TM sk1.docx
-
Upload
nazzarramdhagama -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
0
Transcript of TM sk1.docx
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
1/25
NAZZA R RAMDHAGAMA
1102014190
SASARAN BELAJAR
LI. 1 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN MENGENAI ANATOMI SALURAN
PERNAPASAN ATAS
LO.1.1 MAKROSKOPIS
LO.1.2 MIKROSKOPIS
LI.2 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN MENGENAI MEKANISME
PERTAHANAN SALURAN NAPAS ATAS
LO.3.1 FUNGSI
LO.3.2 MEKANISME
LI.3 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN MENGENAI RHINITIS ALERGI
LO.4.1 DEFINISI
LO.4.2 ETIOLOGI
LO.4.3 EPIDEMIOLOGI
LO.4.4 KLASIFIKASI
LO.4.5 PATOFISIOLOGI
LO.4.6 MANIFESTASI KLINIS
LO.4.7 DIAGNOSIS & DIAGNOSIS BANDING
LO.4.8 PENATALAKSANAAN
LO.4.9 KOMPLIKASI
LO.4.10 PROGNOSIS
LI.4 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN ADAB BERSIN DALAM ISLAM
0
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
2/25
LI. 1 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN MENGENAI ANATOMI SALURAN
PERNAPASAN ATAS
LO.1.1 MAKROSKOPIS SALURAN PERNAPASAN ATAS
1. HIDUNG
O!"# $%"'" ("#! )%*+#!,- "/"' ,"/+"# #"$",. T%"$" %,-)+/+' #",- ("#!%"$" -/-" "," ("#! )%*+#!,- ,%)"!"- ,"-#!"# +"". B"!-"# "/"' #!!" -+#! ""%)%#+ %#!"# ("#! -,%)+ "+' #",- '+/"- "- #"%, "#%- ,"'$"- % #"%,
$,%- /"/+ % #",*"-#!.
S%" "#"" %+" #!!" -+#! -)"",- -#-#! ("#! )%","/ "- +/"#! "#'++," ("-+ ,%$+' #",- ("#! -)%#+ /% ". "-/"! ,%$- #",
). O, '%.L"'-#" $%$%#-+/"-, , %'-"/-,
D-#-#! ,+$%- #!!" -+#! ,%'$- -)%#+ /"'-#" -)*'-, %'-"/-,("#! '%'-,""# #!!" %#!" %#!"# #!!" -+#!. D-#-#! -#*%- -)%#+ ,'"-//" "# , $"/"-#+'.
Ukura Par!"k#$ D"%ar"& O$#'
: 10 ;'
@ 2 ;' P"+?$"+ =,%/ /%+,- "# %#%/-"/ $"+>
A" 2 "" $%'%-,""# -+#! ("-+ -#,$( "#%- "# $,%-. P"" "#%- -"+' #",- - ,-,- /"%"/ %"$" #" #","/-, ("#! %)%#+ "- +/"#! -$-, "# -++$-'+," ("#! '%#!%/+""# /%#- "# - '%-"/ %/-" -#-#! ,%$+' #",-. P"" $,%-"$" %/-" #",*"-#! "#"% )"!-"# ++#! )%/""#! #"% #","/-, '%-" "# -#*%-
+!" %/-" OPTA ("#! )%+)+#!"# %#!"# %/-#!".U"" ("#! --+$ '%/"/+- -+#! ""# '%#!"/"'- -!" "/
• D-"#!""#• D-,"-#!• D-/%')")"#
K%-!" "/ - "", '%+$""# *+#!,- +"'" "- ,%/"$+ /%#- %,$-",- ("#! %--"", P,%,"*-% -/-"% /+'#" E$-%/-+' ("#! )%*+#!,- '%#!!%""# $"-%/? $"-%/ "/+, % "" *"-#! ,%"#!"# $"-%/ ("#! )%," ""# -,"-#! /% )+/+ -+#!,%/ !/)% "# %/%#" ,%+, ("#! )%*+#!,- '%/%')")"# +"" ("#! '",+ $%')+/+"" ("#! )%*+#!,- '%#!"#!""# +"". K%-!" "/ %,%)+ -)"#+ %#!"# #".T%"$" 3 )+" #" #","/-, ("-+ ". #" #","/-, ,+$%-
). #" #","/-, -#*%-. #" #","/-, '%-"
D- "#"" #" #","/-, ,+$%- "# '%-" %"$" '%"+, #","/-, ,+$%-. A#""
#" '%-" "# -#*%- %"$" '%"+, #","/-, '%-". A#"" #" #","/-, -#*%- "#
1
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
3/25
-#-#! "", '"-//" %"$" '%"+, #","/-, -#*%-. S-#+,?,-#+, ("#! )%+)+#!"# %#!"#"+' #",- -,%)+ ,-#+, $""#","/-,
". S-#+, ,$%#-"/-, '%#!%/+""#,%%,-#(" '%/"/+- '%"+, ,+$%-
). S-#+, *#"/-, % '%"+, '%-". S-#+, '"-//"-, % '%"+,'%-". S-#+, %'-"/-, % '%"+,,+$%- "# '%-".
D- ,++ '"" %"$" +)+#!"#"#"" -+#! "# '"" '%/"/+-++, #",/"-'"/-, %'$"%/+"#(" "- '"" % -+#!'%/"/+- '%"+, -#*%-. D-
#",*"-#! %"$" +)+#!"# "#"" -+#! "# #!!" %/-#!" '%/"/+- OPTA =O,%+'P"(#!%+' T+)" A+--"> %+,"--. A/+#(" )%#"'" +, )"-+,.
P#r%ara(a '")u&
P%,""*"# ,%#,- "# ,%%'- -+#! 1. D%$"# "# "", "+' #",- '%#"$" $%,""*"# ,%#,-, "- ")"#! #%+, $"/'-+,2. B"!-"# /"-##(" %'",+ '++," -+#! "+' #",- -$%,""*- !"#!/-# ,*%#$"/"-#+'.
N",*"-#! "# #" #","/-, '%#"$" $%,""*"# ,%#,- "- ")"#! !"#!/-# $%(!$"/"-#+'.
2. FARINGP-$" )% ("#! )%"/"# "- "," %#!","'$"- $%,"')+#!"##(" %#!"# %,$"!+, $""%-#!!-"# +/"#! ""# K--. M"" /%"#(" -
)%/""#! /"-# =/"-#?*"-#!%"/>. F"-#! %)"!-'%#"- 3 ("-+". N",*"-#! %"$" P"(#!%"/ T#,-/ "# T+)"E+,"-+,
). O*"-#! '%+$""# $%%'+"# #!!" '+/+
%#!"# *"-#! %"$" $"#!"/ /-" !")+#!"#,-,%' %,$-",- "# $%#%#""#. L"-#!*"-#! %"- $%,-/"#!"# "#"" "/-"#+"" "# "/-"# '""#"#.
2
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
4/25
3. LARING
D"%" ("#! -'+/"- "- "-+, /"(#!-, ,"'$"- )"", )"" "-/"! --. R"#!" /"-#! %)%#+ "-+/"#! ""# "# +/"#!. L"-#! ""/" )"!-"# %)""
"- ,"/+"# #"$", "",.1. B%)%#+ +/"#! ""/" , (-2. B%)%#+ +/"#! ""# ""/" (- 1 )+""(%#- 2 )+" %$-!/-, 1 )+". P"" "(%#- )"!-"#++#! "" +/"#! ""# %-/ "-/"! #++/"" "#+#%-*'%.3. T+/"#! ""# "# #(" )%","/ "- '%,%#-'/%#!+#! *"-#! % 4 "# % 6. M%,%#-#
)%$/-*%",- %#!"# %$" "-+, /"-#!-, )%+)" )%#+ "- %/" ,"!-"/ '%#"- /+)"#! )%#+ T.'%,%#-# %+" /%#!+#! *"-#! '%#"- "-/"!--%" --%" ,%" "#%#-%". E$-%/ /"-#!
)%$/-*%",- %#!"# %$".
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
5/25
O? /"-#! ". O %-#,- /"-#!
• M.-(-• M. (%$-!/-+,
). O -#-#,- /"-#!• M.-"(%#- $,%- ("#! '%')+" $/-" "/-,. -" %"$" !"#!!+"# $""
-#- '"" )-," '%#(%)")"# "#! %%- "# '%#-#!!"/ "%#" -'" !/--,%++$. O -#- -,%)+ +!" ,"*%( '+,/% * /"(#.
• M. -"(%#- /"%"/-, ("#! '%#++$ $/-" "/-, "# '%#++$ -'" !/-,• M. "(%#- "#,%,+, "# )/-• M."/-,• M. "(%$-!/-"• M. ("(%#-
D"/"' "+' /"(#!-, %"$" P/-" "/-, ("-+ $-" ,+"" ",/- ,%"#!"# $/-" %,-)+/"-, ""/" $-" ,+"" $"/,+. A#""
$/-" "/-, -- "# "#"# %"$" -'" !/--, ,%"#!"# "#"" $/-" %,-)+/"-,%"$" -'" %,-)+/-. P%,(""*"# "%" /"-#! ""/" ,%")+ #%+, "!+, %#!"# ")"#!% /"-#! ,%)"!"- #./"(#!-, ,+$%- "# #. %+%#.
