TL III Genetic Gains program improvement plan_ICRISAT_Chickpea ESA
-
Upload
tropical-legumes-iii -
Category
Science
-
view
34 -
download
1
Transcript of TL III Genetic Gains program improvement plan_ICRISAT_Chickpea ESA
TL III Program Improvement Plans Chickpea ESA Chris Ojiewo & Pooran Gaur
Trends in the area and productivity of chickpea in Ethiopia
Distribution of chickpea growing areas in Ethiopia
Major Challenges limiting full exploitation
• fusarium wilt, ascochyta blight, pod borers, • limited availability of quality seed, • role and limited use of rhizobia inoculation, • water and micro-nutrient stresses and • limited application of ICM/IPM practices. • presence of too many middle men, • lack of standards, • high post-harvest losses and • poor storage facilities
Enabling environment
• access to financial services; limited presence of financial institutions in rural areas,
• low human and institutional capacity in research, • extension and development, • gender inequity in the access to resources, participation in decision
making and sharing benefits, • negative attitude of young men and women towards agriculture • underutilization of electronic media in providing up to date
information and access to support services.
Chickpea production and productivity targets to 2020.
Target Chickpea
Production Baseline (t) 458,682
Proposed (t) 690,000
Change (%) 50.4
Productivity Baseline (kg/ha) 1,913
Proposed (kg/ha) 2,800
Change (%) 46.4
Area Baseline (ha) 239,751
Proposed (ha) 246,429
Change (%) 2.8
Value Chain Approach to Program Improvement
Discovery Research Intervention Priority Time-line
Genomic studies to identify genes, genetic markers or
group of genes that confer resistance to key stresses and
quality traits
H MT-LT
Improved understanding and utilization of rhizobial
symbiosis
H ST
Strengthen the collection and characterization of genetic
resources
M LT
Adapt and apply chickpea crop simulation models to
simulate site specific crop growth and yield and formulate
management strategies
H ST
Crop Improvement
Develop varieties with resistance to multiple constraints
(fusarium, ascochyta and drought) and market preferred
traits
H ST-MT
Develop breeding line and varieties with superior
nodulation and nitrogen fixing efficiency (GxSxE)
M LT
Develop Kabuli varieties with bold seed size (>55g/100
seed) and high yield for export market
H ST-MT
Intervention Priority Time-line
Agronomic Research
Generate better understanding of interactions between
variety, climate and soil on growth, pest and disease
incidence
H ST
New knowledge and information on role of nutrient
including micronutrients and water stresses growth,
performance, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of different
genotypes
M MT
Develop package of practices with integrated crop and pest
management practices for chickpea production under
rainfed and irrigated systems
H ST
Develop appropriate tools for mechanization of chickpea
cultivation
M MT
Seed Systems
Develop viable models with public-private
partnership that support continuous production
and availing of quality breeder, foundation and
certified seed
H ST
Priority H=high; M=Medium; L=low Timeline: ST= short term 2-3 yrs, MT=Medium term 3-5 yrs; LT=Long term >5 yrs
Intervention Priority Time-line
Soil health
Intervention Priority Time-line
Map the target domains for yield limiting soil
nutrient and other constraints and
recommendations
M MT
Promote crop rotations and cropping systems for
sustainable use of soil and water resources and
break pest and disease cycles
H ST
Watershed
Intervention Priority Time-line
Promote land and water management practices
including irrigation to minimize degradation and
enhance stability
H ST
Farm management
Intervention Priority Time-line
Characterize chickpea production domains and
identify opportunities for integrating chickpea
into various farming systems
H ST
Quantify risks and opportunities created by
variable climate and formulate management
options that reduce risk and capitalize on
opportunities
H ST
Understand and quantify the changes in climate
and their impacts on chickpea production and
develop appropriate management options
M ST-MT
Knowledge sharing
Intervention Priority Time-line
Promote dissemination of extension information
using ICT tools including internet and mobiles
H ST
Develop an integrated platform for sharing
information to all stakeholders from farmers to
policy makers
M MT
Conditioning, Storage & Aggregation
Intervention Priority Time-line
Develop and promote grading/quality control
measures by quality linked pricing
M MT
Improve storage facilities and reduce post-
harvest losses
M MT-LT
Processing and value addition
Intervention Priority Time-line
Develop and promote alternate food products
that create demand for chickpea
M LT
Promote farmer-processor linkages for improved
market access
H ST
End User Demand Projections and Trends
Intervention Priority Time-line
Understand consumer needs and preferences for
chickpea and its products
H ST
Develop and disseminate production and demand
outlooks from time to time
M MT
Crop-Livestock Interactions
Intervention Priority Time-line
Understand the feed quality of chickpea varieties
and develop options to optimal use of chickpea
residue
H ST
