Title Notes: The Rise and Fall of Napoleon -...
33
Title Notes: The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Answer these questions in your notes... ● Would you have executed King Louis? Does this violate Enlightenment principles? Why or why not? ● Is the guillotine an example of “cruel and unusual punishment”? Why or why not? ● In the U.S. we have the death penalty. How are the executions during the Reign of Terror similar to this? How are they different?
Transcript of Title Notes: The Rise and Fall of Napoleon -...
Title Notes: The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Answer these questions in your notes...● Would you have executed King Louis? Does this violate
Enlightenment principles? Why or why not?
● Is the guillotine an example of “cruel and unusual punishment”? Why or why not?
● In the U.S. we have the death penalty. How are the executions during the Reign of Terror similar to this? How are they different?
The Rise and Fall of Napoleon
Napoleon Rises to Power
● joined army during Revolution and proclaimed a hero by defending the National Convention from royalists
● appointed by the Directory to lead French army against Austria
Napoleon Rises to Power
● 1799- Directory lost power and Napoleon seized power in a Coup d’Etat
● 1802- Napoleon signs treaty with European powers and ushers in a period of peace
Napoleon as Elected Consul
● a plebiscite, or vote of the people, approved new constitution and Napoleon
Napoleon as Elected Consul
1. economy = enforced tax collection and national banking system
2. government = elected trained officials3. education = set up lycees (gov’t run
schools)
Napoleon as Elected Consul
4. religion = signed a concordat (agreement) with the Pope which recognized the Church’s influence
5. Napoleonic Code = uniform set of laws and eliminated injustice but limited actual liberties
Napoleon as Emperor
● decided to make himself emperor and the French supported him
Napoleon as Emperor
● goal: world domination
Napoleon as Emperor
● Failure in the New World:○ Haitian Revolution○ sold holdings in North
America ---> Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon as Emperor
● In Europe: forced Austria, Prussia, and Russia to sign peace treaties
● largest empire since Roman Empire● couldn’t invade Britain = lost at Battle of
Trafalgar
Napoleon’s Mistakes1. Continental System:
blockade to separate Britain from mainland Europea. wanted to make Europe
more self-sufficientb. weak - still allowed for
British tradec. British responded with
larger blockade
Napoleon’s Mistakes2. Peninsular War: Napoleon tried
to force Portugal to adhere to Continental Systema. sent forces through Spain
which upset them b. Spanish guerrillas, peasant
fighters, attacked French armyc. lost 300,000 men
Napoleon’s Mistakes
3. Invasion of Russia:a. Russia kept sending the British
food ---> Napoleon invadedb. Scorched-earth policy: burning
grain fields and slaughtering livestock so Napoleon’s troops could not eat anything
c. Russian winters extreme- forced to withdraw
What do Napoleon’s mistakes have in common?
Downfall of Napoleon
● all European powers declare war on France● 1814- Napoleon surrendered and gave up
his position; banished to Elba● Louis XVIII took over (the executed king’s
brother)
Downfall of Napoleon
● Napoleon tried to regain power- escaped Elba and briefly became emperor again
● Waterloo = Napoleon attacked British forces in Belgium, England able to push French back
● defeat ended Napoleon’s last attempt at power
Downfall of Napoleon
● ended the Hundred Days (Napoleon’s last reign as emperor) = banished to St. Helena
Practice Identification
Continental System
Peer Gradewrite your name below their ID4 points = who, what, where (did they ID this term in detail)1 point = significance (course theme or BIG IDEA)
write:one positive commentone helpful critique
Study Strategy
Think of a strategy that would help you remember the Continental System for the test. It could be a: rhyme, slogan, picture, mnemonic device etc...
Fill in TOC13. English Civil War and Glorious Revolution Notes (11/13)14. American Revolution Notes and Scavenger Hunt (11/14)15. French Revolution Notes (11/17)16. Annotated Declaration of the Rights of Man with Paragraph
Chart (11/18)17. Reign of Terror Notes and Questions (11/19)18. Rise and Fall of Napoleon Notes with Identifications (11/20)19. World-wide Revolution Notes with Summary (11/21)20. French Revolution/ Napoleon Chart (11/ 24)
World-wide Revolutions
● 500,000 Africans enslaved working on French plantations
● August 1791: slaves rose up to revolt
● led by Toussaint L’Overture○ made agreement with French: free
slaves in exchange for no rebellion○ sent to prison in France
Haitian Revolution
● revolution movement took over by Jean-Jacques Dessalines
● January 1, 1804: Haiti declared independent country
● first black colony to free itself from European control
Haitian Revolution
● Simon Bolivar○ declared
independence for Venezuela from Spain in 1811
○ independence won in 1821
Latin America
Latin America
● Jose de San Martin○ declared Argentina’s
independence in 1816○ also freed Chile and Peru
from Spanish control
Latin America
● Bolivar and San Martin joined forces --->○ unified forces under Bolivar○ last battle against Spanish =
Battle of Ayacucho in Peru ○ creation of Gran Colombia
Mexico
● independence led by Miguel Hidalgo ○ priest influenced by Enlightenment○ led 80,000 people to Mexico City○ defeated by Spanish○ Jose Maria Morelos = new leader
of Mexican independence movement, lasted four years
Mexico
● Agustin de Iturbide overthrew Morelos and declared independence from Mexico in 1821
Brazil
● The royal family of Portugal escaped to Brazil when Napoleon invaded during the Peninsular Wars = set up capital in Rio de Janeiro
● 14 years- ruled out of Brazil
Brazil
● after Napoleon was defeated, the royal family returned to Portugal
● Brazilians did not want to become a colony again and demanded independence in 1822
● won independence in a bloodless takeover
Work on:
1) Homework 2) Study guide3) putting together your notebook
