Mothers websites.

Media

Mother

Medical association

Medical structure

Institutions

Religion

Foundation

Economics

Legal

Media

Mother

Medical association

Medical structure

Institutions

Religion

Foundation

Economics

Legal

18 •

1 • MOTHER & MEDIAThe two categories are strictly linked and com-municate mostly between

2 • NUCLEUSMoslty composed by in-stitutionals websites and medical associations web-

them. Their position on the edges of the network shows their marginality respect the nucleus.

sites, show several links also to medical structure, and foundation websites.

• 19


4 • RELIGIONIn Italy, religion websites ‘network is quite extended and branched. Although it rarely have connections with other categories.

3 • ALFEMMINILE.COMThis case represent the most relevant point of connections of the actors Media and Mother. This is possible thank to the pres-ence, in the “alfemminile.com” network, of a forum dedicated to women.

20 •


How actors communicate in France.

In the french network, as happens in the italian one, Mothers and Media are pulled on the edges of the visualization and have few or none connections with the sites of the nucleus.

It is mostly composed by Medical associa-tions websites with a low presence of Insti-tutional and Governative websites. The network appeares less crowded com-pared to the italian one.

Media

Mother

Medical association

Medical structure

Institutions

Religion

Foundation

Economics

Legal

Media

Mother

Medical association

Medical structure

Institutions

Religion

Foundation

Economics

Legal

• 21


6 • NUCLEUSIn France the center of the network is mostly com-posed by medical associa-tions websites. It is notice-able the presence of little clusters of Media and Law sites. On the other hand, the Institutional cluster is very little and marginal.

5 • AUFEMININ.COMAs “alfemminile.com” net-work in Italy, also in France this cluster is teh most relevant point of contact of the Media and Mother category. This is explained from the belonging of the two websites to the same web portal.

22 •


Visualizations show the general position of these main actors into the discussion net-work enlightening differences and affinities between Italy and France.

Talking about common grounds, Media and Mothers actors in both cases are located in a border position and communicate mostly between them. The maximun example of relationship is the international platform “alfemminile.com” and “aufeminin.com”.

The major differences are located into the nucleus of the network: in Italy, the centre is occupied mostly by Institutional websites and Medical associations; in France, still re-maining Medical associations, the presence of Institutions is lower.

In the french nucleus appears a category not represented in Italy, that is to say Law. On the other hand, in Italy is very extended, even if not strongly linked, Religion category.

03.3 Conclusions.

At the end, in Italy, a particulary interest-ing fact seems to be the central position oc-cupied by Institutions such as government and W.H.O. Even if the both of them took a strong posi-tion against c.s. and they are in the middle of the medical debate, the percentage of c.s. is constantly increasing.

• 23


The perceived image of C.S.

QUERIES CHOICE

CORPUS

Césarienne

Alchemy

Google.fr Google.it

300 urls

urls

Parto cesareo

automatic/manual cleaning

grouping by semantic areas

first 300 results

Image plot

images

GRAPH COMPARISON

Gephi

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

CORPUS300 urls

24 •

04. The perceived image of C.S.

• 25

The second part of our research report is focused on analysis of c.s. perceived image as it ap-pares from web pictures.

In order to define our images corpus two generic queries are inserted in national Google Im-ages: for Google Images France is choose the query “césarienne” and for Google Images Italia the query “parto cesareo” wich both translate in french and italian the term “caesarean section”.

From each research the first three hundred results are con-sidered, corresponding to circa the first fifteen Google Images pages. The number of pictures was high enough to give an exaustive idea of the kind of

images given by Google but not too heavy to be processed.In the meanwhile, while creat-ing the images corpus, all the relative URLs are savedin order to build with them two other corpus. Once finished this pro-cess, the research moves in two paralle directions: first are graphically compared the har-vested images and their rel-evance in the google ranking, sorting them by main subjects. Then, by analysing the URls, the research evidences the web-site categories where is possible to find these pictures and who are the authors of the websites. Finally, by extracting keywords from the URLs corpus, starts the analysis of the semantic as-pect of the research.

04.1 Introduction.

• 25

04.2 Ranking.Images classification.


1 • RANKING ITALYIn both cases all the im-ages form the corpus were put in a singolar sequence in order to give a general overview of the firs Google images in Italy and France.

2 • RANKING FRANCE

Those are, at a glance, all the first three hundred pictures that national Google Im-ages offers in Italy and France. After a compared analysis of all the har-vested pictures are recognised few catego-ries which are the same in both countries and can be used to sort and divide the cor-pus by their main subjects.

26 •

Categories.

Medical staffScientific illustration

VipsMother & Newborn

SurgeryPregnancy

Veterinary

Miscellaneous

Newborn

GraphicMother

Newborn & Medical staff

Pictures representing medical staff at work or in pose. Illustrations about C.S., delivery and pregnacy. They can be either drawed or 3D designed.

Pictures representing vip mothers, babies or families.Pictures representing mother with their newborn. They can be more or less realistics.

Picture representing phases of operation where the newborn does not appear.

Pictures representing mothers before delivery. Also medical staff can be present in this category.

Pictures representing animals or operations on animals.

All the pictures not included into the previous categories and not particulary relevants for the research.

Pictures representing newborn and babies in different situations. They can be more or less realistics.

Designed pictures with typography or graphs.Pictures representing women during or after delivery.

Pictures representing medical staff and newborn during or after delivery. They can be more or less realistics.

• 27



Ranking by category.

Macro Category “Emotional”.

3 • EMOTIONALThe macro category is comoposed by “pregnan-cy”, “mother” and “mother & newborn” pictures. It

contains the most touching images where womens are represented before, during or after the delivery and of-ten with their children.

In the italian corpus is easily noticeable a higher precence of images of the “Emo-tional” macro category. Expecially “mother & newborn” pictures are more common and more relevant in te Google ranking. Moreover, the others categories “mother” and “pregnacy” are quite similar in both of the rankings.

28 •

Macro Category “Medical”.

4 • MEDICALThe macro category con-tains “newborn & medical staff”, “medical staff” and

“surgery” pictures. It con-tains mostly technical or rough images, often report-ages in operating theatre.

In both of the corpus pictures of the “medi-cal” macro category are similary relevant. Even though is not possible to find very strong differences, in France the medical images seems to be a little higher in the Google ranking, expecially th ones from the category “surgery”.

• 29



Category “Newborn”.

5 • BABYImages category “new-born” is a medium be-tween “emotional” and “medical” groups. It is

composed by quite dif-ferent kinds of images: emotional and thechnical, rough and soft, realistic fictional.

Images from the category “newborn” are di-sposed in a similar way and their number is not that different. In Italy there is a group of images higher in the ranking but this is the only noticeable difference.

30 •


Categories “Vips” and “Veterinary”.

A Focus on France.

6 • VIPS AND VETERINARYIs interesting to focus on two important categories in France: “veterinary” and “vips”. They are very com-

mon to find in the images corpus and are quite rel-evant in Google ranking. The same categories, in Italy are definitely non so important and relevant.

• 31

Comparison in order by category.

Comparison in order by attendance.

Categories comparison.


Here is a global view of the images subject in Italy and France. In the first comparative scheme is possible to notice the main dif-ferences between the same subjects: the first important observation is the high-er number of “mother & newborn” in the italian corpus. In Italy is higher also the number of “surgery” images, even though their relevance is lower than the “mother & newborn” category. Other categories such as “pregnacy”, “new-born”, “newborn & medical staff” and “graphics” have quite the same relevance.

Beside, in France have a higher relevance categories such as “surgery”, “veterinary”, “vips” and “miscellaneous”.

The second graph shows the subjects in order by attendance. Is clearly noticeable a lower difference between the categories in France. On the contrary, in Italy is present a huge gap between most and least common subjects with a prevalence of “mother and newborn”, “pregnacy” and “newborn” cat-egories.

32 •

Category “Portal”.


04.3 Images and authors.Relations between authors and image content.

After analysing the subjects of the pictures corpus, is important to examine in depth which are the catego-ries of website which propose this kind of subjects and who are the actors behind the sites.

The corpus of URLs related to the images is divided into five categories: Portal, Blog, Digital Magazine, Regular Website and Image Archive.