Financial services (microcredits/insurance)
Intervention Priority Time-line
Develop guidelines and promote formation and
operation of self-help and thrift groups especially
by women
H MT
Develop appropriate mechanisms (e.g., voucher
systems, warehouse receipt system etc)for
financial institutions to support value chain actors
H MT
Develop and promote innovative insurance
products to cover risk from occasional crop
failures
M LT
Infrastructure (Human and Institutional Capacity)
Intervention Priority Time-line
Strengthen the infrastructure at research stations
to conduct basic and applied research using
advanced tools and methods
M LT
Enhance capacity of researchers and extension
agents in using cost effective modern techniques
in generating and disseminating knowledge and
information
H ST
Strengthen input and output market system H ST
Value chain policies
Intervention Priority Time-line
Facilitate policies that enhance efficient exchange
of germplasm between countries
M LT
Facilitate simple and effective policies that
simplify variety release and seed certification
process
M LT
Facilitate development of policies on use of
biopesticides and IPM products
M LT
Facilitate formulation of policies that improve
private sector engagement
H ST
Labor and mechanization Intervention Priority Timeline
Facilitate development and supply of locally suitable
equipment for land preparation and planting
H ST
Adapt to local conditions and promote ICRISAT and ICAR
developed multi-purpose tool bars and implements for timely
and efficient weeding and intercultural operations with
reduced drudgery
H
ST
Identify and test harvesting, threshing and winnowing
equipment and facilitate its local production
M
LT
Establish small scale rural enterprises to provide machines
and maintenance services
H
ST
Gender (Women and youth issues) Intervention Pri. Time
Identify and promote business oriented and technology-driven farming to provide self-employment opportunities and income generation to the youth
H ST
Improve understanding of the social structures, including gender, age and wealth dimensions that influence technology choices and uptake, resource use patterns and market access
M LT
Promote micro-processing and value addition to expand market and income generating opportunities for the youth
H ST
Provide better and equitable access to relevant information and technologies by developing appropriate ICT tools and applications
H ST
Develop adaptive models/agendas for ‘inclusive innovation systems’ as learning
and innovation platforms for women and youth in agriculture
H ST
Identify and promote appropriate mechanization interventions that help conduct farm operations with precision and less drudgery
S ST
Data Systems Intervention Pri. Time
Develop and implement big data systems that integrate and provide access to data from different sources
H ST
Develop and promote ICT tools and mobile apps that provide access to tailored information on climate, soil and water management
H ST
TL III Program Improvement Plans Strategic planning for capacity improvement for target breeding
Develop formal product concepts for varieties
identify potential product concepts
a minimum of 4 product concepts
evaluate the potential product concepts on the basis of market size,
scale and potential, farmer preference and economic value
conduct market research survey to rank identified product concepts
prioritize product concepts and subsequent breeding activities
select product concepts to focus breeding pipeline strategies
TL III Program Improvement Plans Strategic planning for capacity improvement for target breeding
Human capacity development
identify and implement formal training opportunities integral to improving the rate
of genetic gain
• identify skill gaps in relevant research areas
• identify 5-10 suitable post-graduate research projects
identify and implement gender equality strategies,
• create incentive scheme and affirmative action program to attract and employ
female graduates in plant breeding related disciplines
• provide research career development and planning training for female staff
TL III Program Improvement Plans Strategic planning for capacity improvement for target breeding
Human capacity development
develop performance management systems
• All teams to develop role descriptions
• develop a document detailing organizational goals
• develop a document that is goal customizable, including development needs,
for individuals but ultimately links to the common organizational goals
• put in place appropriate and competitive reward and promotion system linked
to personal performance
TL III Program Improvement Plans Enhanced varietal development pipelines Design product pipelines to efficiently develop varieties aligned with the product concepts a base-line status report of key components of the breeding programs • estimate the cost of breeding activities (e.g. land costs, planting harvesting)
• estimate land and facility limitations
• Estimate an annual budget for efficient breeding
• list of existing equipment and infrastructure aligned to breeding programs (e.g.
planting and harvesting equipment, cold stores, glasshouses, freezers).
• document current product pipeline (numbers of lines at each stage, selection
methods, testing and locations).
