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Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Elétrica -
CEPEL
Autor/apresentador
Área
Título do trabalho
The Role of Hydropower in the
Brazilian Electrical Energy
System Expansion
Workshop “Promoting Flexible
Use of Hydropower”
Hotel New Otani, Tokyo, Japan
4th February 2013
Jorge Machado Damazio DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OPTIMIZATION AND ENVIRONMENT
ELECTRIC ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
Principles and Objectives of the Brazilian
Energy Policy
Security of Supply
Tariff moderateness
Universal Access
Respect to Existent Contracts
Strengthening of the Planning
Matrix Diversification: Renewable Energy
National Integration
National Technological Development
Compromise with Socioenvironmental Issues
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
3
Energy Planning
National Energy Plan
National Energy Matrix
Decennial Energy Expansion
Plan
Auctions
Monitoring
1 to 3 years visions
Programming Vision
Median and Short Term Studies (up to 10 years)
Strategic Vision
Long Term Studies (up to 30 years)
Oil and Gas Electrical Energy
Transmission
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
4 Growth of Domestic Supply of Energy and Gross Domestic Product(%)
Events 1999-2009 (reduction of the energy intensity):
Electricity Supply Crises 2000/2002 (more rationality and efficiency)
Global Crises 2008 (strong reduction in the production of energy intensity products)
Relatively more exportation of products with less electric energy
(more alumina and less aluminum; more iron ore and less steel; etc)
Lighter weight and more efficient vehicles
Events 2009-2019 (increase of the energy intensity):
World Cup 2014, Olympic Games 2016, exploration of the pre-salt
Strong increase in the production of steel, cellulose, cement and energy sectors
3,31%
4,70%
2,56%
5,84%
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
1999 - -2009 2009 - 2019
GDP
ENERGY
Sources: IBGE, 2008 and PDE 2019
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
Final Energy Consumption: International Comparison
Per capita
(toe/inhab)
1,8
4,4 4,6
11,0
19,1
Brasil Mundo China OCDE EUA
Source: IEA Database (2010)
5
World USA Brazil
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
Macroeconomics Parameters
Parameter 2009 2019 % per
year
GDP (109 R$) 3.143 4.966 4,7
Population (106) 191 207 0,8
GDP per capita (R$/inhab) 16.416 24.042 3,9
Domestic Supply of Energy per capita (toe/inhab) 1,274 2,081 5,0
Domestic Supply of Energy per GDP (toe/103 R$) 0,078 0,087 1,1
Final Electricity Consumption per capita (kWh/inhab) 2.231 3.441 4,4
Source: PDE 2019
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
7 Domestic Supply and Consumption of Energy (106 tep)
62
240
544
112
244
430
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1979 2009 2019
PRODUÇÃO DEMANDA
déficit
45%
maximum from 1970 to 2009
deficit
5%
Superavit
23%
déficit
45%
maximum from 1970 to 2009
deficit
5%
Superavit
23%
déficit
45%
maximum from 1970 to 2009
Superavit
23%
deficit
45%
am from 1970 to 2009
Superavit
23%
DSE CONSUMPTION
Surplus
23%
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
Energy Domestic Supply Matrix (%)
Source: PDE 2020
37.7
10.3
5.2
1.4
14.1
9.5
17.7
4.0
30.3
14.4
6.1
1.4
12.5
8.3
21.8
5.1
PETRÓLEO GÁS NATURAL
CARVÃO MINERAL
NUCLEAR HIDRÁULICA LENHA E C.VEGETAL
PRODUTOS DA CANA
OUTRAS
2010 2020
2010 106 toe: 267,4
% renewable: 45,3
2020 106 toe: 439,7
% renewable: 47,7
Energy (103 toe)
World 2008: 12.267 → Brazil 2009: 2,0%
World 2020: 14.882 → Brazil 2020: 2,9%
OIL NATURAL GAS
FUELWOOD CHARCOAL
MINERAL COAL
HYDRAULIC SUGARCANE PRODUCTS
OTHERS
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
HYDROPOWER in BRAZIL 9
Hydroelectric energy is the
main energy source in Brazil
for electricity
The Total Potential to be
explored is estimated as 260
GW,
only 30% is in operation
Brazil Potential: 261,3 GW
Operation: 30,9%
North
8,2% of 109,7 GW Northeast
41.8% of
26,3 GW
Southeast/Center-
West
45,6% of 82,2 GW
South
53,9% de
43,1 GW
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
10 BRAZILIAN WIND POTENTIAL
Expected 300 GW 143 GW
272.2 TWh/year
Height 50m– Turbines of 0,5 MW Height 100m – Turbines of 2 MW
Source: CRESESB/CEPEL, 2001.
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
11 Other Options for the Electrical Matrix
Bioenergy
Nuclear Energy
Sixtieth uranium reserve of the world. (309,000 tons proved
and 800,000 ton probable)
Nuclear Energy promises a strong expansion after 2030 (55
GW up to 2050).