Also authors are divided into ten categories: Indip-endent cityzen, Indipendent medical figue, Associa-tion of indipendent medical figures, Association of

indipendent citizens, Media company, Medical com-pany, Other companies, Medical institutions and News.

The dataset is visualized via Fineo tool to put in evi-dence, inside each website category, the connections between image subject and author.

7 • ITALY 8 • FRANCE

• 33


BLOG

BLOG

Category “Blog”.

10 • FRANCE

9 • ITALYThe Blog category is the most relevant into the corpus. Is important to un-derline the presence of au-thors such ad Media com-panies and Indipendent citizens associations.

34 •


Category “Digital Magazine”.


• 35


REGULAR WEBSITE

REGULAR WEBSITE

Category “Regular website”.

13 • ITALY 14 • FRANCE The Regular Website category is the most relevant into the fernch corpus. Here the main relevant authors are Media companies and also Medical companies.

36 •


IMAGE ARCHIVE

Category “Image Archive”.


04.4 Images characteristics.A qualitative analysis of images.

While analysing subjects, is fascinating the idea of an hypothetic bond between images main subjects, their colour and the emotion arouse.In order to visualize on a Cartesian plane all the im-ages corpus disposed by median hue and brightness of the single pictures, can be used the ImagePlot tool. By measuring eanch image, it offers a describ-tion of its graphic characteristics.

From the analysis of this kind of graph is clearly showed that images, in both countries, respect some

common criteria in the disposition but, at the same time, have some evident differences.

It is possible to associate subjects with hue and brightness ranges? Are those charachteristics rele-vant for the kind of message or emotion expressed by pictures? This kind of visual analysis tries to answer these questions.

• 37


Italian “Hue & Brightness” diagram.

17 • ITALIAN IMAGES: ImagePlot visualization

38 •


“Hue & Brightness” diagram per Macro Category.

19 • MEDICALMedical images are more dis-tributed all over the plan. Images near to the light red zone are more similar to the emotional ones.

20 • NEWBORNThis category is distributed in the green-light blue zone (mostly realistic and rough) but also in the light red zone (mostly emo-tional and soft).

18 • EMOTIONAL Emotional images create a crowded cluster in the light red zone. Here there are the mostly soft and fictional pictures.

• 39


French “Hue & Brightness” diagram.

21 • FRENCH IMAGES:ImagePlot visualization

40 •

“Hue & Brightness” diagram per Macro Category.

23 • MEDICAL

24 • NEWBORN

22 • EMOTIONAL


• 41


04.4 Blood images.An overview about images’ roughness.

An analysis of the link between subjects, hue, bright-ness and emotion expressed, is impossible in a scien-tific context because there are not objective motiva-tions. Although, is possible to define the roughness of the images sorting them by the presence or the absence of blood.

Underlining the percentage of “bloody” images on the general subject comparison, is easily noticeable how, in France, represented on the right part of the scheme, the images related to the query “césarienne” are definitely more rough than the italian ones.

25 • BLOOD PRESENCEThe graph propose a com-parison between italian images’ subject (on the left) and french images’

subject (on the right).In red, is underlined the presence of blood in the pictures.

42 •

Hue and blood presence.


26 • ITALIAN SUBJECTSFrom the scatteplot graph appears the fact that the percentage of “bloody” im-ages rises near the green-yellow zone.

27 • FRENCH SUBJECTSThe french graph, com-pared to the italian one, shows the higer percent-age of “bloody” images in the Newborn & medical staff subject.

• 43


Brightness and blood presence.

28 • ITALIAN SUBJECTSThe graph shows a an higher percentage of “bloody” images in the darker part of the graph.

29 • FRENCH SUBJECTSThe graph shows a an higher percentage of “bloody” images in the darker part of the graph even though the Surgery subject seems to follow the opposite trend.

44 •

04.5 Semantic Analysis.Introduction.

Last part of analysis focuses on the themes debated among the websites related to the pictures. Thanks to the use of AlchemyAPI tool is possile to extract from the corpus the keywords of discussion. After a digital work of cleaning, using Google Refine, and a conceptual syntheti-zation of the concept all the keyword are reduced in fifteen discussion topics.

With Exel is created a network of URLs and category and then the data are visualized via Gephi. Using Dual Circular layout all the URLs are disposed in a ring wich contains the discussion. On the other side, the topics are disposed in a ForceAtlas 2 layout whic underline at-tractions and repulsion between the issues of discussions

The final visualization shows, in this way, the relations between the topics and be-tween the topics and the URLs, sorted by website category.

31 • FRANCESemantic analysis of a corpus of 207 images. The different number of URLs is due to the cleaning of

30 • ITALYSemantic analysis of a cor-pus of 211 images.

the keywords: all the URLs with keywords with a low relevance were deleted.


Blog

Website

Portal

Digital Magazine

Forum

20%

31%

28,5%

19%

1,5%

Blog

Website

Portal

Digital Magazine

Forum

20%

31%

28,5%

19%

1,5%

Blog

Website

Portal

Digital Magazine

1%

31,5%

38%

29,5%

Blog

Website

Portal

Digital Magazine

1%

31,5%

38%

29,5%

• 45


Medical VS Emotional Issues.

General medical issuesGeneral emotional issues

32 • ITALY

33 • FRANCE

46 •

C.S. VS Natural Delivery.

34 • ITALYFor Caesarean Section is considered only Elec-tive c.s. The visualization shows a strong debate and contrapposition of the topics.

35 • FRANCEIn France the topics ar less relevant and not strongly linked as in Italy.


• 47


Malpractice VS Media.

37 • FRANCEIn France the topics are less relevant and less linked.

36 • ITALYTo represent Malpractice topic we crossed Mortality, Law and Medical structure.In the italian scheme top-

ics are strongly related between them and have a quite relevant position into the network of the dis-cussion.

48 •

Influence of Institutions and Associations.

Looking back at all the graphs, it is possi-ble to conclude this section remarking the great difference between Italy and France. From the quantitative point of view it can be noticed that the italian images are gen-erally more focused on the Mother and the Newborn while “Technical” images are not so relevant. Moreover the biggest part of the corpus comes from Blogs, often written by Media companies and Private citizens associations. On the contrary, in France, where there is not such a huge presence

of Mother and Newborn pictures, images mostly come from regular Websites, often managed by Media and Medical companies.

Moreover, in Italy, the percentage of rough images is lower than in France and is pos-sible to conclude that the perception of the surgical operation in Italy is not as strong as it is in France.

Althoug this first conclusions, the semantic analysis shows exactly the contrary: in Italy

the debate between c.s. and natural delivery is strong and more relevant than in France. Even Institutions and Association have a more central position into the debate.

In conclusion, remembering the power of images in the memorization process is pos-sible to state that emotional images are strongly linked to an higher percentage of c.s. incidence.

03.6 Conclusions.


39 • FRANCEAssociations and Institu-tions are not relevant in the topic debate and are pulled to the graph edge.

38 • ITALYThe graph shows a central role of Institutions ans As-sociations in the debate.

• 49

The controversy on the web

QUERIES CHOICE

CORPUS

Césarienne

Alchemy

Google trends.fr Google trends.it

Parto cesareo


grouping by semantic areas

10 more significant trends used as queries

Gephi

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

CORPUS


Gephi

Google.itweb research

Google.frweb research

GRAPH COMPARISON

Navicrawler

50 •

05. The controversy on the web.

Untill now the report under-lines the aspect of visual per-ception of the controversy. Al-though the perceived image of c.s. concerns also the awareness of web users about the topics linked to the dabate. Therefore, this third part of research is focused on the analysis of the controversial relation between users and W.H.O taking place on the web.

The research starts establishing a query corresponding to “parto cesareo” and “césarienne” put on respective national Google Trends. In a limited period, from January 2009 to January 2012, correlations among simi-lar conceptual words evidence an interesting network of re-

lated keywords. Considering the most relevant ten for Italy and France, a cor-pus of queries is defined to specify the terms of analysis. Each query is inserted in na-tional Google to find out and save the first ten URLs of the ranking. Then, the research gets into specific analysing URLs from a semantic point of view.

To conclude, the queries “Oms + parto cesareo” and “Oms + césarienne” are inserted in na-tional Google to build a cor-pus composed by the first one hundred URLs. This corpus is compared to previous italian and french ones to notice simi-larities in order to evidence the spreading of W.H.O. guidelines.