TL III Program Improvement Plans Enhanced varietal development pipelines Design product pipelines to efficiently develop varieties aligned with the product concepts
• Identify appropriate required rapid generation advance capacities in the
context of product concept focused pipelines (screen house facilities, bird proof
lath house, shuttle breeding, off-season nurseries, irrigation facilities, rearing
cage, DH facilities, green-house).
• Identify level and type of services required from supporting disciplines (IT,
pathology, nutrition quality, statistics and biometry, markers).
• Identify new equipment and infrastructure required
TL III Program Improvement Plans Enhanced varietal development pipelines
Design product pipelines to efficiently develop varieties aligned with the product
concepts
• redesign product pipelines to deliver varieties consistent with product concepts
making use of mechanization and off season capacities.
• include a seed roadmap to ensure timely seed availability for variety release
and popularization.
• document new product pipeline and timeline to full implementation.
TL III Program Improvement Plans Enhanced varietal development pipelines
Develop and implement relevant mechanization and efficiency measures
develop nomenclature and systems suitable for electronic data storage
• develop and document pedigree formats
• develop and document formats for trial naming, plot identification and seed
source
• develop and document formats for trait names
TL III Program Improvement Plans Enhanced varietal development pipelines
Develop and implement relevant mechanization and efficiency measures
develop a plan for training and implementation of mechanization and efficiency
measures identified in product pipelines including:
• enhanced statistical designs and analysis methods
• packet printing and barcode systems
• electronic data capture fieldbook/FieldScorer (tablets, scales etc)
• standardized description of all traits scored in the field in the program
• appropriate digital scales
• rapid generation advance
TL III Program Improvement Plans Enhanced varietal development pipelines
IT and associated equipment support
• providing support to breeding programs for the use of IT and devices.
• setting up appropriate server computers and devices that can be used across all
programs (barcode scanners, packet printers, electronic scales and tablets).
• suitable plant breeding database management system (BMS)
Statistical support for breeding pipelines
necessary skills in up to date analysis of breeding trials (mixed model, pedigree,
spatial)
TL III Program Improvement Plans Enhanced varietal development pipelines
Pathology support for breeding pipelines
• identify priority traits and screening methods for high throughput early
generation disease screening.
• estimate of number of genotypes and numbers of screens per genotype per
year based on optimized breeding pipeline.
• acquire or develop appropriate screening protocols and equipment.
TL III Program Improvement Plans Enhanced varietal development pipelines
Nutritional quality support for breeding pipelines
• Work with food specialists to identify priority traits and screening methods for
high throughput early generation nutritional quality screening.
• estimate of number of genotypes and numbers of assays per genotype per year
based on optimized breeding pipeline.
TL III Program Improvement Plans Enhanced varietal development pipelines
marker support for breeding pipelines
• Develop a plan for the implementation of DNA markers including suitable
marker platforms, equipment acquisition, sample preparation and tracking, and
provision of higher level of technical support to plant breeders.
• identify suitable diagnostic markers
TL III Program Improvement Plans Enhanced varietal development pipelines
implement optimised breeding pipelines
• technological advances to reduce generation intervals and to increase the
numbers of crosses made
• increase the numbers of lines/crosses included at each stage of testing in line
with optimized pipelines
• optimised selection processes, including the timing, the type and the intensity
annually review costings of major elements of optimized breeding pipeline
• ensure the availability of sufficient seed quantities and quality of advanced and
pre-commercial parent lines and varieties in line with the seed roadmap
TL III Program Improvement Plans Enhanced varietal development pipelines
Implement formal product advancement systems to ensure released varieties
are both superior to existing varieties and preferred by farmers and end-users
• Develop a formal product advancement process that identifies truly superior
products/varieties, incorporating feedback from farmers, seed producers and
end-users
• optimized seed roadmap procedures to ensure timely seed availability for variety
release and popularization
Identify bottlenecks or constraints to dissemination and adoption of new
varieties
• a survey and market research to identify the bottlenecks/constraints to the
dissemination and adoption of new varieties
• develop a product specific approach for the promotion and dissemination of
new varieties
TL III Program Improvement Plans Product support and market strategies
Implement product support processes, market plans and seed roadmaps
• seed increase, marketing and dissemination of new varieties arising from the
formal product advancement process,
• develop and implement dissemination plans for each new variety, interfacing
with extension and marketing department of MoA
TL III Program Improvement Plans Product support and market strategies