LO.1.2 MIKROSKOPIS SALURAN PERNAPASAN ATASS-,%' $%#"$","# )-,""#(" -)"!- '%#"- 2 "%" +"'"
1. B"!-"# #+,- '%/-$+- #!!" -+#! #",*"-#! /"-#! "%" )#+, )#-/+, "# )#-/+, %'-#"/-,
2. B"!-"# %,$-",- '%/-$+- )#-/+, %,$-"-+, ++, "/%/"-, "#"/%/+,.
S%)"!-"# )%," )"!-"# #+,- -/"$-,- %$-%/ %,$-",- ("-+ %$-%/ )%-#!" ,-/-#-, )%,-/-" %#!"# ,%/ !)/%. D%#!"# '%#!!+#""# '-,$ %/%# "$" -/-" "" 5'""' ,%/ %$-%/ %,$-",- ("-+ ,%/ ,-/-#-, )%,-/-" ,%/ !)/% '+," ,%/ ,-" =)+, %//,>,%/ )","/ "# ,%/ !"#+/ %-/.
4
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
6/25
1. Ba&"a K+)uk%"
R#!!" -+#! N",*"-#! L"-#! T"%" B#+, B#-/+, B#-/+, %'-#"/-,
2. Ba&"a R#%-"ra%" /!#-a! #r$a&%u&*a -#r!ukara &a%
B#+, %,$-"-+, D++, "/%/"-, A/%/+, M--$ "#+#! S%)"!-"# )%," $"+.
R+&&a '")u&
R#!!" -+#! %-- "", %,-)+/+' "# *," #","/-,. P"" %,-)+/+' - ,%-" #"%, %"$" %/%#" ,%)",%" "# -)-," =)+/+ -+#!>. E$-%/ - "/"' %,-)+/+''%+$""# %$-%/ %,$-",- ,%)%/+' '%'",+- *," #","/-,. P"" *," #","/-, ="+' #",->("#! -)"!- +" /% ,%$+' #",- $"" !"-, '%-"/ %"$" #" =,+$%- '%-"-#*%-> $"" '",-#!?'",-#! -#-#! /"%"/#(". K#" '%-" "# -#*%- -++$- /%%$-%/ %,$-",- ,%"#!"# #" ,+$%- -++$- /% #-"!#$ +$(ak!+r"u% ("#! +,+, +#+ *+#!,- '%#!-+'%')"+-. E$-%/ /*"-+, %,%)+ %-- "", %#$ -#*+k+&%#$%u%!#!aku$#r %#$ +$(ak!+r"u% =#%+# )-$/" %#!"# %#- ("#! '%/%)" - $%'+""#%$-%/ /*"-+, "# )%,-/-" )%*+#!,- ,%)"!"- %,%$ "# '%'-/-- ",# ("#! )%,-#"$,%#!"# #%+# /*"-+, "> %#$ a%a$ =)%)%#+ $-"'-> "# k#$#5ar B+6a $""/"'-#" $$-". K%/%#" B'"# '%#!",-/"# ,%% ("#! '%')%,-"# ,-/-" ,%//*"-+, ,%-#!!" '%'+""# ",%, #%+# +#+ '%')"+- "?". A"#(" -)-,"#" "# ",+/"-,",- ("#! ", $"" #!!" -+#! '%')+" ,%-"$ +"" ("#! '",+ '%#!"/"'- $%')%,-"# $%/%')"$"# "# $%#!"#!""# ,%)%/+' '",+ /%)- "+.
S-/-" )%*+#!,- +#+ '%##! /%#- % "" #",*"-#! +#+ %%/"# ""+-%/+""# =)"+> .S%/ !)/% "# %/%#" "'$+ - /"'-#" $$-" '#!",-/"# ,%%+#+ '%#"!" %/%')")"# -+#! "# '%#"#!"$ $"-%/ %)+ "/+, . D- )"" %$-%/#" -#*%- %"$" %6#$$ +)"#% '%+$""# */%,+, #,+, +#+ '%#!"#!""#+"" -#,$-",- %$-%/ /*"- ", $"" #" ,+$%-Pa)a a&"a k+)uk%" 7
D%#!"# ""#(" +/"#! ""# ,%" %/",-# /"!%# "# $/, → )%,-*" "+ "#*/%,-)%/ ("#! )%*+#!,- U#+ '%#!"/-"# +"" % "# "- $"+ "# '%#(-"$"# +""("#! '",+
5
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
7/25
N",*"-#! -/"$-,- /% #-"!#$ r#%-"ra%" $"" )"!-"# ("#! )%#" %#!"# $"/"+' '/%,%"#!"# *"-#! -/"$-,- #-"!#$ !"-# %kua+%a-#&.
T%-- "- N",*"-#! =%$-%/ )%-#!" " )%,-/-" %#!"# ,%/
!)/%> O*"-#! =%$-%/ )%/"$-, !%$%#! %#!"# /"$-,"#
"#+> L"-#!*"-#! =%$-%/ )%"-",->
Lar"&
L"-#! '%+$""# )"!-"# ("#! '%#!+)+#!"# *"-#! %#!"# "%". Pa)a $a"a -r+-r"a$ar"& !#r)a-a! !u$a& ra6a '"a$" )a #$a%!" ("#! )%*+#!,- ,%)"!"- "+$ ("#!'%#%!" '",+#(" '""#"# "# ,%)"!"- "/" $%#!",-/ ,+"" $"" *+#!,- *#",-. E$-!/-,
'%+$""# +/+"# "- %$-"# /"-#! '%/+", % *"-#! "# '%'-/-- $%'+""# /-#!+"/ "#/"-#!%"/. B"!-"# /-#!+"/ "# "$-"/ %$-!/-, -++$- /% #-"!#$ -#& #r$a-"% ,%"#!"# $%'+""# /"-#!%"/ -++$- /% #-"!#$ r#%-"ra%" #r!"&ka! #r%"$")r"% #r%"$"a. D- )"" %$-%/ %"$" %/%#" "'$+"# '+," "# ,%,".
E-"&$+!!"%
M%'-/-- $%'+""# /-#!+"/ "# /"(#!%"/. S%/++ $%'+""# /"-#!%"/ -++$- /%%$-%/ )%/"$-, !%$%#! '%#%"- )",-, %$-!/-, $"" ,-,- /"-#!%"/ %$-%/ -#- '%#!"/"'-
$%"/-"# '%#"- %$-%/ )%-#!" ,-/-#-, )%,-/-"
LI.2 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN MENGENAI MEKANISMEPERTAHANAN SALURAN NAPAS ATAS
LO.3.1 8UNGSI
P%#"$","# ""+ %,$-",- ""/" '%#!-+$ +"" "- /+" ("#! '%#!"#+#! O2%"/"' +)+ ,%" '%#!%')+,"# +"" ("#! )"#(" '%#!"#+#! O2 ,%)"!"- ,-," "-,-",- ("#! %/+" "- +)+. P,%, $%#!-+$"# +"" -#- -,%)+ -#,$-",- "#'%#!%')+,"# -,%)+ %,$-",-
8u&%" u!aa -#ra-a%a7
• M%#"'-# %,%-"#(" O2 +#+ %/"#!,+#!"# '%")/-,'% ,%/ ,%/ +)+.
6
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
8/25
• M%#!%/+""# O2 ,%)"!"- ",-/ '%")/-,'% ,%/ ,%"" %+, '%#%+,.
8u&%" !aa'a -#ra-a%a7
• M%#!%/+""# "- "# $"#", "- +)+•
P,%, )%)-"" '%#("#(- "# "/-,",-• M%#-#!""# "/-"# )"/- %#"• M%#!%/+""# '%'-*-",-"# '%#!"-*"# "# '%#!-#"-*"# )""# ("#!
'%/%"- ,-+/",- $+/'#"/ ,%$%- $,"!/"#-#
8u&%" %a$ura -#ra-a%a7
• P%""#"# )%#" ",-#! ("#! '",+ ,"/+"# #"*",.
P"-%/ ++"# /%)- 10 +' ""# -"')" )+/+ )+/+ -+#!. P"-%/ ++"# 2?10 +'-"#!"$ /% ,-/-".-/-"( %,"/" '%##! %/+" !# %%$""# 16 '''%#-
• M%#++#"# ,++ +"" $%#"*","# ,%,+"- %#!"# ,++ +)+ /% $%')+/+ "" $""
'+," -+#! "# ,"/+"# +"".• H-+#! ,%)"!"- !"# $%#!-+.
• M%/%')")"# +"" $%#"*","#
H"/ -#- )%++"# +#+ '%#%!" '%#!%-#!#(" $%'+""# '%')"# "/%/-. F+#!,--#- -/"+"# /% '++, (! -",-/"# %/ ,%)",%" "# ,%/ !)/% $"" '+," -+#!"# *"-#!.
