Title : “Why, what and how Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone -
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Transcript of Title : “Why, what and how Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone -
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Title :
“Why, what and how Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone -
Some experiences in Holland”
by
Robbert MisdorpAdvisor to Neth. Min. V&W, Advisor to the Romanian PlanCoast &Neth. Gov. Peer Reviewer for UN-
IPCC.EU-PlanCoast Conference Constanta, May/June 2007
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Contents:
1. Why & What Spatial Planning : Globally and in Holland
2. Coastal urbanisation in Holland and Belgium: a world of difference
3. Rotterdam Harbour and sustainable development: 1993 – 2010
4. Netherlands North Sea Integrated Spatial Planning and Implementation – 2015
5. European coastal sustainability indicators applied in The Netherlands, 2006
6. Netherlands Progress Report on ICZM Implementation for the EU, 2005
7. General Conclusions
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1. What & Why Spatial Planning
Coastal Zone: Many definitions – common elements:
• Coastal zone is a broad, wide area with a marine and terrestrial part,
• The terrestrial part of the coastal zone: the natural and socio-economic processes of sea and land meet.
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Why Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone:
The World Coastal Zone - CZ –
so rich in natural resources but so heavily pressured:
•The CZ: more than 50 % of world population is living, working, recreating in the CZ;
•The population in the CZ is growing faster: 2.2% versus 1.8% global growth;
•The economic pressure in the CZ is even more strongly increasing ;
•Many different functional uses: nature, safety against flooding, transport, navigation, harbour, airport, urban settlements, agri-& horticulture, tourism, recreation, oil/gas exploration/exploitation, freshwater purification;
•From the sea side: anticipated impacts of human induced Climate Change being ASLR, storminess, salt water intrusion in coastal aquifers,
will further exacerbates the pressure.
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Why Spatial Planning
in
The Netherlands’ Coastal Zone
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Spatial Planning in the Netherlands’ Coastal Zone:
Drivers :The CZ of Holland: half of the national territory & low lying & productive: • 60% of population, • High pop. density > 500 inh/km2, • 65% of the National GNI is earned• Capital Investment : 5000 Billion Euro, • Agri- & Horticulture: Holland the third largest world exporting country, • The harbour of Rotterdam (largest of Europe) and the national airport Schiphol (third largest
of Europe, at 4.5 m below MSL) together about 20% of the GNI.
Pressures: Growing economic pressure results in conflicts of the different uses and cry for space: • Increasing coastal urbanisation;• Vulnerable to flooding by the sea and rivers, coastal erosion, salt water intrusion in fresh water
aquifers, downstream pollution; • Impacts of Climate Change: anticipated Accelerated Sea Level Rise, increase of storminess, changes
in river discharges: in summer less, in winter more flow, effecting safety, water quality, river transport.
Integrated Coastal Management and Spatial Planning are being applied.
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Why Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone
The Coastal Zone is increasingly squeezed
between terrestrial and marine high dynamic forces: An integrated spatial planning & implementation:
helps to adapt to global changes and
• decreases coastal vulnerabilities, and • increases the sustainable development processes.
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3. Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area – basic figures:
Area: 10 x 40 km2 < 1% of National Territory
Pop.: 1,2 million, Pop.Dens.:3000/ km2 > 7 * Nat.Pop.Density Direct employment: 60,000; Indirect employment: 300,000
2006 -Transshipment Load: 370 million ton
Contribution to GNI: 6,5 %
Largest Harbor of Europe
Many threats and challenges ahead in:Aiming at sustainable development of this complex area
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Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area
Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area is a complex area both in
• Socio-economic sense, as well as in • Natural coastal processes’ sense .
