Tmote Invent User Guide

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2006 Moteiv Corporation

Tmote Tools Installation

NOTE: If you have previously installed TinyOS or Cygwin, either from aprevious Moteiv installer, from another vendors installer, or on your ownaccord, we recommend you remove all previous TinyOS and Cygwin in-stallations before proceeding. See page 20 for more information.

Please place the Tmote Tools CD into your computers CD-ROM drive.After a few moments, the Moteiv Tmote Tools Setup Wizard will display:

Please click Next.

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Moteivs software is distributed under the Moteiv Public Software Li-cense. Accept the terms of the license agreement and click Next.

Please select the Typical installation option.


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Simply click Install.

.

The Moteiv Tmote Tools installer will begin installation and configurationof your system.

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First, the Cygwin Setup window will appear and will take a few minutes toinstall all of the necessary packages.

After Cygwin Setup is complete, the Java platform is installed. Acceptthe Sun Microsystems license agreement and click Next.


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Choose additional Java installation options if desired, and then clickNext.

The Java installer will proceed to install and configure Java.

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Upon completion of the Java installation, click Finish.

After Java is complete, the Moteiv Tmote Tools Setup Wizard will installand configure the tools required to develop and run applications usingthe TinyOS open source operating system. Please be patient as all ofthe files are installed and server tools are compiled.


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Following installation of the TinyOS tools, the Moteiv Tmote Tools SetupWizard installs and configures Boomerang by Moteiv. This is Moteivsdistribution of the TinyOS operating system that includes extended APIsupport, example applications, and additional development tools.

Congratualations! Installation of Moteivs Tmote Tools is complete!Please proceed to the next section to start building applications withMoteivs Tmote devices.

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Tmote Invent ApplicationsNow that Moteivs Tmote Tools and the TinyOS development environ-ment are installed on your system, lets explore wireless sensor network-ing with Tmote Invent.

Charging indicatorReset button

User button

SpeakerMicrophone

Light sensor

Headphone jack

LEDsStrap hook

Remove the Tmote Invent units from the packaging. Turn the units on by

pressing the Reset button, shown in the picture above. Plug one of theunits into your USB port.

If Windows displays the Found New Hardware Wizard, select Installfrom a list or specific location (Advanced) then Next. When prompted,select only Include this location in the search then click Browse. Se-lect the USB Serial Driver folder from the Tmote Tools CD, click OK,then Next. Windows installs the driver files, completing the installationfor Tmote as a USB Serial Port.


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NOTE: To turn on Tmote Invent, press the Reset button. The LEDs willperform a 3-2-1 countdown indicating that the device is on. To turn of fTmote Invent, press and hold the User button. While holding the User but-

ton, press and release the Reset button. The LEDs on Tmote Invent withfade from full brightness to off, indicating the device has powered down.

Now that your Tmote Invent units are on and one is connected to the PC,run the Moteiv Trawler application. Trawler is installed on your desktopby the Moteiv Tmote Tools Setup Wizard.

When Trawler starts, it will begin the process of establishing an ad-hocmesh network and display the network topology on the screen.

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Be patient, it may take several minutes for the entire network to comeonline and establish stable, reliable routes to the Tmote Invent deviceconnected to your PC.

Trawler includes a number of features to assist with standard data collec-tion applications. By clicking on the Sensor readings tab, Trawler dis-plays the temperature values coming from the nodes in the network.

Zoom in to the data by pressing the Zoom In and Zoom Out buttons.You can scroll up, down, left, and right using the arrow buttons on thebottom right of the display. You can also use your mouse to select aregion on the graphTrawler will zoom in to display the data selected.


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Now, click on the links tab. This display assists with network commis-sioningyou can determine if the link quality between nodes is ex-tremely low, you may need to move the node or add additional nodes tothe network that participate in the mesh.

You can log the data readings to a file by clicking on Log Packets in theVizualization Controls sidebar. If you cannot find the VizualizationControls, minimize Trawler. Sometimes the controls are hidden by themain Trawler window.

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Tmote Invent includes a few other applications, pre-installed on theTmote Invent devices. To access these applications, first open a cygwinshell by clicking on the Cygwin icon installed on the Windows Desktop.

First, find out which port Tmote Invent is connected. Simply typemoteliston at Cygwin command prompt.

In this example, Tmote Invent is connected to the PC using COM4, with

serial numberM4A663KN. You will need to know which communication

port is assigned to your Tmote Invent unit in order to communicate withit; use themotelistcommand after connecting each Tmote Invent to

identify its communications port.