Pr+%#% -#ra-a%a )"a&" #5a)" 2*a"!u7
1 P%#"$","# /+" =%,%#"/>
P,%, $%+""# O2 "# O2 "#" ,%/?,%/ +)+ %#!"# +"" /+"$%+""# !","#"" "" "# "',*%.
2 P%#"$","# "/"' =-#%#"/>P%+""# !", "#"" "" ,-+/",- %#!"# ,%/ "-#!"#. T%"- $%#!!+#""# O2 +#+
$,%, '%")/-,'% -#",%/ "/"' '-#-" "# $%')%#+"# O2 ,%" $%+""#!", "#"" ,%/?,%/ +)+ %#!"# '%-" "- ,%-"#(".
S#ara (u&%"+a$ /(aa$ %a$ura -#ra(a%a )a-a! )"a&" #5a)" )ua a&"a *a"!u 7
1. #" K#+,-
#" #+,- )%$%"# ,%)"!"- ,"/+"# %'$" /%"#(" +"" $%#"$","# ,%"'%')%,-"# '%/%')")"# "# '%#("'""# ,++ +"" $%#"$","# %#!"# ,++ +)+.D-,"'$-#! -+ #" #+,- +!" )%$%"# $"" $,%, $%')%#+"# ,+"". #" #+,-%-- "- -+#! *"-#! "%" )#+, ,%" )#-/- %'-#"/-,.T"%" "$" +!" -+/+- ,%)"!"- %,"/"?'+?,-/-"-, "%#" ,-/-" $"" "%" "$"'%##! )%#" ",-#! ("#! %-" " '++, % "" *"-#! ("#! %'+-"# "$" -%/"#""+ -%/+""#. S-/-" "$" -+," /% )""#?)""# )%"+# ("#! %"#+#! "/"' ","$.S++ )#- $-'% '",- ,%+$" %#!"# ,++ "%". P"" )"!-"# "- "- )#--#-# +/"#! ""# ("#! ++ )%+)" '%#"- /%'$%#!"#?/%'$%#!"#. P"" )#-/-
%'-#"/-, ,++ +/"#! ""# '%#!-/"#! "# ,"/+"# +"" $"" "%" -#- "#("-/-#!"- /% $/,. S++ ,%'""' -#- '%#(%)")"# )#-/- /%)- %#"# %""$
7
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
9/25
$%#(-'$""# ("#! "$" -,%)")"# /% )%)%"$" *". B#-/- '%'$+#("- ,-/-" "# "'++,.
B""#?)""# %)-, - "/%/- -"#!"$ /% ,%/ '"*"! ("#! %"$" $"" "/%/-%'+-"# -)"" /% /"$-,"# '+," "# ,%/"#+#(" -)+"#!.
2. #" R%,$-"-#" %,$-"- %-- "- "/%/- "# ,++ ("#! )%+)+#!"#. P%+""# !", "#""+"" "# "" %"- - "/"' "/%/-. S%/"-# ,++ -"", %"$" $+/" ,++ ("#!/"-# ,%$%- )+/+?)+/+ $"" $-#+ '",+ ("#! $%#-#! +#+ '%#("-#! $"-%/?$"-%/ ("#!'",+.
LO.3.2 MEKANISME
1 M%"#-,'% $%#"$","# )%",""# "#"'-
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
2 M%"#-,'% $%#"$","# )%",""# *-,-/!-#("
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
MEKANISME BATUK
S%/++ ,"/+"# #"*", "- -+#! ,"'$"- )#-/+, %'-#"/-, -$%""#"# "!" %"$/%')") /% ,%/"$-, '+," ("#! '%/"$-,- ,%/++ $%'+""#. M++, -#- -,%%,-"#,%)"!-"# /% ,%/ !)/% "/"' %$-%/ ,"/+"# #"*", "# ,%)"!-"# /"!- /% %/%#",+)'+," ("#! %-/. B"+ ("#! -" %*%-* "$" '%#-')+/"# $%#+'$+"# ,%% ("#!
)%/%)-"# "%/%",-, !"#!!+"# $%+""# !", "# /"-#?/"-#.
8
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
10/25
M%"#-,'% )"+ -)"!- '%#"- 3 *",%
• F",% 1 =I#,$-",->
P"+2 '%'",+"# +"#! /%)- 25 /-% +"" %,*"!+, "# $-" ,+"" '%#++$ ,%-#!!"+"" %%" "/"' $"+2
• F",% 2 =K'$%,->
O $%+ )%#",- -"*"!'" #"- "# '%#%"# $"+2 --+- $+/" %#!"# #",--#%," -#%#+,. P"" "-#(" ""# '%#(%)")"# %"#"# $"" $"+2 '%#-#!" -#!!"100''!.
• F",% 3 =E,$-",->
S$#"# %,*"!+, "# $-" ,+"" %)+" "# +"" '%/%" %/+" "- $"+
MEKANISME BERSIN
R%*/% )%,-# '--$ %#!"# %*/% )"+ %+"/- )"" %*/%, -#- )%/"#!,+#! $"" ,"/+"#-+#! )+"# $"" ,"/+"# $%#"$","# )"!-"# )"". R"#!,"#!"# ""/ '%#-')+/"#%*/%, )%,-# ""/" --",- "/"' ,"/+"# -+#! -'$+/, ,""* "*%%# )%"/"# "/"' #%+,% /-'" '%#++ '%+//" %'$" %*/%, -#- -%+,"#. T%"- ,%"#!"-"# %",- ("#! '--$%#!"# %*/%, )"+ %"$- ++/" -%"# ,%-#!!" ,%+'/" )%," +"" %#!"# %$"'%/"/+- -+#! %#!"# %'--"# '%')"#+ '%')%,-"# ,"/+"# -+#! "- )%#" ",-#!.
LI.3 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN MENGENAI RHINITIS ALERGI
LO.3.1 DE8INISI
R-#--, ,%"" /+", -%*-#-,-"# ,%)"!"- $%""#!"# '+," -+#!. R-#--, '%+$""#!"#!!+"# +'+' ("#! '%'$%#!"+- -#!!" 40J "- $$+/",-
D-!/#!"# -#--, -" %"$" ,"+ ""+ /%)- "- !%"/" )%-+ -+#! %,+')"-#%" "#%- $,%- )%,-# !""/. R-#--, )-","#(" -"-"# %#!"# -#*/"'",-.R-#--, ,%-#! -)""#!- %#!"# !%"/" ("#! )%+)+#!"# %#!"# '"" %/-#!" "#%#!!"#.
=P%% 2011>
M%#++ HO ARIA =A//%!- R-#--, "# -, I'$" # A,'"> "+# 2001 -#--, "/%!-""/" %/"-#"# $"" -+#! "# !%"/" )%,-#?)%,-# -#% "," !""/ "# %,+')" ,%%/"'+," -+#! %$"$" "//%!%# ("#! -$%"#""- /% I!E.
LO.3.2 ETIOLOGI
R-#--, "/%!- '%/-)""# -#%",- "#"" /-#!+#!"# %#!"# $%-,$,-,- !%#%- "/"' $%%')"#!"# $%#("-#(". F" !%#%- "# %%-% ,"#!" )%$%"# $""%,$%,- -#--, "/%!-. P%#(%)") %,%-#! ""/" "//%!%# -#"/"# $"" %"," "# -#!%,"#
$"" "#"?"#". P"" "#"?"#" ,%-#! -,%"- !%"/" "/%!- /"-# ,%$%- +-"-" "#!"#!!+"# $%#%#""#. P%#(%)") -#--, "/%!- "$" )%)%" %!"#+#! "- /",-*-",-.
9
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
11/25
R-#--, "/%!- '+,-'"# )-","#(" )%+$" ,%)+ ,"- ""+ "'+. R-#--, "/%!- $%%##-"/ -"#""#(" %)+ +#!"+ = Dermatophagoides farinae "# Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus> "'+ )-#""#! $%/-"""# "# )-#""#! $%#!%". F" %,- %$"$"#("%)+ +#!"+ )-","#(" "$% ,$%- ,++ -#!!- "# %/%')")"# +"". B%)"!"- $%'-+("#! )-," )%$%"# "# '%'$%)%" ""/" )%)%"$" *" ##,$%,-*- -"#""#(" ","$ $/+,- +"" )"+ "'" ("#! +" ""+ '%"#!,"#! "# $%+)""# +"".
B%",""# "" '",+#(" "//%!%# -)"!- "",
• A//%!%# -#"/"# ("#! '",+ )%,"'" %#!"# +"" $%#"*","# '-,"/#(" %)++'" +#!"+ ,%$-"# %$-%/ )+/+ )-#""#! ,%" "'+.
• A//%!%# -#!%,"# ("#! '",+ % ,"/+"# %#" )%+$" '""#"# '-,"/#(" ,+,+%/+ /" -"# "# +"#!.
• A//%!%# -#%"# ("#! '",+ '%/"/+- ,+#-"# ""+ +,+"# '-,"/#(" $%#-,-/-# ""+,%#!""# /%)".
