To Measure Not Model: Case Study -- Purdue University Center for High Performance Design at the Ray...
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TO MEASURE NOT MODEL:Case Study – Purdue University
Center for High Performance Design at the Ray W. Herrick Labs
I2SL Annual ConferenceSan Diego, CaliforniaSeptember 21-23, 2015
2015
Presented by: Dave Sereno, PE, LEED AP / Jeff Cappelle, PE, LEED AP
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Learning Objectives
Understand error margins in Energy Modeling and CFDs (Computational Fluid Dynamics)—and how they relate to both sustainable design and lab safety.
Understand Data Acquisition System Architectures—and the importance of ‘right tool for the job’ options/choices to be made early in a project.
Understand the keys to measurement, metering and baseline when predicting building systems performance.
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Presenters
Dave Sereno, PE, LEED APPrincipal
Jeff Cappelle, PE, LEED APMechanical Engineer
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Purdue UniversityCenter for High Performance Design at the Ray W. Herrick Labs
Photography ©Brad Feinknopf 2013
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Living Laboratories
Psychrometric Chambers Laboratory
Thermal Systems Laboratory
Air Quality Chamber
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An in situ HVAC research factory.
Thermal Systems Laboratory• Raw idea• Bench top• Still very much “what if” stage
Psychrometric Chambers Laboratory• Commercially viable• Test in 7,000 ft3 chambers• Precision energy balance is end goal
Living Laboratories• Four 20-person office suites• Highly reconfigurable• Dedicated empirical baseline• Quantifiable-primarily;
qualitative-secondarily
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VerificationLaboratory Program
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Site
Geothermal Borefields
Explosion Relief and
Fuel Storage Zone
Southern Quad
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Site: GeoExchangeNot Your Basic Bore Field
Informing geothermal model through measurement:
Test Ground Coupled Heat Pump Experimentally
Validate numerical models based on the test results
Develop a robust validated model
Analysis of the numerical models
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Suite of Delta T’s & The Carnot Efficiency
• Variable Refrigerant systems
• GeoExchange systems
• Energy recovery chillers
• Absorption chillers
• Stirling engines
• Chilled beams, chilled sails
• Radiant heating and cooling panels
• Compressor test stands
• Gas fired boilers• Heat pumps
Photography ©Brad Feinknopf 2013
ηTH, CARNOT = 1 -TL
TH
The Thermodynamicist’s Playground
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Purdue Herrick: BTU/Delta T Navigated Highway
Illustration © Affiliated Engineers, Inc.
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Living Laboratories
Concept: Four open-plan, occupied, side-by-side office spaces with reconfigurable envelope, lighting, and HVAC/comfort delivery systems and controls. The facilities allow independent monitoring and environmental control with occupant-environment interaction.
Features:• Two baseline labs. Two experimental
labs: hydronic and air.• Highly reconfigurable, modular construction• Rigorously instrumented• Dedicated baseline (aka “placebo” spaces)• Ease of device and instrumentation accessibility and changeover.
Modular, flexible and reconfigurable – comparison and evaluation of design and control options
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Living LaboratoriesHydronic Lab
Measurement and Verification
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Living LaboratoriesAir Lab
Measurement and Verification
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Displacement Ventilation
1. Fresher Air2. Personalized Cooling3. Quiet4. Energy Savings5. Interior Design
Living Lab (Hydronic) Living Lab (Air)
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Photography ©Brad Feinknopf 2013
Photography ©Brad Feinknopf 2013
Reconfigurable Double Skin Façade
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Living Laboratory, Airside
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ViabilitySustainability Submitted for LEED Silver; received LEED Gold
Blue is the new greenApproaching 50% annual reduction over ASHRAE 90.1
Energy Efficiency Water Efficiency
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Data Acquisition System Architecture
BMS*
*Proprietary: Fire Alarm, Lighting, Security
50% R&D
50%BMS*
CONTROL POINT VOLUME
Typical Physical SciencesR&D Lab
Typical R&D Lab/Office Building
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Controls: Languages Spoken
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Issues that Drive the Architecture
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BMS• Cost• Creature Comfort• Energy Management• Fault Detection• Maintenance Staff• Predictive Wet Bulb• Preventive Maintenance• Robust/Bulletproof• Trend Logging
PLC
• Integration• Safety
SCADA and/or Network Level• Business/Process Network • Display • Enterprise Network • Historian
U.U.T.• Automation• Creativity• Dexterity given to
Change• FDA• High Accuracy/High
Repeatability• High Sampling Rates 10
Hz, 10,000 Hz• IP/Control/Data Security• Legal/IP• Regulation• Software Maintenance• Synchronization vs Time
Stamping
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Purdue Network
Illus
tratio
n ©
Affi
liate
d En
gine
ers,
Inc.
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Air Quality Via CFD ModelingOptics Lab – Baseline
Baseline LayoutLaser Table Microenvironment Velocity Streamlines
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Air Quality Via CFD ModelingOptics Lab – Option 1
Velocity Section StreamlinesPerimeter
Supply
Central Return
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Air Quality Via CFD ModelingOptics Lab – Option 1
Velocity Profile Section
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Air Quality Via CFD ModelingOptics Lab – Baseline
Table Perimeter
Overhead Ceiling Supply Diffuser (Typ-2)
HEPA System Wall Return
Baseline Layout – Velocity Profile 9 Inches above Table
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Air Quality Via Empirical MeasurementAir Quality Chamber
Particle Image Velocimetry Measurement In PIV measurement, the air is seeded with tracer particles for flow visualization. The particles are sufficiently small to be assumed to completely follow the flow dynamics.
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Air Quality Via Empirical Measurement Current Subject Environment ExamplesInfectious disease air side transmission: e.g., Ebola, Measles
Clean Rooms: Biological, Semi-Conductor, Nanofabrication
Aerospace: Thermal comfort, humidification, cabin pressurization, air filtration
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Photography ©Brad Feinknopf 2013
Clean, Bright, Lines of Sight
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“Research in Herrick’s new facilities will attack some of the most daunting and complex problems confronting the world, such as rising energy consumption and environmental pollution, climate change, public health, comfort and security, and issues associated with an aging population.“
- Leah Jamieson, The John A Edwardson
Dean of Engineering/Ransburg Distinguished
Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering
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TO MEASURE NOT MODEL:Case Study – Purdue University
Center for High Performance Design at the Ray W. Herrick Labs
I2SL Annual ConferenceSan Diego, CaliforniaSeptember 21-23, 2015
2015
Presented by: Dave Sereno, PE, LEED AP / Jeff Cappelle, PE, LEED AP
QUESTIONS