05.1 Introduction.

• 51


parto cesareo dopo parto

video parto

parto naturale video parto cesareo

post parto cesareo

taglio cesareo

cesareo programmato

dopo un parto cesario

youtube parto cesareo

epidurale

rischi parto cesareo

parto in diretta

parto cesareo anestesia

parto cesareo allattamento

partorire

parto gemellare cesareo

parto gemellare

pancia dopo parto

pancia dopo parto cesareo

secondo parto cesareo

rapporti dopo cesareo

parto in acqua

parto cesareo foto

dopo parto cesareo

gravidanza dopo parto

mestruazioni

ciclo dopo parto

dopo parto rapporti

dopo parto naturale

dieta parto naturale

sangue dopo parto

parto naturale video

parto naturale in diretta

parto naturale foto

parto in acqua

travaglio parto naturale

dolori parto naturale

taglio cesareo video

taglio cesareo programmato

cicatrice taglio cesareo

cicatrice cesareo

parto cesareo programmato

dolore parto dolore parto naturale

gravidanza

settimana gravidanza gravidanza sintomi

test gravidanza

calcolo gravidanza

ecografia gravidanza

video gravidanza

ovulazione

nausea gravidanza

aborto

dolori in gravidanza

forum gravidanza

alimentazione in gravidanza -

gravidanza cesareo

gravidanza dopo cesareo

cesareo seconda gravidanza

parto cesareo video

nascita cesareo

ostetricia

ginecologia

ginecologia ostetricia ostetricia e ginecologia

reparto ostetricia

universit ostetricia

ostetrica

ostetricia roma -

laurea ostetricia corso ostetricia

ostetricia milano

ostetricia torino

ostetricia padova

ostetricia bologna

test ammissione ostetricia

ostetricia bari

ostetricia firenze

ostetricia sapienza -

ostetricia modena ostetricia pisa

ostetricia palermo

ostetricia perugia

ostetricia brescia

ostetricia tor vergata

master ostetricia

ostetricia verona

ostetricia monza -

ostetricia parma

linee guida ostetricia -

mangiagalli ostetricia

scienze infermieristiche

ginecologo

ginecologia roma

ostetricia e ginecologia consultorio

mangiagalli ginecologia -

ginecologia perdite

ginecologia online

ginecologia torino

ginecologi bologna -

ginecologi padova -

forum ginecologia -

video ginecologia

ginecologia pisa -

ginecologia san ra�aele

fatebenefratelli

visita ginecologica

pap test

ginecologia oncologica

san camillo ginecologia

concorsi ginecologia

policlinico umberto

ginecologia parma

isteroscopia

douglas ginecologia

ginecologia pescara

ospedale padova

policlinico napoli

ginecologia treviso

ginecologo roma

ginecologo visita

video ginecologo

ginecologo online

ginecologo milano

ginecologo napoli

ginecologo torino

ginecologo palermo

ginecologo bari

ginecologo catania

ginecologo bologna

ginecologo firenze

antinori ginecologo

donne dal ginecologo

ginecologo risponde

moglie dal ginecologo

video visita ginecologo

racconti ginecologo -

ginecologo padova

ginecologo cagliari

andare dal ginecologo

mangiagalli

semprini ginecologo

domande ginecologo

ginecologo bergamo

endometriosi

ginecologo uomo scopata dal ginecologo

ginecologo maschile

ecografia ostetrica

ecografia

concorsi ostetrica -

ostetrica lavoro

clinica ostetrica

ostetrica roma

avviso ostetrica

avviso pubblico osterica

settimana ostetrica

visita ostetrica

paralisi ostretrica

ostetrica firenze

stipendio ostetrica

professione ostetrica

corso di ostetrica

diventare ostetrica

ecografia morfologica

clinica ostetrica padova

ostetrica privata

master ostrica ventosa

secondo cesareo

sesso cesareo

sesso dopo cesareo -

sesso dopo parto

sesso dopo parto

dopo il parto

post parto

mestruazioni dopo parto

il ciclo mestruale

tornare in forma

depressione post parto -

depressione

perdite post parto

dieta post parto

post parto parto

assorbenti post parto

pancera post parto

guaina post parto

pancera

sintomi post parto

ciclo post parto ginnastica post parto

esercizi post parto

fascia post parto

dolori post parto

crisi post parto

emorroidi post parto

mutande post parto

mestruazioni post parto

rapporti post parto

addominali post parto

05.2 Delivery words.Most significant trends.

The graph is a visualization of the related words to c.s. in Italy and France. After a Google Trends research, the data are refined in order to create a network. Data are visu-alized via Gephi with a Fruchterman Rein-

gold layout. The corpus of queries used in the future visualizations is based on these ten most relevant words. The diversities be-tween italian and french corpus correspond to user’s trends of web navigation.

1 • ITALIAN WORDSThe most relevant words choosen as queries are: Parto cesareo, Gravidanza, Ostetrica, Ginecologo, Gi-

necologia, Parto naturale, Cesareo programmato, Gravidanza cesareo, Post parto, Taglio cesareo.