•
A//%!%# #""# ("#! '",+ '%/"/+- #" %#!"# +/- ""+ "-#!"# '+,"'-,"/#(" )""# ,'%- ""+ $%-","#.
LO 3.3 EPIDEMIOLOGI
R-#--, %,%)" - ,%/++ +#-" )"- )%,-*" %#%'-, '"+$+# '+#+/ ,%)"!"- KLB. D-"%" )%-/-' ,%"#! -#,-%#,- $%#("- -#- '%#-#!" - '+,-' !+!+ '+,-' -#!-# "#'+,-' ,%'-. D- "%" $-, -#,-%#,- $%#("- -#!!- $"" '+,-' +"#. S%)"!-"# )%,""#! %+"/- '%%" ("#! -#!!"/ - "%" %#!"# +'/" $%#++ ,%-- "# %-,/",-
)-," %,%"#! ,"+ -#!!" 6 "/- ,%-"$ "+##(". I#,-%#,- $%#("- -#!!- $"" "#"?"#" - )"" 5 "+# "# ""# '%#++# ,%"" )%""$ ,%,+"- %#!"# )%"')"#(" +'+.
R-#--, '%+$""# ,"/" ,"+ $%#("- $"/-#! +'+' ("#! %"$" - "'%-" S%-"'%'$%#!"+- /%)- "- 50 +" "#!. K%"""# -#- ,%-#! )%+)+#!"# %#!"# %/"-#"# $%#"$","# /"-##(" ,%$%- ",'". R-#--, '%')%-"# $%#!"+ ("#! ,-!#-*-"# $""+"/-", -+$. P"" )%)%"$" ",+, "$" '%#(%)")"# #-,- /"-##(" ,%$%- '","/"
$"" ,-#+, '","/" $"" %/-#!" !"#!!+"# -+ "# !"#!!+"# +#+ )%/"". P"" $",-%#%#!"# ",'" -#--, (! -" %#/ "$" '%'$%)++ #-,- ",'"#(".
LO.3.4 KLASI8IKASI
R'""!"% #r)a%arka %"(a!*a )a-a! )"#)aka #5a)" )ua7
". R-#--, "+ =(" ''# /> '%+$""# $%""#!"# '%')"# '+," -+#!"# ,-#+,?,-#+, ",%,-, ("#! -,%)")"# /% ,+"+ -+, "# )"%-. P%#("- -#- "$"'%#!%#"- "'$- ,%-"$ "#! $"" ,+"+ "+ "# ,%-#! "/- %"- $"" '+,-' -#!-#%#!"# -#,-%#,- %-#!!- $"" ""/ '+,-' +"# "# '+,-' ,%'-.
). R-#--, #-, ""/" ,+"+ $%""#!"# #-, $"" '%')"# '+," ("#! -,%)")"#/% -#*%,- ("#! )%+/"#! "%#" "/%!- ""+ "%#" -#--, ",'.
10
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
12/25
Ta$# 1. K$a%"("ka%" R'""!"% #r)a%arka #!"+$+&"
J#"% R'""!"% P#5#$a%a
A$#r&" /)"-#ra!ara" +$#' I&E • I#*/"'",- ("#! -$%"#""- /% I!E $"" '+," -+#! )%"-)" $""-#*-/",- "- ,%/ %,-#$-/ "# ,%/ T2
$"" /"$-,"# -+#!• D-/",-*-",-"# ,%)"!"- -#%'-%# ""+
$%,-,"#
Au!++" -#--, '%-"'%#," H($(--,' H'#"/N#?"//%!- -#--, - %,-#$-/-",(#'% =NARES>
I(#!"+u% -,%)")"# /% -+, =%,%-#!> )"%-"/ ""+ -#*%,- "'+
I)"+-a!'" $%#(%)") -" %/",
Rhinitis Allergi
1 Berdasarkan waktu paparannya:a Rhinitis seasonal : alergi karena usian! seperti ser"uk sari "unga
yang "ersi#at eksternal$ luar ruah" Rhinitis parrenial: tanpa tergantung usi% &o: alergi de"u! kutu
ruah! "ulu "inatang! 'aur! yang "iasanya diteukan di dalaruah%
2 Berdasarkan si#at "erlangsungnya:
a (nteriten )kadang*kadang+: "ila ge'ala kurang dari 14 hari$ ingguatau kurang dari 4 inggu%
" ,resisten $ enetap : "ila ge'ala le"ih dari 4 hari$inggu dan le"ihdari 4 inggu%
3 Berdasarkan tingkat "erat ringannya penyakit:a Ringan : "ila tidak diteukan gangguan tidur! gangguan akti-itas
harian%" .edang "erat : "ila terrdapat satu atau le"ih dari gangguan
terse"ut%
LO.3. PATO8ISIOLOGI
11
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
13/25
R-#--, "/%!- '%+$""# ,+"+ $%#("- -#*/"'",- ("#! -""/- %#!"# ""$,%#,--,",- "# --+- %#!"# %",- "/%!-. R%",- "/%!- %-- "- 2 *",% ("-+ -''%-"%
$",% "//%!- %"-# ""+ %",- "/%!- *",% %$" ("#! )%/"#!,+#! ,%" #" %#!"#"//%!%# ,"'$"- 1 "' ,%%/"#(" "# /"% $",% "//%!- %"-# ""+ %",- "/%!- *",%/"')" ("#! )%/"#!,+#! 2?4 "' %#!"# $+#" 6?8 "' =*",% -$%%"--",> ,%%/"
$%'"$""# "# "$" )%/"#!,+#! 24?48 "'.
P"" #" $%"'" %#!"# "//%!%# ""+ ""$ ,%#,--,",- '"*"! ""+ '#,-("#! )%$%"# ,%)"!"- ,%/ $%#("- = A#-!%# P%,%#-#! %//AP> ""# '%#"#!"$ "//%!%#("#! '%')%#+ *"!'%# '+," -+#!. S%%/" -$,%, '/%+/ HLA %/", II'%')%#+ '$/% $%$-% MH %/", II =M" H-,'$"-)-/-( '$/%> ("#!%'+-"# -$%,%#",-"# $"" ,%/ T %/$% =T0>. K%'+-"# ,%/ $%#("- ""# '%/%$",,--# ,%$%- -#%/%+-# 1 =IL?1> ("#! '%#!"-*"# T0 +#+ )%$/-*%",- '%#"- T1"# T2. T2 ""# '%#!",-/"# )%)"!"- ,--# ,%$%- IL?3 IL?4 IL?5 "# IL?13.
IL?4 "# IL?3 "$" --" /% %,%$#(" - $%'+""# ,%/ /-'*,- B ,%-#!!" ,%//-'*,- B '%#"- "-* "# ""# '%'$+,- -''+#!/)+/-# E =I!E>. I!E - ,-+/",-"" ""# '",+ % "-#!"# "# --" /% %,%$ I!E - $%'+""# ,%/ '",,- ""+
)",$-/ =,%/ '%-"> ,%-#!!" %+" ,%/ -#- '%#"- "-*. P,%, -#- -,%)+ ,%#,--,",-("#! '%#!",-/"# ,%/ '%-" ("#! %,%#,--,",-. B-/" '+," ("#! ,+" %,%#,--,",-%$"$" "//%!%# ("#! ,"'" '"" %+" "#"- I!E ""# '%#!-" "//%!%# ("#! ,$%,-*- "#%"- %!"#+/",- =$%"#(" -#-#! ,%/> '",,- "# )",$-/ %#!"# "-)" %/%$",#("'%-" -'-" ("#! ,+" %)%#+ =P%*'% M%-",> %+"'" -,"'-#%. S%/"-#-,"'-#% +!" -%/+""# N%/( F'% M%-", "#"" /"-# $,"!/"#-# D2A-"-#! F" =PAF> )%)"!"- ,--# =IL?3 IL?4 IL?5 IL?6 IL? 6 GM?SF=G"#+/(%, M"$"!% /#( S-'+/"-#! F"> "# /"-#?/"-#. I#-/" ("#! -,%)+,%)"!"- %",- "/%!- *",% %$" =RAF>.
H-,"'-#% ""# '%"#!,"#! %,%$ H1 $"" ++#! ,""* --"#+, ,%-#!!"'%#-')+/"# "," !""/ $"" -+#! "# )%,-#?)%,-#. H-,"'-#% +!" '%#(%)")"#%/%#" '+," "# ,%/ !)/% '%#!"/"'- -$%,%%,- "# $%'%")-/-", "$-/% '%#-#!",%-#!!" %"- -#%. G%"/" /"-# ""/" -+#! %,+')" "-)" ",-/"",- ,-#+,-.S%/"-# -,"'-#% '%"#!,"#! ++#! ,""* .
P"" RAF ,%/ '",,- +!" ""# '%/%$","# '/%+/ %'"- ("#!