To make such a complex area sustainable productive: that is a real challenge for Integrated Management & Development Measures
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ROM-Rijnmond Program, 1993 – 2010 =
Institutional setting:• Initial Leader : Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment• Board of Directors - High Level Representatives of : 2 Ministries, 1 Province,
16 Towns, Rotterdam Harbor Authority, 600 Harbor Companies and NGO’s,
• Executive , Daily Council : 10 Persons• Covenant of Cooperation signed in 1993 lasting to 2010• Strong vertical and horizontal cooperation & integration,• High level of dissemination and transparency,
Website: www.rom-rijnmond.nl
‘The integrated spatial planning and implementation program for
sustainable development of the Rotterdam Harbor Area, 1993-2010’
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ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 – 2010 =
Socio-economic issues:• Long –term program : 1993 - 2010• Common Investment by all partners:
7.5 Billion Euro
• Harbor related Employment: 90,000
Environmental issues: Nature
conservation/increaseHabitat restorationPollution reductionGreen-Recreation
area increase
Integrated Spatial Planning & Development Program
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ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 – 2010:
Some Results:
EstablishingEstablishing a tropical Shrimp Farm: Using residual heat from the cooling water - Harbour Electric Power Station
ReturningReturning of a Grey Seal Community: man- induced habitat & improved water quality
Planning and Creating new space: Planning and Creating new space:
StrengtheningStrengthening: CoastalNature Function + Recreation +
Research
Residual industrial heat for 50,000 house holds(2006) -> 500,000 (2015)
Using Residual Industrial HeatUsing Residual Industrial Heat
Creating: 1000 ha New Harbor AreaCo-creating: 750 ha Nature + RecreationCompensating: 20,000 ha Marine Reserve
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ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 - 2010
Some Results:
Strong decrease of:
1.Air pollution reaching EU standards for S and fine dust,
and2.Micro-contamimants in river and coastal waters,
sediments and organisms: through institutionalised, coordinated, consistent, long term purification actions at local, national and at international level with input of NGO’s.
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ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 - 2010
Some Economic results: • Increasing Added Value• Contribution to GNI: 6.5 %• Harbor related Employment : 90,000
through coordination, innovation and creating win-win situations : more efficient use of raw material/resources,less waste, less pollution.
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Rotterdam: Trans shipment Goods 1975 - 2005
200
250
300
350
400
Years
Go
od
s in
mil
lio
n
met
ric
ton
s
Goods
y=1.3x+258
y=6.8x+286
The EXTRA accumulative Transshipment Loads during 1996-2005 = 250 million tons goods representing
6.5 Billion Euro in 10 years = good return of the investment of 7 billion Euro!
Start of Integrated Program 1993- 2010
250
Economic results:
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1. Initial National Leader: Ministry of Env.&Spatial Planning2. Clear goal: Sustainable Development of the resources,3. Long term coordination; follow-up program: 2010 - 2020,4. Creating innovative win-win solutions and more space,5. Cooperation between stakeholders & NGO’s is profitable,6. EU acknowledgement: Rotterdam leader of the EU - PEGASUS
(Planning, Environment, Governance & Sustainability) project for sustainable EU Harbours.
Conclusions Rotterdam Harbor - Integrated Spatial Planning & Implementation:
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Overall conclusion:on the performance of
the Greater Rotterdam Harbor, ROM-Rijnmond program 1993-
2010:
Integrated Spatial Planning & Implementation is
Economical and Ecological very much rewarded !
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4. The Integrated Management Plan for the Neth. North Sea 2015
Status:
• Governmental Document 2005,
• Adopted by entire Cabinet in 2006,
• Approved by Parliament in 2006,
• Being implemented & enforced.
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Integrated Management Plan – Neth. North Sea – (IMPN) - 2015:Main Objective:To enhance econ. importance of the North Sea, maintain & develop internat. ecological features by harmonising sustainable economic activities…
Implementation: some examples•‘Opportunity maps’ for eg wind farms, mineral extraction, military restrictions, conservation, navigation, identifies future areas of conflict;
• Pilot Wind farm in operation 2007: 120 MW, next phase: 360 MW, desired output of wind-energy 2020: 6000 MW;
• Creating win-win opportunities: aquaculture/artificial reefs near wind farms;
• Enforcement in action: the sea-going inspection fleets and aerial survey of the different Ministries under one single command: CoastGuard.
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Creating Opportunity maps: Windfarm parks & Shippingfollowed by implementation: Creating windfarms
• 30 Wind mills, 120 MW installed in 2006;
• 60 Wind mills, 240 MW being installed ;
• 1500 MW in 2010;• 6000 MW in 2020.
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More information: Website link:www.noordzeeloket.nl/overig/bibliotheek.asp – publicaties -IBN 2015 (Engels)
Contact:
Mr. Leo de Vrees,Water Manager North Sea,Ministry of Water (V&W),00-31-70-3366609/[email protected]
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Example of land use, spatial Planning in Holland
Four spatial scenarios based on:
different outcomes of competing demands for space and resource utilisation
Holland in 2030 (Neth. Ministry of Spatial Planning)
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7. General Conclusions Integrated Spatial Planning & Implementation
Some experiences in Holland:
• Integrated Spatial Planning : an Effective tool to reduce vulnerability - flooding and environment quality, to increase resilience and sust. development;
• Planning is the first step: initial leader with vision, increased cooperation is highly profitable, communication with all stakeholders + NGO’s;• Implementation is the next step:
creating win-win solutions, zoning, monitoring, legislation, enforcement, evaluation.