52 •


cesarienne

apres cesarienne

accouchement cesarienne

accouchement

cicatrice

cicatrice cesarienne

video cesarienne

cesarienne douleur

ventre apres cesarienne

grossesse apres cesarienne cesarienne allaitement

cesarienne et grossesse

sport cesarienne

enceinte apres cesarienne

accouchement cesarienne video

risque cesarienne

bebe apres cesarienne

douleur apres cesarienne

retour de couche

video de cesarienne

photo cesarienne

cesarienne anesthesie

cesarienne en urgence

forum cesarienne

sport apres cesarienne

accouchement apres cesarienne

video accouchement

grossesse

apres accouchement

accouchement carla

date accouchement

carla bruni

carla bruni accouchement

accouchement video

enceinte calcul accouchement

accouchement en direct

douleur accouchement

accouchement de femme

declenchement accouchement

post accouchement lune et accouchement

pleine lune

contractions accouchement

signe accouchement

femme naturel

peridurale grossesse

provoquer accouchement

conge maternite

ventre aprsaccouchement

accouchement chat

position accouchement symptome accouchement

sport aprsaccouchement

accouchement e domicile regles apres accouchement

grossesse semaine

test grossesse

grossesse symptomes

calendrier grossesse

calendrier

doctissimo grossesse

forum grossesse

poids grossesse

calcul grossesse vetement grossesse

debut de grossesse

echographie grossesse

echographie

ovulation fausse couche

ma grossesse

grossesse nerveuse

nausees grossesse

saignement grossesse

contraction

grossesse extra uterine

evolution grossesse

toxoplasmose et grossesse taux hcg

perte blache grossesse

blog grossesse

regles et grossesse

terme grossesse

grossesse cesarienne

cesarienne programmee

femme enceinte

tomber enceinte

etre enceinte

carla enceinte

suis je enceinte

enceinte symptomes

beyonce enceinte

comment tomber enceinte

beyonce

bose

enceinte bose

test de grossesse

enceinte pc

enceinte sans fil

enceinte hifi

enceinte iphone

homme enceinte

enceinte ipod

photo femme enceinte

vetement femme enceinte

marion cotillard enceinte

marion cotillard

enceinte et regles

carla sarkozy

femme enceinte grossesse

ventre femme enceinte

video femme enceinte

alimentation femme enceinte

robe femme enceinte

symptome femme enceinte

femme enceinte nue

droit femme enceinte toxoplasmose

massage femme enceinte

jeune femme enceinte

cadeau femme enceinte

toxoplasmose femme enceinte

femme enceinte accouchement

blog femme enceinte

femme enceinte image

femme actuelle

femme enceinte avion

forum femme enceinte

sport femme enceinte

recette femme enceinte varicelle

mode femme enceinte

varicelle femme enceinte

seins femme enceinte

regime femme enceinte

fromage femme enceinte

femme enceinte nu

yoga femme enceinte

ventre grossesse

gros ventre

douleur ventre

grossesse douleur ventre

grossesse douleur

douleur ventre gauche

douleur bas ventre

enceinte douleur ventre

douleur ventre droit

douleur ventre ovulation

douleur estomac

douleur appendicite

douleur ventre enfant

fin grossesse grossesse douleur dos

grossesse douleur pubis

debut grossesse

grossesse douler ovaire

accouchement sans douleur

accouchement et douleur

apres accouchement douleur

contraction accouchement

douleur contraction accouchement

douleur avant accouchement

grossesse vaginal

grossesse prelevement vaginal

toucher vaginal grossesse

perte vaginal grossesse

prelevement vaginal

perte vaginal

sage femme

formation sage femme

ecole sage femme

devenir sage femme

sage femme salaire

ordre sage femme

sage femme accouchement

sage femme paris

etude sage femme

sage femme liberale

sage femme homme concours sage femme

conseil sage femme

emploi sage femme

metier sege femme

etre sage femme -

sage femme lyon

sage femme haptonomie

sage femme pmi

haptonomie

puericultrice

sage femme marseille

sage femme toulouse

sage femme montpellier

cadre sage femme -

sage femme rennes

sage femme grenoble

sage femme nice blog sage femme

consultation sage femme

prescription sage femme

preparation accouchement

accouchement domicile

gynecologie

gynecologue

service gynecologie

gynecologie obstetrique

gynecologie ludique

gyneco

cabinet gynecologie

gynecologie video

college gynecologie medecine gynecologie

gynecologie medicale

gynecologie examen

congres gynecologie

gynecologue paris

medecin gynecologue

gynecologue lyon

video gynecologue gynecologue marseille

gynecologue toulouse

gynecologue montpellier

gynecologue lille

gynecologue nice

gynecologue bordeaux

gynecologue homme

gynecologue strasbourg

gynecologue nantes

gynecologue grenoble

gynecologue rennes

gynecologue examen

gynecologue en ligne

gynecologue pour homme

tarif gynecologue

gynecologue nimes

gynecologue metz

gynecologue reims

gynecologue nancy

gynecologue caen

gynecologue obstetrique

gynecologue perpignan

gynecologue rouen

gynecologue annecy

gynecologue avignon

gynecologue orleans

accouchement naturel

accouchement naturel video

declenchement accouchement naturel

sexe grossesse

sexe bebe

grossesse sexe bebe

sexe bebe grossesse

semaine de grossesse

sexe enceinte

sexe du bebe

sexe pendant grossesse

sexe enfant

sexe enfant grossesse

calendrier de grossesse

sexe foetus calendrier chinois

calendrier chinois grossesse

connaitre sexe bebe

fille ou garcon

sexe du foetus

echographie sexe bebe

calendrier lunaire grossesse

sexe apres grossesse

date de grossesse

peridurale accouchement peridurale

sans peridurale

accouchement sans peridurale tatouage peridurale

anesthesie peridurale

anesthesie

douleur peridurale

accoucher sans peridurale

tatouage et peridurale definition peridurale

peridurale risque

obstetrique gyneco obstetrique

2 • FRENCH WORDSThe most relevant words choosen as queries are: Accouchement, Césari-enne, Enceinte, Femme

enceinte, Grossesse, Gy-nècologie, Gynècologue, Pèridurale, Sage femme, Sex grossesse.

• 53


Trend graphs comparison among correspective words

Ostetrica/ Sage femme

ItaliaFrancia GoogleTrends .it/.fr | jan 2009-jan 2012rese

arch

vo

lum

e

time interst

Taglio cesareo/ Cesarienne

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Parto naturale/ Accouchement naturel

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Dolore parto/ Douleur accouchement

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Gravidanza cesareo/ Grossesse cesarienne

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Gravidanza/ Grossesse

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Ginecologia/ Gynecologie

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Ginecologo/ Gynecologue

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Cesareo programmato/ Cesarienne programme

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Gravidanza dopo c/ Grossesse apres c

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Dopo cesareo/ Apres cesarienne

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Sesso gravidanza/ Sexe grossesse

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0



arch

vo

lum

e

time interst


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

54 •



arch

vo

lum

e

time interst


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0



arch

vo

lum

e

time interst


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0



arch

vo

lum

e

time interst


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

Jan.12

Apr.11Ju

l.11

Oct.11

Oct.10

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


Apr.10Ju

l.10

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Taglio cesareo/ Cesarienne Parto naturale/ Accouchement naturel

Gravidanza cesareo/ Grossesse cesarienne Gravidanza/ Grossesse

Cesareo programmato/ Cesarienne programme Gravidanza dopo c/ Grossesse apres c

Ginecologia/ Gynecologie Ginecologo/ Gynecologue

Dopo cesareo/ Apres cesarienne Sesso gravidanza/ Sexe grossesse

Dolore parto/ Douleur accouchement Ostetrica/ Sage femme

Italia

Francia

GoogleTrends.it/.frjan 2009-jan 2012

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Gravidanza cesareo/ Grossesse cesarienne Gravidanza/ Grossesse

Cesareo programmato/ Cesarienne programme Gravidanza dopo c/ Grossesse apres c

Ginecologia/ Gynecologie Ginecologo/ Gynecologue

Dopo cesareo/ Apres cesarienne Sesso gravidanza/ Sexe grossesse

Dolore parto/ Douleur accouchement Ostetrica/ Sage femme

Italia

Francia

GoogleTrends.it/.frjan 2009-jan 2012

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• 55


Media

Mortality

Law

Medical structure

Medical sta�

Sanitary System

Caesarean Section

Natural delivery

Maternity

General medical issues

General emotional issues

Vips

Institution

Association

Choice factors

Di�culty

Baby

Family

Media

Mortality

Law

Medical structure

Medical sta�

Sanitary System

Caesarean Section

Natural delivery

Maternity

General medical issues

General emotional issues

Vips

Institution

Association

Choice factors

Di�culty

Baby

Family

05.3 Semantic Analysis.Introduction.

The semantic analysis of this phase is con-duced exactly like the previous semantic analysis about perceived image.

Anyway in this case, the zoom is not con-duced as before. Now, instead of analysing relations among topics, the research gives attention to the discussion inside each main topic.

From the graphics below, the issues more interesting are Maternity and General me-dical issues for Italy and France as well. It is possible to suggest the user’s research on the web concerns mostly informative aspect of pregnancy and c.s. delivery.

A remarkable difference is the presence in Italy as third main discussion topic of Choi-ce factors. It shows a more active dialogue about c.s. controversies.

4 • FRENCH WORDSSemantic analysis of a corpus of 1395 URLs. The different number of URLs is due to the cleaning of the keywords: all the URLs with keywords with a low relevance were deleted.

3 • ITALIAN WORDSSemantic analysis of a cor-pus of 3884 URLs.

56 •


Blog

Website

Portal

Digital Magazine

Forum

20%

31%

28,5%

19%

1,5%

Blog

Website

Portal

Digital Magazine

Forum

20%

31%

28,5%

19%

1,5%

Blog

Website

Portal

Digital Magazine

1%

31,5%

38%

29,5%

Blog

Website

Portal

Digital Magazine

1%

31,5%

38%

29,5%

5 • TOPICSTopic of discussion in Italy and France ordered by relevance in the issue network.

• 57


Maternity/ Italy

Utero

Donna

Madre

Gravidanza

Contrazioni

Allattamento

Femminilità

Maternità

Nausea

Placenta

Ventre

Incinta

Choice factors/ Italy

Consigli

Sessualità

Complicazioni

Motivazioni

Esperienza

Cambiamenti

Fattori economici

Semantic Overview on relevant macro categories

“Maternity” in Italy.

“Choice factors” in Italy.

Maternity/ Italy

Utero

Donna

Madre

Gravidanza

Contrazioni

Allattamento

Femminilità

Maternità

Nausea

Placenta

Ventre

Incinta

Choice factors/ Italy

Consigli

Sessualità

Complicazioni

Motivazioni

Esperienza

Cambiamenti

Fattori economici

6 • TREEMAPSFocus on Maternity topic.Women occupy an extre-mely important role in the controversy issues. Each web research is verted on them, nothing connects to men or family members.

7 • TREEMAPSFocus on Choice factors. It is important to consider the necessity for users to be supported by someone in the choice.

58 •


Emotions/Italy

Psicologia

Emozioni

Depressione

Dolore

Fatica

Amore

General medical issues/ Italy

Epidurale

Medicina

Chirurgia

Anestesia

Cicatrice

Medicina

Post parto

Malattia

Podalico

Pre-termine

Urgenza

Emorragia

Infezione

“Emotions” in Italy.

“General medical issues” in Italy.