'%#(%)")"# "+'+/",- ,%/ %,-#$-/ "# #%*-/ - "-#!"# "!%. R%,$#, -#- -" )%%#- ,"'$"- -,-#- ,"" %"$- !%"/" ""# )%/"#+ "# '%#"$"- $+#" 6?8 "' ,%%/" $%'"$""#. P"" RAFL -#- -"#"- %#!"# $%#"')""# %#-, "# +'/" ,%/ -#*/"'",-,%$%- %,-#$-/ /-'*,- #%*-/ )",$-/ "# '",,- - '+," -+#! ,%"
$%#-#!""# ,--# ,%$%- IL?3 IL?4 IL?5 "# G"#+/(% M"$"! /#( S-'+/"-#!F" =GM?SF> "# IAM1 $"" ,%% -+#!. T-')+/#(" !%"/" -$%%"-* ""+-$%%,$#,-* -+#! "/"" "-)" $%"#"# %,-#$-/ %#!"# '%-" -#*/"'",- "-!"#+/"#(" ,%$%- E,-#$-/- "-#- P%-# =EP> E,-#$-/- D%-% P%-# =EDP>M" B",- P%-# =MBP> "# E,-#$-/- P%-",% =EPO>. P"" *",% -#- ,%/"-# *" ,$%,-*- ="//%!%#> --",- /% *" ## ,$%,-*- "$" '%'$%)%" !%"/" ,%$%- ","$
)"+ ("#! '%"#!,"#! $%+)""# +"" "# %/%')")"# +"" ("#! -#!!-.
12
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
14/25
S%"" M-,$- "'$" ""#(" -/"",- $%')+/+ %#!"# $%')%,""# ,%/ !)/%"# ,%/ $%')%#+ )","/ ,%" -%'+"# -#*-/",- ,%/?,%/ %,-#$-/ $"" "-#!"# '+,""# ,+)'+," -+#!. G"')""# ("#! -%'+"# %"$" $"" ,"" ,%"#!"#. D-/+" %"""# ,%"#!"# '+," %')"/- #'"/. A"# %"$- ,%"#!"# "$" %"- %+,?'%#%+,,%$"#"#! "+# ,%-#!!" /"'" %/"'""# %"- $%+)""# ("#! -%%,-)/% ("-+ %"-
$/-*%",- "-#!"# -" "# -$%$/"," '+," ,%-#!!" "'$" '+," -+#! '%#%)"/%#!"# '",+#(" "#-!%# ",-#! % "/"' +)+ %"- ("#! ,%"" !"-, )%," %-- "-
1. R%,$# $-'% T%"- $,%, %/-'-#",- "# *"!,-,-, =A!>. R%",- -#- )%,-*" ## ,$%,-*-
"# "$" )%"- ,"'$"- -,-#-. B-/" A! -" )%",-/ ,%/++#(" --/"#!"# %",- )%/"#+ '%#"- %,$# ,%+#%.
2. R%,$# ,%+#% R%",- ("#! %- )%,-*" ,$%,-*- ("#! '%'$+#("- -!" %'+#!-#"# -"/"
,-,%' -'+#-", ,%/+/% ""+ +'"/ ""+ %+"#(" -)"#!-"#. B-/" A! )%",-/
-%/-'-#",- $"" ""$ #- %",- ,%/%,"-. B-/" A! '",- "" ""+ '%'"#! ,+" "" %*% "-,-,%' -'+#/!- '"" %",- )%/"#+ '%#"- %,$# %,-%.
3. R%,$# %,-% R%",- -'+#/!- ("#! %"- -" '%#!+#+#!"# +)+. R%",- -#- "$"
)%,-*" ,%'%#"" ""+ '%#%"$ %!"#+#! "- "(" %/-'-#",- A! /% +)+
LO.3.: MANI8ESTASI KLINIS
G%"/" ("#! -')+/ $"" -#--, "/%!- "#"" /"-#
G%"/" -#--, "/%!- ("#! ", -"/" %"$"#(" ,%"#!"# )%,-# )%+/"#! )-/"
%"-#(" /%)- "- 5 "/- ,%-"$ ,%"#!"# ,%)"!"- "-)" -/%$","##(" -,"'-#.D-,%)+ +!" ,%)"!"- )%,-# $"/!-,.
K%/+" -#!+, =-#%> ("#! %#% "# )"#(" -+#! %,+')" -+#! "# '""
!""/ ("#! ""#!?""#! -,%"- %#!"# )"#(" "- '"" %/+" =/"-'",->.F"-#!--, !"#+/% "-)" -$%$/",-" ,+)'+," "-#!"# /-'*-.S+"" ,%" "# %%'" $-" ,+""
Allergic shiner. ""/" )"("#!"# !%/"$ - )""'"" ("#! %"- "-)" ,",-, %#"
,%+#% "-)" ),+,- -+#!. Allergic salute. ""/" !%""# $",-%# '%#!!, -+#! %#!"# "#!"##("
"%#"!""/
Allergic crease. T"#" !"-, '%/-#"#! - ,+' #",- $"" 13 )"!-"# )"" "-)"
%)-",""# '%#!!, -+#!.
13
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
15/25
G%"/" /"-# ("#! -" ", "$" )%+$" )"+ ,"- %$"/" '","/" $%#-+'"# '%#!- $%#%"#"# $"" ,-#+, "# #(%- "" $, #","/ -$. B%)%"$" "#! +!" '%#!"/"'-/%'" "# /%,+ '+" '"" %-/"#!"# #"*,+ '""# "# ,+/- -+.
LO.3.; DIAGNOSIS
Aa#%"%A#"'#%,-, ,"#!" $%#-#! "%#" ,%-#! "/- ,%"#!"# -" %"- -""$"# $%'%-,".
H"'$- 50J -"!#,-, "$" -%!""# "- "#"'#%,-, ,"". G%"/" -#--, "/%!- ("#! ",-"/" %"$"#(" ,%"#!"# )%,-# )%+/"#!. G%"/" /"-# -"/" %/+" -#!+, =-#%> ("#!%#% "# )"#(" -+#! %,+')" -+#! "# '"" !""/ ("#! ""#!?""#! -,%"-%#!"# )"#(" "- '"" %/+" =/"-'",->. K""#!?""#! %/+"# -+#! %,+')"'%+$""# %/+"# +"'" ""+ ,"+?,"+#(" !%"/" ("#! -+"""# /% $",-%#.
P%/+ -"#(""# $/" !%"/" =-/"#! -')+/ '%#%"$> )%,%" #,% "# %$"""##("-%#-*-",- *" $%-,$,-,- "%#" *" !%#%- "# %%-% ,"#!" )%$%"# $""%,$%,- -#--, "/%!- %,$# %""$ $%#!)""# #-,- /-#!+#!"# "# $%%""#. R-#--,
"/%!- "$" -%!""# )%",""# "#"'#%,-, )-/" %"$" 2 ""+ /%)- !%"/" ,%$%- )%,-#?)%,-# /%)- 5 "/- ,%-"$ ,%"#!"# -+#! "# '"" !""/ -#!+, %#% /%)- "- ,"+ "' -+#! %,+')" "# '"" '%" ,%" )%"- '"" -#("""# $,--*.
P##r"k%aa 8"%"k
P"" '+" )-","#(" -"$""# !"-, Dennie-Morgan "# allergic shinner ("-+ )"("#!"# !%/"$ - "%" )"" '"" "%#" ,",-, %#" ,%+#% "-)" ),+,- -+#!=I""- 2002>. S%/"-# -+ "$" -%'+"# +!" allergic crease ("-+ )%+$" !"-, '%/-#"#!
$"" ,+' #",- )"!-"# ,%$%-!" )"". G"-, -#- -')+/ "-)" -+#! ("#! ,%-#!-!,?!, /% $+#!!+#! "#!"# =allergic salute).
P"" $%'%-,""# -#,$- -%'+"# '+," -+#! )"," )%"#" $+" ""+ /--%#!"# #" %%'" "# ,%% ("#! %#% "# )"#(". P%/+ +!" -/-" ""#(" %/"-#"#,%$+' ""+ $/-$ -+#! ("#! "$" '%'$%)%" !%"/" -+#! %,+')". S%/"-# -+ "$"
$+/" -%'+"# #+#!--, )-/"%"/ ""+ $%#("- ("#! )%+)+#!"# /"-##(" ,%$%-,-#+,--, "# --, '%-".
P##r"k%aa P#u5a&
a. I
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
16/25
RAST = Radio Immuno Sorbent Test > ""+ ELISA = Enyme !in"ed Immuno Sorbent AssayTest >. P%'%-,""# ,-/!- -+#! "/"+$+# -" "$" '%'",-"# -"!#,-, %"$
)%!+#" ,%)"!"- $%'%-,""# $%/%#!"$. D-%'+"##(" %,-#*-/ "/"' +'/" )"#(" '%#+#+"# %'+#!-#"# "/%!- -#"/"#. -" )",*-/ =5 ,%//"$> '+#!-# -,%)")"# "/%!-'""#"# ,%"#!"# -" -%'+"# ,%/ PMN '%#+#+"# ""#(" -#*%,- )"%-.. I R-#--, ",' ,+"+ %"""# --$"- ("#! --"!#,-, "#$" ""#(" -#*%,-"/%!- %,-#*-/-" $%+)""# '#"/ "# $""#"# )".