To query the other applications pre-installed on Tmote Invent, run theDeluge application using the following command at the Cygwin com-mand line:

Where you must replace COM4with the communications port returned by

themotelist command in the step above. Deluge returns a descrip-

tion of the images pre-installed on Tmote Invent, as shown on the nextpage.

$ motelistReference CommPort Description

---------- ---------- ------------------------------M4A663KN COM4 tmote invent

MOTECOM=serial@COM4:telos java net.tinyos.tools.Deluge -p


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Uninstalling and Upgrading

If you have previously installed TinyOS or Cygwin, either from a previous

Moteiv installer, from another vendors installer, or on your own accord,we recommend you remove all previous TinyOS and Cygwin installa-tions before proceeding.

Uninstalling Cygwin

Cygwin provides no method for convenient uninstall. The following stepsare usually sufficient to remove Cygwin from your system:

Close all Cygwin applications and services Delete or rename the following keys in the registry by invoking

RegEdit or RegEdt32o HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Cygnus Solutionso HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Cygnus Solutions

Delete or rename your Cygwin install directory, which defaults toc:\cygwin

Uninstalling TinyOS

If you installed TinyOS with an installation utility, just run its associateduninstaller.

If not, you must manually uninstall any tinyos, nesc, and msp430RPMs. Discover which RPMs are installed by starting a Cygwin shelland running the command rpm -qa. Remove packages with the com-

mand rpm --erase --nodeps [package1] [package2] [].

Here is a sample list of RPMs that may be installed, though the particu-

lar packages and versions installed on your computer may differ:

tinyos-tools-1.2.1-3msp430tools-binutils-2.16-20050607make-3.80tinyos-1msp430tools-python-tools-1.0-1tinyos-javacomm-1.0.0-1tinyos-moteiv-2.0.1-1nesc-1.2.4-1msp430tools-base-0.1-20050607msp430tools-gcc-3.2.3-20050607


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msp430tools-libc-20050308cvs-20050608mspgcc-win32tinyos-20041204-2tinyos-1.1.15Dec2005cvs-1

Upgrading Cygwin

Moteiv only supports the version of Cygwin installed by Moteiv TmoteTools. However, any version of Cygwin installed or updated since De-cember 2004 should be compatible, although Moteiv does not supportuser-installed Cygwin installations. The following Cygwin packages areinstalled by the Moteiv Tmote Tools CD, and are the minimum requiredto install TinyOS and its related tools:

Upgrading TinyOS

Moteiv Tmote Tools installs new versions of the compilers and tools usedby TinyOS. You may be able to directly upgrade an existing TinyOSinstallation using the Moteiv Tmote Tools CD, although you will be onyour own if something does not work.

ash autoconf autoconf-devel autoconf-stable automake auto-make-devel automake-stablebase-files base-passwd bash binutils bison bzip2crypt ctags cvs cygipc cygrunsrv cygutils cygwindiffutilseditrights emacs expatfile fileutils findutils flexgawk gcc gcc-core gcc-g++ gcc-mingw gcc-mingw-core gcc-

mingw-g++ gdb gdbm gettext gperf grep groff gzipless libbz2_1 libcharset1 libdb4.2 libgdbm libgdbm-devellibgdbm3 libgdbm4 libgettextpo0 libiconv libiconv2 libintl1libintl2 libintl3 libncurses5 libncurses6 libncurses7

libncurses8 libpcre libpcre0 libpopt0 libreadline4 libread-line5 libreadline6 login

m4 make man mingw-runtime minires mktemp morenano ncursesopenssh openssl

patch patchutils perl perl_manpages postgresql pythonrcs readline rpm rpm-build rpm-doc rxvtsed sh-utilstar tcltk tcsh termcap terminfo texinfo textutils timeunzipvimw32api wget which

zip zlib

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Tmote Invent HardwareTmote Invent builds on the Tmote Sky platform by adding a number ofsensors used in common applications of WSN: the device can sense

light, temperature, acceleration, and sound. Tmote Invent is equippedwith a full dynamic range speaker that allows for reproduction of voice-quality sounds. The device integrates a high capacity lithium ion batterythat can be recharged via USB. Tmote Invent also supports a number ofinteractions with a user via a programmable user button and statusLEDs.

