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TLS State of the Union

ApacheCon NA 2016Sander Temme – sctemme@apache.org

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Heartbleed Impact: >60% of sites vulnerable!

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How Many Eyeballs Are There? Really?

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The Linux Foundation Steps In

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The Linux Foundation Steps In

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Core Infrastructure Initiative Grant for OpenSSL Development

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So, What Else Happened…

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So, What Else Happened…

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What’s Going On Today?

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Pervasive TLS Deployment

▌High Traffic Sites now default to TLSGoogle, YouTube, Yahoo!, Facebook, Twitter, Netflix (soon), …

▌ Increased consciousness

▌ Increased expertiseSecurityPerformance (https://istlsfastyet.com)

▌Going Dark is the new defaultGoogle treats you better when you’re on TLS

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Go Dark for Free: Let’s Encrypt!

▌Free, Automated, and Open Certificate tool

▌Supported by all the browsers

▌ It’s easy!Run software agent on serverMust have root on hostCreates SSL vhost for Apache httpd

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The Backdoor Debate

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The Backdoor Debate

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Certificates Ain’t What They Used to Be

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Certificates

▌Don’t use self-signedIt’s never been a good ideaNow even less so

▌PKI is HardDon’t set up your own toy PKIDo it right or not at all

▌Buy certs for Intranet sitesFrom cheap commercial CAsProblem solved

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What’s Next?

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More Patches

▌ Increased OpenSSL Development

▌ Increased Adoption

▌ Increased Scrutiny

▌ Which OpenSSL version?

The one that came with your OSyum update etc.

▌ OpenSSL release streams

0.9.x is dead, don’t use it1.0.1t released May 3, 20161.0.2h released May 3, 20161.1.x is in pre-release

Expect more patches, faster

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Recommended Key Sizes

▌Currently (May 2016)RSA: 2048bitECC: 256bit

▌Hashes: SHA-256Chrome: certificates with SHA-1 in chain insecureRoot certificates with SHA-1 ok

https://security.googleblog.com/2014/09/gradually-sunsetting-sha-1.html

http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-57pt1r4

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Transport Layer Security 1.3

▌Currently in developmenthttps://tlswg.github.io/tls13-spec/

▌Faster

▌More secure

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Serverwww.example.com

TLS Static Key Handshake

Root CA Certificate

Server Certificate

Client

Here’s a Secret Scooby Snack

Hello!

Hello, it’s me!

Verify Server Identity

Derive Session Keys

Encrypted Communications

NOM NOM decrypt

NOM

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Serverwww.example.com

Handshake with Forward Secrecy

Root CA Certificate

Server Certificate

Client

Hello!

Hello, it’s me!

Verify Server Identity

Derive Session Keys

Encrypted Communications

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OPEN

Content Inspection

Interwebs

Inspection/WAF Origin Server(s)

Switch Origin Server(s)

httpd WAF

httpd

httpd

Inspection/WAF

TLS

TLS

Re-encrypt

Port spanning

TLS

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Content Inspection in a Forward Secrecy World

InterwebsApplication

Delivery Controller

Origin Server(s)httpd

Inspection/WAF

plaintext

TLS Re-encrypt

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OPEN

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Strong and Getting Stronger

▌Deeper understanding of the risks

▌ Improved developmentAttentionFunding

▌Pervasive adoption

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What Can You Do?

▌Use the tools wellDon’t make smiley faces

▌ Inform yourselfMuch information on the googlewebs

▌Don’t be a certificate problemGet rid of SHA-1 based certsBrowser vendors don’t like to show errors to your users but they will

▌Deploy patchable infrastructureBetter software is just down the road

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Further Reading

▌ TLS 1.3 RFC in developmenthttps://tlswg.github.io/tls13-spec/

▌Blogs, Talks, Presentationshttps://istlsfastyet.com/https://blog.twitter.com/2013/forward-secrecy-at-twitter-0https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2015/11/04/sha-1-deprecation-update/https://t.co/83UYUE7XZP (Chrome browser SSL related warnings)http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/04/it-wasnt-easy-but-netflix-will-soon-use-https-to-secure-video-streams/https://security.googleblog.com/2014/08/https-as-ranking-signal_6.html

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Questions and Discussion

▌http://www.slideshare.net/sctemme

▌ sctemme@apache.org

▌Follow @keysinthecloud on Twitter