2> R-#--, '%-"'%#," ,+"+ %/"-#"# -+#! )%+$" !"#!!+"# %,$# #'"/",' ("#! -"-)""# /% $%'""-"# ",#- $-"/ "/"' "+ /"'""# )%/%)-"# ,%-#!!" '%#(%)")"# ,+')""# -+#! ("#! '%#%"$.
3> R-#--, ,-'$/%, $%#("- ("#! -"-)""# /% -+,. B-","#(" ""/" -#-+,.S"#!" '%#+/" "# !%"/" "$" -')+/ ,%)"!"- "-)" -" ""#(" %%)"/"# ""+'%#++##(" "(" ""# +)+.
4> R-#--, -$%*- -$%*- #" "%#" $,%, -#*/"'",- #-, ("#! -,%)")"#/% )"%- $-'% ""+ ,%+#%.
5> R-#--, "*- -#*%,- -+#! #- ("#! -"#"- ""#(" "*- $!%,-* $"" '+,"
"# +/"#! #".
,er"edaan tiologi e'ala .ekret ain*lain
R. Alergi Respon iun
yg diediasi
(g
Bersin yg
didahului
gatal pada
ata dan
hidung%
ernih! air 'i ukit kulit ;
R. Vasomotor /kti?iposia>
**** .e"uh "ila
di"eri penggiat
sipatis%R. Hormonal angguan oinasi oleh **** .e"uh sendiri
15
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
17/25
kesei"angan
estrogen
rinore dan
o"struksi
hidung
atau dg terapi
horon
R. Infeksiosa /gen in#eksius
)"akteri!
-irus+
ea! nyeri
tekan wa'ah!
hiposia
ental!
kekuningan$hi'
au%
.e"uh dengan
anti-irus atau
anti"iotikR. Non-Alergi
dengan
sindrom
eosinolia
elainan
eta"olise
prostaglandin
****?iposia
**** osino . -" !%"/" $",-%# %+, )%/"#!,+#! '%,-$+# $%#!)""# %/" %$" $%-')"#!"# ""#(" %",- "/%!-. R-#--,"/%!- "# ",'" '%"-/- $%#("- ')-#",-"# ""#! ,"/+"# #"$", "# /% "%#" -+
$%#!)""# ",'" +!" '%+$""# $%-')"#!"# $%#-#! $"" $",-%# %#!"# -#--, "/%!- .
I. N+ 8arak+$+&"%
1. '%#!-#"- "/%!%#
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
L"#!"?/"#!" +#+ '%#!+"#!- %,$,+ %""$ "/%!%# %'",+ '%')%,-"#%#!"# *+#!-,-" %+'--*-"-# "# *-/",- HEPA.
S"%!- $%#!-#""# -#- "$" ,%"" %*%-* '%#!+"#!- !%"/" -#--, "/%!- "# $",-%#"+, -,""#"# +#+ '%#!!+#""# ')-#",- "- /"#!"?/"#!" %,%)+ +#+ ",-/("#! $-'"/.
2. /" "!" $"!- +#+ '%#-#!!""# #-,- +)+3. '""# '""#"# ("#! )%!--
II. 8arak+$+&"
16
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
18/25
P%#""/","#""# -#--, "/%!- )%",""# ARIA 2001
T-$% -#--, "/%!- L-#- $%"'" T"')""#S%"#!?I#%'-%# A#--,"'-#
"/"#--,"'-#
-#"#","/
D%#!%,"#-#"#","/
S%"#!?I#%'-%#""+ )%"?-#%'-%#
A#--,"'-#"/-,%--#"#","/"#--,"'-#-#"#","/
D%#!%,"#-#"#","/ "#,-+' '/-#
B%"?P%,-,%# K-,%--#"#","/
A#--,"'-#"/"#--,"'-#-#"#","/,-+''/-#-$"$-+'
)'-""#"!#-,/%+-%#%
A!" H"%!a" A!a&+"% H>1
• F"'"-#"'- A#"!#-, '$%--* $"" $%')+/+ "" )#+, "# )%'""'?'""' $/,.S%/"-# -+ AH1 )%'"#*"" +#+ '%#!)"- %",- -$%,%#,---", ""+ %"""# /"-# ("#!-,%"- $%#!%/%$","# -,"'-# %#!%# )%/%)-"#.
•
F"'"-#%- S%%/" $%')%-"# "/ ""+ $"%#%"/ AH1 -"),$,- ,%"" )"-. K"" %-#!!- %"$" $"" $"+?$"+ ,%"#!"# $"" /-'$" !-#"/ " "# +/- ""#(" /%)- %#".T%'$" +"'" )-"#,*'",- AH1 ""/" "-.
1. P%#!!/#!"# AH1AH !%#%",- 1# %"#/"'-#
E-/%#%"'-#P-$%"-#A/-/"'-#D%-" *%#-"-#
K%%"#!"# AH1 ? ,%",- -#!"#?)%"? "#-'-%- "# '$,-,- )" */+? "#-'-# ,-#%,,
I#-",- AH1 )%!+#" +#+ $%#("- * A/%!-* M")+ $%"/"#"#* A#",%,- /"/* U#+ ",'" )%)"!"- $*-/",-,
2. E*% ,"'$-#!
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
19/25
". P%')%-"# "$" "/"' ')-#",- ""+ "#$" ')-#",- %#!"#%#!%,"# ,%"" $%"/.
). /-$*-/- "$" '%#%')+, ,"" "" " '%'$+#("- %*% $"" SSP"# $/",%#".
. K/-#%!-
. S%"-* %. O"/ -*%#-"'-# /*%#-"'-# $'%",-# ,-$%$"-#*. T$-"/ A%/",-#
D#k+%!a Na%a$
• G/#!"# ,-'$"'-'%- • B%",- $"" %,%$ "%#%!- $"" '+," -+#! +#+ '%#(%)")"#• ",#,-,- '%#-+"# '+," ("#! '%')%#!""# '%'$%)"-- $%#"*","#• P%#!!+#""# %#!%,"# $-"/ -" '%#(%)")"# ""+ ,%-- ,%"/- '%#(%)")"#
"),$,- ,-,%'-
• P%#!!+#""# "!%# $-"/ ("#! /"'" =/%)- "- 3?5 "->"$" '%#(%)")"# -#--,'%-"'%#," - '"#" -+#! %')"/- %,+')" "-)" ",-/"",- $%-*% '"" )"",- $%#!!+#""#
• # O)" #"*"/-#%"-/-#,-'%"/-# "# -/'%"/-#
O)" %#!%,"# $-"/ "# +",- ",-#(" O)" D+",-A,-Ak%"P#)#k
F%#-/%*-#H/S"'$"- 4 "'
Ak%"S#)a&
N"*"/-#H/T%"-/-#H/
4?6 "'
Ak%"Pa5a&
O,-'%"/-#H/(/'%"/-#H/
S"'$"- 12 "'
D#k+%!a +ra$
• S%"" +'+' -" -"#+"# "%#" %*% /-#-, '",- -"!+"# "# $+#(" )"#(" %*% ,"'$-#!
# )" E*%-#*%#-/$$"#/"'-# "# *%#-/%*-#• I#%, %"$- ,%'$-%,- -$%%#,-• E*%-#
A"/" "/"/- ("#! %"$" "/"' +')+"# %*%". E*%-* $"" $%')%-"# "/ '","%" $"#"#! %*% ,%#"/#(" +". B%%" $"" %,%$ "/*" )%" 1 "# )%" 2.E*% "-",+/" %"#"# ,-,/- "# -",/- '%#-#!" %"#"# #"- '%')%,".T%"- $%#-#!""# %"#"# "" "%#" ",#-,- "# ,-'+/",- "#+#!. T%"-
)#%/",",- ("#! %/"-* /"'".E*% ,%#"/ -#,'#-" ,%-#! %"- $"" $%#!)""# #- ("#! "$" -"",- %#!"#
$%')%-"# ,%"-*.
D,-,. D%"," 60 '!4?6 "'
A#"?"#" 6?12 "+# 30 '!4?6 "'A#"?"#" 2?5 "+# 15 '!4?6 "'
18
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
20/25
• F%#-/$$"#/"'-#D%#!%,"# #","/ ("#! %*%-* $"" $%')%-"# "/. S%/"-# '%#-')+/"# #,-,-
$%')+/+ "" '+," -+#! +!" '%#-')+/"# #,-,- $%')+/+ "" /"-# ,%-#!!""$" '%#-#!""# %"#"# "" "# '%#-')+/"# ,-'+/",- "#+#!.
E*% *"'"-#"'-#(" '%#(%+$"- %*%-# "$- +"#! '%#-')+/"# %*% SSP.H"+, -!+#""# ,"#!" "-?"- $"" $",-%# -$%%#,- "# $"" $-" %#!"# -$%*-
$,".K')-#",- )" -#- %#!"# $%#!"')" MAO ""/" #" -#-",-. O)" -#- -" -!+#""#"/"' ,-, )%," =:75 '!"-> $"" "#! ("#! )%,-", ""# '%#-#!""# %"-"#,% ,%-#!!" "#(" )/% -!+#""# "/"' ,-, '",-'"/ 75 '!"- ,%)"!"-%#!%,"#.