Emotions/Italy

Psicologia

Emozioni

Depressione

Dolore

Fatica

Amore

General medical issues/ Italy

Epidurale

Medicina

Chirurgia

Anestesia

Cicatrice

Medicina

Post parto

Malattia

Podalico

Pre-termine

Urgenza

Emorragia

Infezione

8 • TREEMAPSFocus on Emotions. The most important subcater-gory is Depression, mostly in post partum phase, that represents an increasing dangerous problem of contempory women.

9 • TREEMAPSFocus on General medical issues. Something relevant is associated to Anestesia: women are afraid of de-livery pains and Medical structure not always en-sure this kind of service in Italy.

• 59


Maternity/ Italy

Obstétrique

Gynecologie -Obstétrique

Docteur

Sage femme

Choice factors/ France

Consultations

Expèrience

Sexualité

Complications

“Medical staff” in France.

“Choice factors” in France.

Maternity/ Italy

Obstétrique

Gynecologie -Obstétrique

Docteur

Sage femme

Choice factors/ France

Consultations

Expèrience

Sexualité

Complications

10 • TREEMAPSFocus on Medical staff. The Obstetric is a funda-mental figure in the delive-ry process even more the gynecologist.

11 • TREEMAPSFocus on Choice factors. Living the delivery as a couple, Sex is a primal fac-tor of choice.

60 •


Emotions/France

Douleur

Positif

Nègatif

Family/ France

Parents

Père

Famille

“Emotions” in France.

“Family” in France.

Emotions/France

Douleur

Positif

Nègatif

Family/ France

Parents

Père

Famille

12 • TREEMAPSFocus on Emotions. Gene-rally, delivery is associated to positive sensations.

13 • TREEMAPSFocus on Family. Fathers and family occupy an im-portant role in delivery event.

• 61


05.3 URLs, categories, authors.Relations between sites and authors.

After analysing semantic main topics, the research focus on a website categorization on the model of the previous image con-tents categorization.

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62 •


14 • ITALY

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• 63


15 • FRANCE

64 •


• 65


Vips

16 • ITALYBlogs and Forums take part remarkably in the controversy discussion on the web, even if Portals mantain a predominant position.

66 •

17 • FRANCEBlogs and Forums are not remarkable present in the controversy discussion on the web.


• 67


05.4 Who talks about O.M.S?

•Italy.

Web survey.

In recent years, the guidelines about cesaren section proposed by W.H.O are considered, as institutional papers, a point of reference for sanitary systems and citizens. That is why, the attention of the research is centred on the spreading of W.H.O. guidelines on the network.

Introducing the queries “oms + parto cesareo” and “oms + césarienne” in national Google is build a corpus of the first one hundred URLs per country. After that the entire corpus is compared to the ones coming by the previous research to evidence similarities and relevance of the sites talking about W.H.O. in the issues network.

http://www.vitadidonna.it/gravidanza/4336-parto-cesareo-informati-prima.htmlhttp://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news//816786/Sanita---Oms-rivedra--quo-ta-massima-cesarei--15--parametro-sup-erato----.htmlhttp://www.gravidanzaonline.it/news/1058.htmlhttp://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/f483/__f1021_f483-Non-del-15-di-cesarei-per-l-oms-alias-who-twisted.htmlhttp://www.corriere.it/sa-lute/10_gennaio_12/cesareo-rischio-complicanze_4dc1822c-ff94-11de-a791-00144f02aabe.shtmlhttp://www.lavitaprenatale.org/oms.htmhttp://www.figliefamiglia.it/2011/04/parto-oms-meglio-naturale-anche-dopo-un-cesareo/http://www.blitzquotidiano.it/teatro/cesareo-parto-gravidanza-donne-oms-973706/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:FMXRzGKYmcAJ:www.who.int/pmnch/media/mnchnews/2009/pubblica-zionetagliocesareo.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&-hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjGEAJ5hbeE6fwdma5vcgVmrcsCnf-WSfGNDdN05GSF8BXS_tvXB3qJ5I1xNMmVkY-Ppcey5zmrJDXsCBsISN3vFZ0GnNuYW-kVa53NhqIPXj3VA7f2EfwbCyemPzt_U1yHrO92U&sig=AHIEtbTG94QUTIYU0H-Wcbn7X23QgeRTGwhttp://www.dolceattesa.rcs.it/2012/06/parto-cesareo-niente-bis/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:jHD27u9AAOgJ:www.ondaosservatorio.it/allegati/Progettiattivita/Pubblicazioni/Libri/Libro%2520bianco/Comunicati%2520stampa%25203%2520luglio/3lugliocheda3Particesarei.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg2FfD39YmI2Pn8JLP13nbzqc9k-5of1fN_o_WDK_M_HW3rqtu-9cRFYDIwYH4GO2-c1ugCv2vLAXTgFIF3x-iIWtr5xF9_c9dsZWLRZK3BjR_aO9fnC3zFc1zqkVuDKnP3xHUIys&sig=AHIEtbT3QXCZhzIjd8Ww7RF2qmPob9VDlwhttp://www.ondaosservatorio.it/elementi-pagine/37/it/altri-progetti/121/partnership-onda--omshttps://docs.google.com/viewer?

a=v&q=cache:lzgCidGz7F8J:www.ondaosservatorio.it/allegati/Proget-tiattivita/Altri%2520Progetti/2010/Comunicati%2520stampa/Comunicato%2520stampaCampaniaOMS.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShbV3bQ-igtRkiOcRuP7yM-9L4CGR66UOZe-Kzdo9c_EDl7jsC0OWd38RwYCR5qpfAFxp-EcAVUziI4IHxZXDE7f1R6iFE-7gfpVTDKz-2bP7LK3EagqOdL9XhigeDqDFsKbq7azk&sig=AHIEtbRr7G9F0SvvSxDpmDCM24Hj1KZ8WQhttp://www.mirorenzaglia.org/2011/10/lindustria-del-parto-cesareo-italia-prima/http://www.paginemamma.it/it/574/parto-e-nascita/partorire/detail_138045_parto-cesareo.aspx?c1=39&c3=8469http://www.mammapermamma.eu/2010/03/08/il-parto-naturale-dopo-cesareo/http://www.salute.gov.it/dettaglio/pdPri-moPiano.jsp?id=193&sub=5&lang=ithttp://www.doctor33.it/oms-verso-tasso-personalizzato-di-cesarei/politica-e-sanita/news-36839.htmlhttp://it-it.facebook.com/notes/informazi-one-libera/parto-cesareo-monito-del-loms/10150501028024154http://www.cronachelaiche.it/cl/2011/12/inchiesta-sui-parti-cesarei-monito-del-loms/http://www.tuttomamma.com/oms-al-lavoro-per-rivedere-i-tassi-relativi-ai-tagli-cesarei/19723/http://quimamme.leiweb.it/gravidanza-e-parto/parto/tipi-di-parto/articoli-2011/par-to-naturale-o-cesareo-30320426727.shtmlhttp://www.salutedomani.com/il_we-blog_di_antonio/2010/02/oms-in-arrivo-la-revisione-dei-tassi-per-i-cesarei-una-nuo-va-mozione-di-sigo-e-onda-per-il-governo.htmlhttp://www.adnkronos.com/IGN/Daily_Life/Benessere/Sanita-Oms-rivedra-quota-massima-cesarei-15-parametro-supera-to_312427014404.htmlhttp://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taglio_cesareohttp://www.donnamoderna.com/mamme/Gravidanza/parto-cesareohttp://www.latuaostetrica.it/gravidanza/gravidanza_raccomandazioni_OMS.phphttp://www.118pescara.it/oms_e_onda_

