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Civil War: A Summary
April 1861 to April 1865
North vs. South OR: United States of America vs. Confederate
States of America OR: Union vs. Confederacy
The main cause of the war: the issue of slavery
Fought in America, mostly in the South– it is the largest war ever fought on U.S. soil
the Civil War: a summary
The Civil War was the deadliest war in American history with 620,000 deaths
In no other war has America lost so many people
In fact, only with our most recent wars in Iraq & Afghanistan, has the total number of deaths in ALL wars ever fought equaled that killed in the 4 years of the Civil War
For example: Civil War deaths = 620,000
Total deaths from all other American Wars (Revolutionary War to modern-day war in Iraq & Afghanistan) = 655,750
United States of America
23 states led by President Abraham
Lincoln (who was born in Kentucky)
Confederate States of America
11 states that had seceded (secede = to break away) from the U.S.
Led by President Jefferson Davis (who was born in Kentucky)
USA vs. CSA
All 11 CSA states were slave states
Most of the 23 USA states were free states– however, 4 slave states remained in the Union and did not secede: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware
These slave states that stayed in the Union were known as border states
West Virginia became the 24th Union state during the Civil War, when it broke away from Virginia
It, too, was a border state– but outlawed slavery during the war
Total War
“Wounded men were brought into our house and laid side by side in our halls and rooms…carpets were so saturated with blood as to be unfit for further use.”
The Civil War is known as a total war because no American was left untouched by the conflict
Farms became battlefields
Cities became army camps & training grounds
Homes were transformed into makeshift hospitals
The Civil War is also considered the first modern war
The armies were equipped with new weapons and instruments of war:• artillery with “rifled” or grooved barrels for
greater accuracy• repeating rifles• ironclad ships• observation balloons
Modern War
The Union (North) won the Civil War
The war changed our nation in two important ways
1. It established our identity as nation that could withstand/survive any challenge– even a war between the states (and since 1865, no state has tried to secede)
2. The war helped change the laws to give “liberty for all” in the U.S.– slavery was abolished (although the road to true equality has been a long one)
Outcome of the War