D,-,. D%"," 25 '!4 "'A#"?"#" 6?12 "+# 125 '!4 "'A#"?"#" 2?5 "+# 625 '!4 "'
• F%#-/%*-#A"/" "!#-, ,%/%-* %,%$ "/*" 1 "# "#(" ,%-- '%'$%#!"+- %,%$ )%". H"#(",%-- '%'$%#!"+- "#+#! ,%"" /"#!,+#! "# -" '%%/",",- )#+,. M%#(%)")"##,-,- $%')+/+ "" +/- "# "%" ,$/"##-+, ,%-#!!" '%#"-"# %"#"# "".
I!raa%a$ +r!"+%!#r+")% /IN,S
• INS '%#"- )" $-/-"# +#+ "#"?"#" ("#! '%#%-" -#--, "/%!-• D"+/+ - ""-"# INS "$" '%#(%)")"# %*% ,"'$-#! ,-,%'- ,%$%-
%!"#!!+#(" $%+')+"# "# '%")/-,' +/"#!• T"$- ,+- '%#+#+"# */+-",#% -" "" %*% ,"'$-#! /-#-, ("#!
'%')""(""#.M'%",# +!" -" '%#+#+"# '%#!!"#!!+ $%+')+"# "#"?"#" +,-" 3?9 "+#.
• S%%/" $%#!!+#""# 3 )+/"# */+-",# $"" "#"?"#" +,-" 3?11 "+#-/"+"#-#,$-"# -" '%#+#+"# '%#-$-,#(" "-#!"# -+#! ""+ "*- '+,"-+#!
• M""'#(" )%"'%",#)+%,#-%*/+#-,/-%*/+-",#%''%",#% "#-"'-/#
• K%"#(" %#!"# '%#!"')" %,$# "/%!- *",% ""/ '"+$+# *",% /"')".• E*% +"'" $"" '+," -+#!
". '%#!+"#!- -#*/"'",- %#!"# '%')/ $%/%$","# '%-"
). '%#%"# %'",-, #%+*-/. '%#!+"#!- %%'" -#",%/. '%#(%)")"# ",#,-,- -#!"#%. '%#!"')" %",- *",% /"')" ("#! -$%"#""- /% ,%/'",
* E*% S"'$-#! )%,-#$%- $"" '+," -+#!,"- %$"/" "# -#*%,-"#-" "/)-"#,
S+)"u kr++$"
• ,+"+ $%#,")-/ ,%/ '", ,%-#!!" '%#%!" %!"#+/",- ,%/ '", "# $%/%$","#'%-" %'",+ -,"'-#.
• %,%-" "/"' )%#+ ,%'$"# -+#! +#+ '%#%!" "# '%#!)"- -#--,"/%!-.
19
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
21/25
• E*% ,"'$-#!#(" --",- /"/ =)%,-# "# "," $%- $"" '%')"# '+," -+#!• D,-,#(" +#+ $",-%# - "", 6 "+# ""/" 1 ,%'$"# $"" ,%-"$ /+)"#! -+#!
3?4 "/- ,%"- $"" -#%"/ ("#! %"+.I-ra!r+-"u r+")a
• M%+$""# "!%# "#-/-#%!- )%)%#+ ,%'$"# -+#!• B%'"#*"" $"" -#--, "/%!- ("#! $%,-,%# ""+ $%%#-"/• M%'-/-- ,-*" "#- ,%%- -" -!+#""# ,%"" /"/ "# )%'"#*"" +#+
'%#!+"#!- -+#! )%"- ("#! %"- $"" -#--, "/%!-.• %,%-" "/"' )%#+ /"+"# %#!"# "" 003J-)%-"# "/"' 2 ,%'$"# =42
'!> 2? 3 "/- ,%"-.• E*% ,"'$-#!#(" -#!"# '%/-$+- ,"- %$"/" %$-,"-,"# -+#! %"," %-#!.
Iu+!#ra-" /D#%#%"!"%a%"
• B%,-*" "+,"-* • I'+#%"$- '%+$""# $,%, ("#! /"')" "# )%""$ %#!"# '%#!-#%,-"#
"/%!%# ("#! -%"+- '%'-+ %",- "/%!- $"" $",-%# %#!"# ,-, ("#! ,%'"-#'%#-#!".
• T++"##(" ""/" "!" $",-%# '%#"$"- $%#-#!""# /%"#,- %""$ "/%!%#,"'$"- -" -" /"!- '%#+#+"# %",- "/%!- -" %$"$" /% ,%#("" %,%)+
• ""#(" ". L"+"# "/%!%# ("#! ,"#!" %#% =1100.000,"'$"- 11000.000.000
)> -)%-"# 1 2 "/- ,%'-#!!+.A/%!%# -#- )-,""#(" -,+#-"# - )"" +/- /%#!"# "",.S%/"-# ,+#-"# "$" -/"+"# %#!"#'%#!!+#""# ")/% ("#! '%#!"#+#! "//%!%# ,%$%- ,%)+ ,"-+'$+
). K#,%#",- %'+-"# --#!""# ,"'$"- %"$"- ,-, ("#! "$"-/%"#,-.. D,-, -#- %'+-"# -$%""#"# ,%-"$ 2?6 '-#!!+%!"#+#! $""
%,$# /-#-.. T%"$- -/"+"# ,"'$"- $",-%# "$" '%#/%"#,- "/%!%# $"" ,-,
("#! +'+'#(" -+'$"- $"" $"$""# "/%!%#.• P""'%% %*%-*-", -+#+"# %#!"#
". B%+"#!#(" $+,- I!E ). M%#-#!"#(" $+,- I!G. P%+)""# $"" /-'*,- T. B%+"#!#(" $%/%$","# '%-" "- ,%/ ("#! %,%#,--,",-
%. B%+"#!#(" ,%#,---", "-#!"# %""$ "/%!%#.• N"'+# -'+#%"$- %)-/"#! '""/ "# )++ "+ /"'" "# '%')++"#
'-'%# ("#! )%," "- $",-%#
PEN,EGAHAN
P"" ","#(" $%#("- "/%!- "$" -%!" "# -)"!- '%#"- 3 ""$ ("-+
". P%#%!""# $-'%
U#+ '%#%!" ,%#,--,",- ""+ $,%, $%#!%#"/"# -#- %""$ "/%!%#. T-#""# $%"'"""/" '%#!-%#-*-",- )"(- ("#! '%'$+#("- -,- "$-. P"" -)+ "'-/ -)%-"# -%%,-,- ="#$" ,+,+ -"# /"+ "# ""#!> '+/"- -'%,% 3 "# ,%/"'" '%#(+,+- "# )"(-
20
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
22/25
'%#"$" ASI %,/+,-* ,%/"'" 5?6 )+/"#. S%/"-# -+ #/ /-#!+#!"# -/"+"# +#+'%#%!" $""#"# %""$ "/%!%# "# $/+"#.
). P%#%!""# ,%+#%
U#+ '%#%!" '"#-*%,",- /-#-, "/%!- $"" "#" )%+$" ",'" "# $-/% "/%!- ("#! ,+"
%,%#,--,",- %#!"# !%"/" "/%!- ""$ ""/ )%+$""/%!- '""#"# "# +/-. T-#""# ("#!-/"+"# %#!"# $%#!-#""# %""$ $""#"# "/%!%# -#"/"# "# '""#"# ("#! "$"-%"+- %#!"# +- +/-.
. P%#%!""# %,-%
U#+ '%#!+"#!- !%"/" /-#-, "# %"" )%"#(" $%#("-"/%!- %#!"# $%#!-#""#"/%!%# "# $%#!)""#.
LO.3.9 KOMPLIKASI
K'$/-",- -#--, "/%!- ("#! ,%-#! -"/"
". P/-$ -+#! ("#! '%'-/-- "#" $"!#'#-,
-#,$-,-% '++, !/"#,"+'+/",- ,%/?,%/ -#*/"'",- ("#! /+" )-"," )"#("#(" =/%)-%,-#*-/ "# /-'*,- TD4> -$%$/",-" %$-%/ -$%$/",-" !)/% "# '%"$/",-",+"',". P/-$-+#! %"$" +')+"# )%#-!#" ("#! /%')+ %"- $"" /"$-,"# -+#!""+,-#+, -,%)")"# ""#!"# #-. P/($, ("#! %-/ -" '%#(%)")"# '","/"%"$-("#! )%," ""# '%#(%" $%%""# +"" '%/"/+- -+#! "# ,+," +#+)%#"*",
).O--, '%-" ("#! ,%-#! %,-- * % + "'" $"" "#"?"#".