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invitano_a_contenere_i_parti_cesarei.htmlhttps://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:xiDYc8XXdcUJ:www.sanita.ilsole24ore.com/Sanita/Ar-chivio/Normativa%2520e%2520varie/Microsoft%2520Word%2520-%2520mozionetaglio.pdf%3Fcmd%3Da-rt%26codid%3D23.0.554729193+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgM_92Jr9Di__23VC02NcD0G7VLMTFKHId-eEbkh1XqR9xaFB9MNKVoq-CaB68u9DOQCJCnDD75oMeTI1evwzh-bOrSat8sKdKLoDXLsHl9iYkBo8o-eai-0zAazEjPQZmVZZOWfmS&sig=AHIEtbQ-EHM10PySMphFvctVFLFq4rSpiAhttp://www.paginemamma.it/it/574/parto-e-nascita/partorire/detail_138039_i-diritti-delle-partorienti.aspx?c1=5654&c3=8469http://milano.repubblica.it/cron-aca/2010/03/31/news/in_lombardia_un_parto_su_tre_col_cesareo_l_oms_la_soglia_ideale_del_15_per_cento-3048015/http://www.gynevra.it/news/News_1232-Cesarei_l’OMS_invoca_%22Solo_con_indi-cazione_clinica%22.htmlhttp://archivio.denaro.it/VisArticolo.aspx/VisArticolo.aspx?IdArt=588251http://salute.pourfemme.it/articolo/gravidanza-l-oms-incoraggia-il-parto-naturale/9545/http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2011/12/20/nascere/178715/http://www.mediapolitika.com/word-press/archivio/archives/9255http://www.bergamosera.com/cms/?p=65370http://www.freeall.epac.to/http://www.ondaosservatorio.it/allegati/Progettiattivita/Conferenzestampa/2011/7settembrecesareo/01%20-%20Comuni-cato%20Cesarei%20Def.pdfhttp://www.sanihelp.it/news/6811/parto-raccomandazioni-deloms/1.htmlhttp://www.sanihelp.it/news/13408/natu-rale-cesareo-parola-alle-donne/1.htmlhttp://www.amicidelbaretto.org/blog/tag/indicazioni-oms/http://mamma.pourfemme.it/articolo/par-to-naturale-o-cesareo-quale-scegliere/7617/http://www.lagravidanza.net/le-15-rac-comandazioni-delloms-per-la-partoriente.

htmlhttp://www.dica33.it/cont/fo-cus/1001/2200/cesareo-taglia-rischi.asphttp://ilfarodelsud.net/2011/10/18/allarme-oms-troppe-nascite-pilotate-e-cesarei-a-rischio-la-sicurezza/http://www.ioeilmiobambino.it/reparto-maternita/parto/cesarei-ancora-trop-pi-6071http://www.cronachelodigiane.net/article-oms-ridurre-i-cesarei-il-parto-naturale-senza-dolore-ora-si-puo-85781231.htmlhttp://www.tuttomamma.com/tag/taglio-cesareo/http://www.tuttosteopatia.it/nav/blog/b-osteopatia/gravidanza-2/aumentano-i-nati-prematuri-tra-le-cause-troppi-parti-cesarei/http://www.cronachelodigiane.net/article-parto-cesareo-a-lodi-sembra-un-trend-50752078.htmlhttp://www.mammaimperfetta.it/2012/06/06/cesareo-su-richiest/http://www.fanoinforma.it/Politica/art27304/7_ottobre_11/Fano_tagli_cesa-rei_nelle_marche_piu_del_doppio_rispet-to_al_limite_oms.htmlhttp://epidurale.blogspot.it/2010/07/ce-sareo-15-e-non-piu-15-ma-anche-no.htmlhttps://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:LoZufykaKaUJ:www.mammadoula.it/documenti/raccomandazioniOMS.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShDeAV-D9dR_yZTru1NqYQqGh-vpAksY5z4HZ4sJGjviW3D7BZRPS_C5JpK-gI3QHyBXPQ_bJwtxi2sM216-brm5wuDp-kt5WV3Y-Fwdau5rSepwwZncNaw2_Um-bIg_gkKDecNT5Q&sig=AHIEtbRlbKwlfcZy6iO6zEyDNoDnGGwbYAhttp://www.repubblica.it/salute/benessere-donna/gravidanza-e-par-to/2010/08/31/news/italia_record_di_cesa-rei-6648567/http://donna.tuttogratis.it/salute/parto-per-loms-meglio-quello-naturale/P175177/http://www.ilmessaggero.it/home_inita-lia/primopiano/in_italia_il_doppio_dei_parti_cesarei_il_38_contro_il_15_fissato_daloms/notizie/118532.shtmlhttp://www.tuttomamma.com/desper-ate-debra-simulatore-cesarei-emergen-za/25719/

http://mammavale.wordpress.com/tag/oms-parto-cesareo-episiotomia-epidurale-ossitocina-rooming-in-travaglio/http://www.lastampa.it/2011/07/14/scien-za/benessere/gravidanza-parto-pediatria/depressione-post-parto-in-agguato-dopo-il-taglio-cesareo-5cSDXvLemS9tKvvx-aFvWqK/pagina.htmlhttp://magazine.paginemediche.it/it/365/il-punto-di-vista/ginecologia-e-ostetricia/news/detail_127454_numero-di-cesarei-litalia-e-maglia-nera.aspx?c1=39&c2=399http://www.nostrofiglio.it/gravidanza/parto/parto-cesareo-o-no.htmlhttp://www.ilmiopancione.it/allattamen-to-dopo-parto-cesareo-oggi-si-pu/http://news.jbprof.com/tag/oms/page/2/http://notizie.tiscali.it/articoli/cron-aca/10/09/03/intervista-giovanni-monni-cesarei.htmlhttp://www.psicologiaperinatale.it/PP/oms_2.htmlhttp://www.periodofertile.it/gravidanza/parto-naturale-dopo-un-parto-cesareo-vbac-quando-e-possibilehttp://www.ondaosservatorio.it/allegati/Progettiattivita/attivit%C3%A0%20is-tituzionale/milano%202010/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20ducumento%20per%20la%20regione%20con%20suggerimenti.pdfhttp://www.nascita-nondisturbare.com/?p=35http://www.tantasalute.it/articolo/parti-cesarei-in-italia-se-ne-fanno-troppi/11141/http://donna.tuttogratis.it/mamma/depressione-post-partum-piu-a-rischio-donne-che-subiscono-taglio-cesareo/P210687/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:UA6Ic54qrjYJ:www.ondaosservatorio.it/allegati/Progettiattivita/attivit%25C3%25A0%2520istituzionale/milano%25202010/Comunicato%2520Stampa.pdf+oms%2Bce-sareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEES-jYOnY9mB0Nq_-Yey0wzArcdheNzrT2Pk4erVi15a2rt52fqioI8skRot54Oy2OX4t-HiSSHDv5dDg1t8wrQk0gTXXDRAbDRdNgMabgc-CSSNqtncFpfGzG0Gh2bKVyTqoRpw_zI&sig=AHIEtbSlCnMSmnRNkXUN02I5C1TnRrNJnQhttps://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:_7SpZuYciFEJ:www.ondaosservatorio.

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it/allegati/Progettiattivita/Pubblicazioni/quaderni/Lasalutematernoinfantilepar-tocesareo.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it-&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgjsdnQSQ2Cnxe4m8YiP8fxFUrpjcEXgDjYdjiD9GcRhilW3fY1Yoe8fwZYSjGUDGrR_m2rHocr-WhlzVNAx2_qhJKfY0Lx_Uidv_syH9J9uC5NaW2PZ6oDmzi6durg1KYGPgbiQ&sig=AHIEtbR_d3CdgLw8aGMjSpPx8Pkro7WtAQhttp://www.partecipasalute.it/cms_2/node/917http://www.tuttomamma.com/tag/parto-cesareo/http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/parti-cesa-rei-italia-record.htmlhttp://www.genitorichannel.it/gravidanza-parto/ritardare-il-taglio-del-cordone-nel-cesareo.htmlhttp://partonaturale.nelblog.com/parto-naturale-video/naturale-cesareo-parto-divide.htmlhttp://www.corsipreparto.com/raccoman-dazioni-oms_parto.aspxhttp://www.partonaturale.net/partonatu-rale/contenuto/la-petizione-pugliese-il-parto-casahttps://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:gsADRb0E--kJ:www.ostetriche.rc.it/portale/files/norma-tiva/20090729230714.pdf+oms%2Bce-sareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjsrFiqSdsxEfqJ0LaWW6VUaZlKlm-8JTG_ChV66NBniwEh-ov6wdnFR-Rm-t9YyK3PfSpiM8b9OvvNAnStg-VREqO7-kUkYKz6M_HI45AfJZfBVWNsN-Sv-LUClmPvXNBFRYdLUk&sig=AHIEtbRK42pB69A-C_juJnuGrt07D3i2_Qhttp://www.versounanuovavita.it/area_ris-erv/02_controlli_ed_esami/02_0605_rac-comandazioni_OMS.htmhttp://www.figliefamiglia.it/2011/10/maternita-in-aumento-i-cesarei-sono-il-40-dei-parti-italiani/http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/febbraio/09/come_Diminuire_Parti_Cesa-rei_Italia_co_9_100209010.shtmlhttp://noteesalute.blogspot.it/2010/01/allarme-delloms-il-parto-cesareo.htmlhttp://www.ariannaeditrice.it/articolo.php?id_articolo=40829https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:ndTpKp5OIKQJ:ondaosservatorio.