Module overview

Charging indicatorReset button

User button

SpeakerMicrophone

Light sensor

Headphone jack

LEDsStrap hook

Figure 1 : Tmote Invent components


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Schematic

CCVDKCT

TESER

SMT

IDT

ODT

+BSU+ttaB

GHC

GHC

+BSU

+BSU

+ttaB

+ttaB

CCVD

+BSU

+BSU

GHC

SMT

IDT

ODT

KCT

yrettaB+iLredaeHGATJ

DELrotacidnIegrahCrellortnoCegrahC

tneserPBSUnehwyrettaBdaolnU

0742R 0742R

0743R 0743R

11

2 2

33 4 4

55

6 6

77

8 8

8U

mm2-redaeHnip8

8U

mm2-redaeHnip8

2C

u1

2C

u1

2 4

5

3

3U

CVL47NS

3U

CVL47NS

1

3

2

1Q

F30P16MXZ

1Q

F30P16MXZ

+ 1

- 2

1U

NNOC_RWP

1U

NNOC_RWP

CD4

BSU1

TAB 5

GHC 3

DNG 2

0U

5551XAM

0U

5551XAM

1

2

3

4

1D

DEL0121neerG/deR

1D

DEL0121neerG/deR

1Cu11Cu1

1Rk001

1Rk001

Battery characteristicsParameter Value Units Notes

Voltage range 3.0-4.2 V

Average voltage 3.7 V

Nominal capacity 750 mAh C/5 discharge, 25 CMax. discharge rate 750 mA continuous

Weight 16.5 g

Self discharge 500 150mA discharge to80% initial capacity

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Figure 2: Rechargeable battery characteristics.

Tmote Invent is equipped with a lithium ion rechargeable battery. Figure2 shows the various characteristics of the battery, which is rated to hold

80% of its initial capacity for over 500 cycles. The voltage ranges be-tween 3.0 and 4.2V: the voltage region from 85% of remaining capacityto about 95% of remaining capacity is relatively flat as the voltage fallsfrom 3.9V to 3.6V. The battery voltage may have a significant impact onthe sensor performance, the user may need to consider whether the im-pact of this 10% variation is significant. The battery voltage will alsochange based on temperature, and the change is greater at small re-maining capacities. When the device is plugged into the USB, the batteryis charged at a rate of 80 mA; the charge conditioning is controlled via adedicated battery charger chip, the MAX 1555. When Tmote Invent ispowered via USB, the supply voltage to Tmote Invent is 3V. When thedevice is unplugged from the USB, occasionally the voltage transientsmay lead to a brown-out reset of the device.


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Light sensorTmote Invent incorporates a high dynamic range light sensor that pro-vides usable signal in both indoor and outdoor conditions. The spectral

response is close to that of a human eye, and varies little across lightsources with constant illuminance but variable color temperature. Thelight sensor may be used for light level measurements, lighting control,as well as for user input.

Electrical and optical characteristicsParameter Value Units Notes

Spectral response range 320-820 Nm

Peak sensitivity 560 Nm

Photocurrent 0.3 mA 100 lx illumination, 2856KResolution 8.2*10

-6 lx

Power dissipation 75 mW Max, 5V, bright sunlight

Operating temperature -30 to +85 C

Storage temperature -45 to +85 C

SchematicnO_otohP

tuO_otohP

ccV

nO_otohP

tuO_otohP

LCS_C2I

ADS_C2I

lR,rotsiserelbairavdellortnoc-C2IE2x0=0111010:sserddA

ehtstsujdagnittesehtgnignahC-tucehtdna,tuodaerehtfo"niag"

ycneuqerfffo

yksetomtot,subC2ItnemelegnisneS

retlifssapwoL:ycneuqerfffo-tuC)lR*Fu01*ip*2(/1=cf

05Cu0105Cu01

2

1

05D

10-7609S

05D

10-7609S

15R

0

15R

0

ddV 1

DNG 2

LCS3

ADS4

W 5

A 6

39U

k01-7425DA

39U

k01-7425DA

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Theory of operationThe photo-sensing IC integrates two active areas on the chip. One arearesponds to the visible and near infrared segment of the spectrum and isused for signal detection. The second area only responds to infrared

light, and is used for output signal correction. The difference betweenthese two signals is equal to almost exactly the spectrum visible to ahuman eye. That difference is amplified by an internal current amplifier;the resulting signal is comparable to those from phototransistors. Theoutput current is run through an I2C-controlled variable resistor. Bychanging the value of that resistor, the user can adjust the load on thecircuit and adjust the voltage output that is measured by the system.The resistor has 256 equally spaced settings that take on values from 0to 10KOhms. To obtain the photo current in mA from the ADC reading

and the tap of the potentiometer, the following formula should be used:

tap

lP

ADCI

=160

5.1

where the ADC is the number obtained from the onboard analog to digi-tal converter (a number between 0 and 4095), and P tapis the tap settingof the variable resistor (a number between 0 and 255). When the ADCcount is low, user software should increase the tap of the variable resis-tor, thereby increasing the gain on the output.