. S-#+,--, $""#","/ '%+$""# -#*/"'",- '+," ,"+ ""+ /%)- ,-#+, $"" #","/.T%"-"-)" %%'" ,-" ,-#+, /% $,%, "/%!-, "/"' '+," ("#!'%#(%)")"# ,+')""# ,-",%-#!!" %"- $%#++#"# ,-!%#",- "# %"#"#+"" #!!" ,-#+,. H"/ %,%)+""# '%#(+)+"# $%+')+"# )"%- %+"'")"%- "#"%) "# ""# '%#(%)")"#+,"#(" *+#!,- )"-% %$-%/ "#"" /"-#"-)" %,+,- '+," /% '%-" $%-#
)"," ("#! -/%$", ,%/ %,-#*-/ =MBP>%#!"# "-)" ,-#+,--, ""# ,%'"-# $"" =D+"'2006>.
. D-,*+#!,- +)" "/"' %"" ("#! )%"-",- '%+$""# '$/-",- ("#!%,%-#!.D-,*+#!,- +)" $"" -#--, "/%!- -,%)")"# /% %"-#(" ,+')""#+)".S+')""# -#-/" ("#! '%#(%)")"# $%,- "-#",% "# %#-/",-"%%,- %/-#!"%#!"
="+' -'$"#-> %!"#!!+. G"#!!+"# -#- ""# '%#-')+/"# )%)"!"-)%#+ %/"-#"#%/-#!" %#!" )"- "#"'-, '"+$+# *-,-/!-! "- -#!"# -#!!"("#! )%" %!"#+#!"- "+/"'" "# )%"#(" -#--, "/%!- ,%" *"?*" /"-#.
=$%$-#,.+#-$.".-291351H"/"'"#++/.$* >
LO.3.10 PROGNOSIS
S%"" +'+'$",-%# %#!"# -#--, "/%!- "#$" '$/-",- ("#! %,$#%#!"# $%#!)""# '%'-/-- $!#,-, )"-. P"" $",-%# ("#! -%"+- "/%!- %""$
,%)+ ,"- '"" %'+#!-#"# -#--, $",-%# -#- "$" %"- '+,-'"#. P!#,-, ,+/--$%-,- $"" "#"?"#" %#!"# $%#("- ,-#+,--, "# %/-#!" ("#! )%+/"#!. P!#,-,
21
http://eprints.undip.ac.id/29135/1/Halaman_Judul.pdfhttp://eprints.undip.ac.id/29135/1/Halaman_Judul.pdf
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
23/25
("#! %"- "$" -$%#!"+- )"#(" *" %'",+ ,"+, %%)"/"# +)+ '"+$+#"#'"/- "#"'-. P%"/"#"# $%#("- -#--, "/%!- "$" )%"')" )%" $"" +,-" %","'+" "# %"$ )%""# -#!!" %"% /-'" "# %#"'. S%%/" '"," %,%)+ !%"/" /-#-""# ""#! -%'+"# "%#" '%#++##(" ,-,%' %%)"/"# +)+.
LI. MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN ADAB BERSIN DALAM ISLAM
HUKUM ISTINS?AK DAN ISTINSHAR DALAM ISLAM
B%+'+?+'+ ("#! "/"' )""," "")#(" Madhmadhah ""/" '%'",+"# "- %"/"' '+/+ /"/+ '%#!!%"?!%""##(" - "/"'.
S%"#!"# istinsya# ""/" '%'",+"# "- % "/"' /+)"#! -+#! "# '%#!-+$#("-#!!" % $"#!"/ -+#!. S%'%#"" istinsyar ""/" '%#!%/+""# "- "- "/"' -+#!,%%/" )%-,-#,(".
P%-#" )%+'+?+'+ -,%)+"# "/"' ,%+'/" "-, - "#""#(" "/"' "-,L+"- )-# S")"
Q V W V XV Y Z [ \ V ] V ^_ V̀
a Apabila "amu ber$udhu% ma"a ber"umur-"umurlah.a =HR. A)+ D"+ "/?T-'-- N","-"# I)#+ M"". D-#+-/ "- S"- F-- S+##" 1151. H"-, -#- -,"-"# /%S("- A/?A/)"#-.>
4. T%#"#! -,-#,(" "# -,-#," %/" --"(""# ,%"" ,"- "- ,")" N")- Shallallahu &Alaihi 'asallam(
b cd e Vf g Vh W V Y VZ [ \ V ] V i j V
aSiapa yang ber$udhu henda"nya ia beristintsar.a =HR. B+"- M+,/-' "# ,%/"-#%+"#(">
b ce Vd g Vk l [m n op qj V rst uV vW w x Vy g Vh W V l z n {n| V uV Y VZ [ \ V ] V ^_ V̀} V
a Dan apabila salah seorang "amu ber$udhu% ma"a henda"nya ia memasu""an air "e dalamhidungnya lalu ia "eluar"an "embali.a =HR. "/?B+"- M+,/-' "# ,%/"-# %+"#(">
~ • d e Vf g Vh W V l z n {n| V uV Y VZ [ \ V ] V ^_ V̀
a Apabila seorang "amu ber$udhu henda"nya dia beristinsya#.a =HR. M+,/-'>
q p €q V ‚ V \ƒ n ] V ‚ uV „[ ̀ … q• V d e† „ ̂vW ‡ k qˆ V} V ‰ ˆ q V ŠV ^ i V g ˆ V w h ‹Œ V } V oV \Z n \ n k ^ ‡ † uVaSempurna"an $udhu dan sela-sela di antara ari-emari serta bersungguh-sungguhlahdalam memasu""an air "e hidung *istinsya#) "ecuali saat eng"au sedang berpuasa.a =HR.A,")+, S+#"# "# -,"-"# S("- A/?A/)"#->
S#%u&&u'*a A$$a' M#"!a" Ora& *a& B#r%"
D"- A)+ H+"-" "-("//"+ Ž"#+ )"","#(" R",+//+//" ,"//"//"+ Ž"/"-- " ,"//"' )%,")"
22
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
24/25
S%,+#!!+#(" A//" '%#(+"- )%,-#. =HR B+"-> B%,-# '%+$""# ,%,+"+ ("#!-,+"- "%#" )%,-# "$" '%#(%""# )""# "# '%#!-/"#!"# %-#!-#"# +#+ ,%/"/+'%#!%#("#!"# $%+ ,%" "$" '%')+" ,%'"#!" +#+ )%-)"".
Menguap
• M%#!+"$ -/"+"# "%#" )%)%"$" $%#(%)") "#"" /"-# '%#!"#+ !%/-," )++"')""# ,-!%#.
• I,/"' +!" '%#!"+ )"!"-'"#" '%#!+"$ (! Ž)"-C.
• D"- A)+ H+"-" RA )"" R",+/+// SA )%,")"
‚ n q‘ V g • [ k^ ’ V “ Z V q”V V q– V ^_ V̀ l z n { V| V uV ‚ [ — W V Ṽ q‘ V e V† ^ qj V ™nš[b n g Vh W V l z n {n| V uV › V oV qc V] V ^_ V— W V ‚ q‘ V g • [ k^ i j › n œ n qc Ve [k^+Menguap adalah dari setan% i"a salah seorang dari "alian menguap% ma"a
henda"nya ditahan semampu dia% sesungguhnya i"a salah seorang dari "alian
*"eti"a menguap) mengata"an *"eluar bunyi)( ,hah% ma"a setan terta$a. =HR. A/?B+"- M+,/-' "# -#- /"*" -"(" A/?B+"->
• D- "-, /"-#
Ṽ q‘ V e V† ^ qj V l ƒ g Vh W V l z n { n| V uV › V oV qc V] V ^_ V— W V ‚ q‘ V g • [ k^ i j žŸ [ k̂ ¡W › n œ nqc Ve [k^M%#!+"$ %-" ,/" ""/" "- ,%"# -" ,"/" ,%"#! "- "/-"# '%#!+"$'"" ""#/" ,%'"'$+#(". =HR T-'-->
• D%#!"# "" /"-# I,/"' MEN¢ARANKAN -" +#+ '%#""# =-"> '%#!+"$.
-" -" +" '"" %#"#(" '%#!+"$ %#!"# '%#++$ '+/+ "# -"'%#!%/+""# )+#(- Ž"C "$"/"!- -#!!" Ž+"""C.
DA8TAR PUSTAKA
A/?A,"( A)+ I,"#. "# "--(" U''+ I,"# . /anduan Amal Sehari Semalam .%""# %?3 "/. 277 280. D"- $%'""-,/"'.'-,/"'?",""'"/"#192?"")?%-"?)%,-#.'/.
B%+S-# . "# A/-, T!-", =2011>. /athophysiology of Allergic and 0onallergic Rhinitis. +#"/ * A' T" S.
-
8/19/2019 TM sk1.docx
25/25
P%"% E%/(# .2009.A#"'- "# F-,-/!- +#+ P""'%-,.""" G"'%-" P+,""U"'"
S'"// P%%. "# K-' H"/ =2011>. Allergy% Asthma 1 2linical Immunology% 7=S+$$/1>S3. F' $.""-+#"/.'#%#7S1S3
T"'"' B"+/ . "- $."?-,/"'.'%"-)""2011041914231"-)#("? )%+'++'+?"#?-,-#,("?"/"'?++£,",.7)4LNT.$+*
http://www.aacijournal.com/content/7/S1/S3http://www.aacijournal.com/content/7/S1/S3