it/allegati/aree_interesse/pdf/TAGLIOC-ESAREOONDA.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=i-t&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShrrtJi6ZRoyCUoj3wsbiYFiDvmW1BM66RrzhYY2OQwD-3nTq3TUT7Op9ikNFFeUkBv9EanSkwPf-bFLgg5NNel7EBYVmI8F_ah6o5_U1z5cic5ulaeznaCEtpT3g6H3HOB4SJda&sig=AHIEtbRP3KuJhUMWLqK0T9M_z5bkTTnJ3Ahttp://www.genitorichannel.it/Gravidan-za-e-parto/Partorire-naturalmente-dopo-uno-o-piu-cesarei-VBAC.htmlhttp://www.mammapermamma.eu/tag/oms/http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/troppi-parti-cesarei-italiail-ministro-manda-i-nas.htmlhttp://www.professionemamma.it/professione-mamma/parto/142-gravidanza-e-nascita-dopo-un-precedente-taglio-cesareo-vbac.htmlhttp://www.corriere.it/salute/10_aprile_15/cesarei-uso-massiccio_6982c8cc-4846-11df-8e1e-00144f02aabe.shtmlhttp://donnagravidanza.forumfree.it/?t=23841301http://www.nostrofiglio.it/gravidanza/parto/parto-cesareo-guida-decidere.htmlhttp://www.giornalettismo.com/ar-chives/50680/parto-cesareo-diamoci-taglio/http://www.mammapretaporter.it/gravidanza/item/58-raccomandazioni-oms-sulla-nascita.htmlhttp://www.oltreilmakeup.eu/tag/parto-cesareo/http://www.figliefamiglia.it/2011/09/paura-del-parto-ed-e-corsa-al-cesareo/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:B1vA-uZKARsJ:www.arespuglia.it/upload/lg_n21b.pdf+oms%2Bc-esareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEE-ShYHrp7YlM9UGNPPuZMWKr-WNfxJQtL3cKDWFc1HUKdugrPpKSWqTPyhrtOLgfqx16BXJqbRyEXJ21pIY4duvNKQi3H7bd8rl-PomTOrJy4E0ybq8MmwwqYJFTND8K-zGj1OlWPC&sig=AHIEtbSokezntcYqtfkzEvdotICKOfDJZwhttp://www.uppa.it/dett_articolo.php?idr=14&ida=220&idb=67

•France.

http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/breech/acacom/fr/index.htmlhttp://www.cesarine.org/avant/etat_des_lieux.phphttp://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sariennehttp://accoucherautrement.free.fr/Recom-mandations-OMS.htmhttp://www.hellocoton.fr/nouvelles-recommandations-de-l-oms-en-matiere-de-cesarienne-719204http://www.medecinshaitiens.com/id51.htmlhttp://sante-medecine.commentcamarche.net/contents/accouchement/07_la-cesari-enne.php3http://www.famili.fr/,trop-d-accouche-ments-par-cesarienne-en-asie,360,60460.asphttp://www.doctissimo.fr/html/grossesse/accouchement/10327-cesarienne-france.htmhttp://www.slate.fr/story/48749/chine-empire-cesarienneshttp://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/f673/__f651_f673-Quels-sont-les-avantages-et-les-inconvenients-de-la-cesarienne.htmlhttp://www.top-bebe.com/en_attendant_bebe/la_cesarienne.htmlhttp://www.courrierinternational.com/ar-ticle/2010/09/06/la-cesarienne-une-affaire-de-confort-et-de-gros-soushttp://www.actusoins.com/7740/cesari-ennes-une-hausse-inquietante.htmlhttp://www.cesarienne.net/http://bresil.aujourdhuilemonde.com/le-bresil-champion-du-monde-des-cesari-enneshttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/CD004662_aba-lose_com/fr/index.htmlhttp://globometer.com/natalite-cesarienne.phphttps://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:hw5xngYh5zYJ:www.has-sante.fr/portail/upload/docs/application/pdf/2012-07/heterogeneite_des_pra-tiques_de_la_cesarienne_en_france.pdf+cesarienne%2Boms&hl=it&gl=fr&pid=-bl&srcid=ADGEESiOJEfDqtY1fKVREJzeXv5vGyxHl7-Ibzdz0svC7Y6yJiNvKifZuhfdzn

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yBJ_oG9X3_Z11MsRmUH43vCwazJ1sAO-ZLSv2zvrwqlV8jPWI9FYKDlPe3jXIbt7K-MQpQAMIphDZYHP&sig=AHIEtbR9xihu-I70U6pr8hN4uNklaWlfzQhttp://sante.lefigaro.fr/actualite/2010/11/21/10560-est-il-normal-daccoucher-par-cesariennehttp://www.lepoint.fr/actualites-sciences-sante/2010-01-15/les-risques-des-cesari-ennes-de-convenance/1055/0/413978http://www.allaitement-jumeaux.com/espace-allaitement/guide-allaitement/cesarienne.phphttp://blog.vietnam-aujourdhui.info/post/2010/01/13/Le-taux-de-naissances-par-c%C3%A9sarienne-anormalement-%C3%A9lev%C3%A9-en-Asiehttp://mamanantes.free.fr/accouch/cesa.htmhttp://www.magicmaman.com/,cesarienne-de-convenance-qu-en-penser,58,1902201.asphttp://www.bladi.net/forum/323910-ac-couchement-cesarienne/http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/CD004663_ab-alose_com/fr/index.htmlhttp://www.regardconscient.net/archi06/0610odent.htmlhttp://www.afriquinfos.com/arti-cles/2012/3/26/maurice-femmes-ac-couchent-cesarienne-199345.asphttp://www.gfmer.ch/Guidelines/Ac-couchement_post-partum_fr/Cesarienne.htmhttp://fr.ekopedia.org/C%C3%A9sariennehttp://devsante.org/actualites/naissance-par-cesariennehttp://www.aujourdhui.ma/maroc-actualite/societe/alors-que-l-oms-recommande-des-taux-entre-5-et-15-le-taux-d-incidence-de-la-cesari-enne-est-de-50-a-la-cnops-96431.htmlhttp://www.latribune.fr/depeches/associated-press/le-taux-de-naissances-par-cesarienne-anormalement-eleve-en-asie-oms.htmlhttp://fondation-mariewys.blogvie.com/2012/04/09/la-cesarienne/http://apps.who.int/rhl/hiv_aids/slcom/fr/index.htmlhttp://www.femininbio.com/sante-bien-

etre/conseils-et-astuces/mon-accouche-ment-assiste-la-cesarienne-61669http://www.journaldesfemmes.com/maman/grossesse/cesarienne/taux-en-hausse.shtmlhttp://www.lechiro.fr/blog/?p=363http://www.gyneco-online.com/obstet-rique/les-cesariennes-programmees-non-urgentes-augmentent-le-risque-de-besoin-de-ventilation-dhttp://maternilait.over-blog.com/article-les-chinoises-preferent-la-cesari-enne-42983737.htmlhttp://www.tranquillitesante.fr/actualite-sante/item/347-pourquoi-tant-de-cesari-ennes-?.htmlhttp://sasi101.blogspot.it/2011/12/la-cesari-enne-caesarienne.htmlhttp://www.commentguerir.com/article/cesariennehttp://maternagealgerie.over-blog.com/article-35855133.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/wkcom/fr/index.htmlhttp://www.maxisciences.com/b%E9b%E9/un-bebe-sur-deux-na-t-par-cesarienne-aux-etats-unis_art6621.htmlhttp://www.atoute.org/n/forum/show-thread.php?t=155736http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/CD004737_goonewardenem_com/fr/index.htmlhttp://www.edukeo.net/naissances-cesari-enne-a02448843.htmhttp://www.liberation.fr/vous/0101304009-trop-de-cesariennes-en-francehttp://www.santedev.org/biblio/index.php?dossier=cimO82http://apps.who.int/rhl/videos/fr/index.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/jgccom/fr/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/bulletin/vol-umes/83/6/stanton0605abstract/fr/index.htmlhttp://www.mamanpourlavie.com/grossesse-maternite/accouchement/cesariennes/827-taux-eleves-de-cesari-ennes-en-amerique-latine.thtmlhttp://sante-guerir.notrefamille.com/