Low emission and secure supply
A large bioenergy program
Biomass in the range of 500 MW / year, which means more
than 6.000 MW up to 2016
Efficiency A large potential of energy savings: 10%
PROCEL
PNEf – National Program of Energetic Efficiency
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
ELECTRICAL MATRIX (%)
74.3
2.7 5.7
1.3 2.7 1.5 5.1
0.4
6.3
69.0
2.8 4.6 2.3 1.0 1.6
10.0
4.3 4.4
2010 2020
2010 544,9 TWh
86,2%
remewable
2020 867,3 TWh
87,7%
renewable
Source: PDE 2020
MINERAL COAL
NATURAL GAS
NUCLEAR HYDRO INDUSTRIAL GAS
BIOMASS WIND IMPORTATION OIL
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
Hydropower Inventory Studies
Source: ANEEL and PAC 2011
MAIN STUDIES
Approved by
ANEEL
1 Tapajós/Jamanxim: 14.245 MW (7 projects)
2 Teles Pires/ Apiacás: 3.697 MW (5 projects)
Concluded
Hydrograph Basin MW UF
Araguaia 3.100 GO / MT / PA / TO
Jari 1.100 AP / PA
Juruena 5.000 AM / MT
Branco 2.000 RR
Tibagi 1.291,5 PR
Running
Studies (PAC)
Hydrograph Basin MW UF
8 Aripuanã 3.000 AM / MT / RO
9 Sucunduri 650 AM
10 Trombetas 3.000 PA
Total 19.141,5
3 5
1 9
4
10
8 2
6
7
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
Hydroelectric Expansion
Project River MW UF Operatipm
Operation between 2014 and 2019
a Belo Monte Xingu 11,233 PA 2015 f Teles Pires Teles Pires 1,820 MT 2015
Outras (10 UHEs) vários 1,716 vários 2014/19
Subtotal 14,769
Future auctions: Operation between 2015 and 2019
2 Foz do Apiacás Apiacás 275 MT 2015 2 São Manoel Teles Pires 746 MT / PA 2015 2 Sinop Teles Pires 461 MT 2015
1 São Luiz do Tapajós Tapajós 6,133 PA 2016
b São Roque Canoas 214 RS 2017 c Marabá Tocantins 2,160 PA 2018 d Itapiranga Uruguai 725 RS / SC 2018 e Serra Quebrada Tocantins 1,328 TO 2018 3 Torixoréu Araguaia 408 PA 2019 1 Jatobá Tapajós 2,336 PA 2019 1 Jardim do Ouro Jamanxim 227 PA 2019
1 Cachoeira dos Patos Jamanxim 528 PA 2019
1 Jamanxim Jamanxim 881 PA 2019 1 Cachoeira do Caí Jamanxim 802 PA 2019 Others vários 1,391 vários 2015/19 Subtotal of future auctions 18,615
Total 33,384 2014/19
3 8
1
4 9
6
5
1
0 7 c
e
d
b
a
2
Fonte: PDE 2019, MME (atualizado 01.03.2011)
f
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
Transmission Lines Expansion
g
f
1 2
3
5
4
b 2
a
e
c d
Project State km Conclusion
1 InterconnectionTapajós – SE PA, MT, GO and SP 4.400 2017
2 Interconnection N-NE e N-SE PA, TO, MA, PI, CE, PE
and BA 8.350 2016
3 Interconnection Teles Pires - SE MT, GO and SP 4.500 2015
4 Interconnection Manaus - Boa
Vista AM and RR 750 2014
5 Reinforcements in SouthEast
Region 500 kV Transmission
Lines MG, SP, RJ, MT and GO 5.350 2015
(a) Manaus, (b) Belo Monte, (c) AC/RO, (d) Tapajós, (e) Teles Pires, (f) Itaipu, (g) Boa
Vista
Source: PDE 2020, MME
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
Implemented in areas with low or no anthropogenic activity
Reconciliation between electricity generation and environment
Keep the impact restricted to the plant site
Recuperation of the affected area during the construction phase
Operation with small number of staff in turn-over labor periods
“Platform” Hydropower Plants”
16
Construction Completion Forest is Recovered
Natural Area
Construction phase
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
Source: Eletrobras (2009), PAC 2
Hydrograph Basin HPs Installed
Capacity[MW]
Tapajós River 7 14.245
Araguaia River
(Mortes River) 2 396
Madeira River (Ji-
Paraná River) 1 350
Juruena River 3 5.162*
TOTAL 13 20.153
Inundation Index: Tapajos Complex– 0,21
km2/MW
Actual Index – 0,49 km2/MW
17
* Feasibility
For each km² of
intervention, 101
km² preserved
“Platform” Hydropower Plants”
Workshop Promoting Flexible Use of Hydropower | Tokyo, JAPAN - FEB/2013
AND AFTER 2030 18
Brazil Potential: 261,3 GW
Operation: 30,9%
North
8,2% of 109,7 GW Northeast
41.8% of
26,3 GW
Souteast/Center-West
45,6% of 82,2 GW
South
53,9% de
43,1 GW
By 2030 the Brazilian Hydropower Potential will be almost completely developed
Long term studies indicate that the country will nedd thermal plants (conventional and nuclear) supplying the base load