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In Tmote Invent the compression ratio is controlled via an I2C-controlledpotentiometer. The compression will not affect the gain at the VRP, butwill have a great effect on amplification of low signals. Figure 6 showsthe effects of different compression ratios on the amplification.

INPUT dB

BdTUPTUO

VDE VRP

15:1

5:1

2:1

1:1

1

1

VCA GAIN

INPUT dBV

0

8080 70

VBdTUPTUO

60 50 40 30 20 10

10

40

50

60

70

20

30

TA= 25 C

V+ = 3V

RL= 100kROTATION POINT = 63mV rmsNOISE GATE SETTING = 1 .4mV rms

COMPRESSION RATIO 1:1




Figure 6: Effects of varying the compression ratio (schematic viewand measurement).

For ratios above 1.2:1, the compression ratio r:1 is related to the potenti-ometer tap setting Ptapvia:

2.1256

50

+

= tapP

r

The noise gate threshold VDEis set via an I2C controlled potentiometer.The threshold may be set between -40 and -55 dBV. Figure 7 illustratesthe effect of different settings of noise gate threshold. The threshold set-ting is inversely proportional to the resistance RWBof the I2C-controlledpotentiometer: at a tap setting of 0 the threshold is set to approximately

10 mV RMS, and at tap setting of 128 (5 k) the threshold is set at ap-proximately 1mV. It is not recommended to use potentiometer settings

above 128; at those settings the noise floor is over-amplified beyond thedevices limits causing problems. Table 2 summarizes the most com-monly used settings.

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VCA GAIN

INPUT dB

Bd

TUPTUO

VDE1

VRPVDE3

VDE2

1

1

r:1

RGATE

100

10

10 3,500500

smrVmETAGESION

1,000 1,500 2,5002,000 3,000

TA= 25 C

V+ = 3VRLOAD = 100k

COMPRESSION RATIO 2:1ROTATION POINT = 63 mV rms

Figure 7: Effects of varying the noise gate (downward expansion)threshold (left). The relationship between RGATEand the noise gate

setting (right).

Compression ratio Value of RWB Pot setting Max. gain

1:1


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the power amplifier draws about 3.3 mA. Both the maximum power out-put and the current drawn by the amplifier depend on battery voltage,Figure 8 details that dependency. When actively amplifying the signal,the system shares the inefficiencies of all Class-AB amplifiers. The am-

plifier efficiency is related to the power delivered to the speaker PLbythe formula

CC

LL

V

RP

4

2=

Tmote Invents speaker presents a load RLof 8. The power is related tothe peak voltage by

L

PeakL

R

VP

2

2

=

The amplifier efficiency is proportional to the peak voltage. The energynot converted to sound is dissipated as heat. At its peak, with the peakvoltage of 2.3V, the power amplifier dissipates 0.33W as heat; tempera-ture sensitive applications may need to account for the resultingchanges.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5

RL= 8

THD+N = 1%

f = 1 kHz

Mode = Mono

AV= 8 dB

rewoPtuptuO

W

OUTPUT POWERvs

SUPPLY VOLTAGE

PO

VDD Supply Voltage V

Figure 8 : Output Power and Supply Current as a function of SupplyVoltage

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5

tnerruCylppuS

Am

SUPPLY CURRENT

vs

SUPPLY VOLTAGE

IDD

VDD Supply Voltage V

TA= 25 C

Bypass = VDD/2 VDC

VDD From Low-to-High LevelMode = Stereo

RL= Open

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AV= 8 dB

20 100 1k

N+DHT

esioNsulPnoitrotsiDcinomraHlatoT

%

f Frequency Hz

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE

vs

FREQUENCY

1

10k 20k

0.1

0.01

0.001

VDD= 3 V

PO= 250 mW

RL= 8

Mode = Mono

Figure 9 : Total Harmonic Distortion plus Noise as affected by fre-quency and output power

0.01 0.1

10

1

1

0.1

0.01

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE

vs

OUTPUT POWER

PO Output Power W

N+DHT

esioNsul

PnoitrotsiDcinomraHlatoT

%

20 kHz

20 Hz

1 kHz

15 kHz

VDD= 3 V

RL= 8

Mode = Mono

AV= 2.5 dB


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Notes

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General Information

Document HistoryRevision Date Notes1.0 2006/02/27 Initial Release

Address Information

Web site: http://www.moteiv.comE-mail: [email protected] Support Web site: http://www.moteiv.com/support.phpTechnical Support E-mail: [email protected]

Phone Number: +1.415.692.0960Fax Number: +1.415.358.4872

HeadquartersMoteiv Corporation55 Hawthorne St, Suite 550San Francisco, CA 94105

Tmote Invent User Guide

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