sante-a-z/qu-est-ce-qu-une-cesarienne-o107424.htmlhttp://www.cesarine.org/pendant/opera-tion/http://accoucherautrement.free.fr/Cesari-enne.htmhttp://www.doctissimo.fr/html/sante/femmes/sa_770_nne.htmhttp://forum.doctissimo.fr/grossesse-bebe/cesarienne/cesarienne-rassurer-futuressu-jet_4831_1.htmhttps://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:iMYlm6Z5vboJ:www.cesarine.org/avant/Deux_fois_plus_de_cesariennes_en_20_ans.pdf+oms%2Bcesarienne&hl=it-&gl=fr&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjzwG6f1DNBnFkc-3y-PcoTYSDM1iWm4uAnim7VCkVsWLpgtP11teu37afBV_gSisO1jmsoucBr-FoZ3etPI6RXtCGiVlyWig4Qao_kvRBUmU-vMIn2omP0Cual_GxNaEBciCB0UD&sig=AHIEtbSKtJxucvl4hoTE4jQiJwsZENXFswhttp://www.cesarine.org/avant/urgence/http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/tlcom/fr/index.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/cd000163/fr/index.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/breech/acaguide/fr/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/7/11-093369-ab/fr/index.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/cd004662/fr/index.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/cd004737/fr/index.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/cd003516/fr/index.htmlhttps://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:0YbOAuB0Fi0J:www.afro.who.int/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_docman%26task%3Ddoc_download%26gid%3D6425+oms%2Bcesarienne&hl=it&gl=f-r&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiEBHUkRrDLKvJ8L5D3OUmn96URWFCyx8jHKZ3Q-v6ch81ilIKuBT2-a3rfSFcUUULtWJ4LeEEkHNhk-fNf-V2EuR7_84d-gBjyhiL5ctAeIzgxD43yQx64rSDUnfX6ZZVcpCPeb&sig=AHIEtbSThf

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EEbBxOGkFfl8qjXSd6iqVBQghttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/cd000085/fr/index.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/routine_care/CD006794_amorimm_com/fr/index.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/hiv_aids/slguide/fr/index.htmlhttp://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2010/01/15/01003-20100115ARTFIG00418-les-chinoises-preferent-la-cesarienne-.phphttp://www.cesarine.org/apres/bebe/http://www.cesarine.org/apres/maison/http://sante-az.aufeminin.com/mag/bebe-grossesse/d4105/x22526.htmlhttps://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:zO6k8I32J80J:www.has-sante.fr/por-tail/jcms/c_1297888/optimiser-pertinence-cesarienne-programmee-a-terme-2012-format2clics+oms%2Bcesarienne&hl=it&gl=fr&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg8fvtr-4BOP3Dzp-YdeRub4PXnXLzCezcA0YaU-ehDhKQW-cZS3W1ADGmtYutwO4K6OImaXa0iS-4q0rB1QBTRT9aRpO37FHcDh6OFdQ1y-i44e9OpQkt0xJXpn_vrioWvIX8yZsv&sig=AHIEtbSvZVuxgOvyxjclx5hj1ruuAnsmLwhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/breech/rlcom/fr/index.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/aabguide2/fr/index.htmlhttp://www.afro.who.int/fr/togo/press-ma-terials/item/4568-le-togo-%C3%A9value-la-mise-en-oeuvre-de-son-programme-de-subvention-de-la-c%C3%A9sarienne.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/cd004350/fr/index.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/cd000933/fr/index.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/breech/cd000166/fr/index.htmlhttp://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/f673/__f329_f673-Comment-negocier-une-vb-ap-une-cesarienne.htmlhttp://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/grosaccouchement/__f10332_grosac-

couchement--ma-gygy-veut-me-faire-une-cesarienne-programmee-cry-cry-cry.htmlhttp://forum.doctissimo.fr/grossesse-bebe/cesarienne/refuser-cesarienne-pro-grammesujet_4832_1.htmhttp://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/grosaccouchement/__f2929_grosaccouche-ment-Cesarienne-programmee.htmlhttp://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/f673/__f20_f673-Allaitement-interdit-en-cas-de-cesarienne.htmlhttp://www.babyfrance.com/actus-bebe/cesariennes-en-hausse.htmlhttp://www.gentside.com/insolite/la-rentree-scolaire-provoque-une-hausse-des-cesariennes-en-chine_art27087.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_child-birth/childbirth/caesarean/aabcom2/fr/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/1/11-090399-ab/fr/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/85/10/06-035808-ab/fr/index.htmlhttp://forums.france5.fr/lesmaternelles/Accouchement/cesarienne-naissance-sujet_740_1.htmhttp://forum.magicmaman.com/lanouvel-leaventuredelagrossesse/future-maman-janvier/cesarienne-sujet-323-1.htmhttp://www.libertasoccidentalis.org/?p=74917http://www.em-consulte.com/arti-cle/84866/article/l-elevation-du-taux-de-cesariennes%C2%A0-un-progres-nechttp://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/mamans11/__f13536_mamans11-Verdict-cesarienne-a-14h30-triste.html

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05.5 Spreanding of W.H.O guidelinesIntroduction.

After the comparison of the two list of URLs, in order to visualize how the us-ers deal with the spreading of news about c.s. information, the Gephi visualization of the network enlights the URLs which talk about W.H.O.

Through this visualization, it is showed the areas of the network where the users can get in touch with the W.H.O. guidelines. It gives an idea of the spreading of the aware-ness og c.s. in the web and among web users.

18 • W.H.O. AND ITALIAN NETWORKThe common URLs are:nostrofiglio.itdonnamoderna.comquimamme.leiweb.irit.wikipedia.orgpartecipasalute.it

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20 • OTHER SITESEven if few, the sites nos-trofiglio.it, donnamoderna.com, quimamme.leiweb.ir and partecipasalute.it have quite enough connection to enlight a big area of the network.

19 • WIKIPEDIAWikipedia is the most rel-evant cluster enlighted by the W.H.O. The Wiki site is maneged by an associa-tion of private citizens, so it does not represent the institutional voice.


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Introduction. 21• W.H.O. ANDFRENCH NETWORKThe common sites are: fr.wikipedia.orgsante.medecin.comment-camarche.ntdoctissimo.frcesarienne.net

Even if in Italy is observed a lack of institu-tional information, in France the situation appears worst.

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24 • DOCTISSIMOIt represents one of the most important media in the women panorama.

23 • SANTEMEDECINThis website has a mar-ginal position that border a small cluster.

22 • WIKIPEDIA

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Concluding the analysis, it is easily notice-able that the complexity of actors relations is not able to solve this kind of controversy. Often it is not unexpected that cesarean topics open the debate among members of the same professional categories.That is why the project of this research is to investigate many aspects of the same controversy in order to create a complete overview on this phenomena.

Anyway, as appears in this final chapter, one of the most clear problem is the difficulty of communication between W.H.O and web users. The research lead to final considera-tions related to country and institution.

On one hand, the analysis of the french network remarks a lower interest in which concern institutional presence and W.H.O. guidelines.On the other hand, the analysis of the ital-ian network shows a significant situation: Institutions, as actors, are central nucleus of interconnections and, on the contrary, have no power to vehiculate enough infor-mation about W.H.O guidelines.

At the end of the research, emerges that the visual aspects of c.s. delivery are such im-portant in mother final choice, maybe be-cause the controversy is superficially han-dled on the web.

05.6 Conclusions.

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06. Future develops

Due to the complexity of the controver-sy, even if the research has been as more exaustive as it could be, exist others lines of analysis.

The research underlined that W.H.O. docu-mentation is mostly expressed via papers and p.d.f files, so it could be useful to take into consideration this material in the anal-ysis to understand how users can arise their awareness about the controversy and to comprehend how this new awareness can influence the perceived image of C.S.

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