Title HKU's double professional civil engineering and law ...Title HKU's double professional civil...
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Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orlando Orange County Orange County Orange County Orange County Orange County Orlando Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County Orange County Orange County Orange County Orange County Orange County Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orange County Orlando Orlando Orlando Orlando Orlando Orlando Orange County Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orlando Orlando Orange County Orange County Orlando Orange County Orange County Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orlando Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orange County Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orlando Orlando Orlando Orlando Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orange County Orange County Orange County Orange County Orlando Orange County Orange County Orange County Orange County Orange County Orange County Orlando Orange County Orange County Orange County Orlando Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orlando Orange County Orange County Orange County Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County Orlando Orange County Orlando Orlando Orange County R-3A/W R-3A/W I-P/RP/W I-G/W R-3B/W R-3B/W O-1/W R-3A/W R-1A/W/RP PD/W/RP R-3A/W R-1AA/W/RP R-3B/W I-G/W I-P/W AC-N/W/RP R-3A/W/RP R-3B/W R-3A/W AC-1/W R-1AA/W P/W/RP C/W I-G/W O-2/W AC-2/W O-1/W O-2/W R-3B/W/RP I-P/RP/W I-P/RP/W R-3A/W O-2/W I-P/W R-3B/W C/W/RP H/W H/W R-3B/W/RP I-G/W H/W R-1A/W I-P/W H/W H/W AC-1/W H/W R-1AA/W I-P/W H/W P/W H/W R-3B/W R-1AA/W R-1AA/W I-P/W I-P/W I-P/W I-P/W I-P/W H/W R-3A/W H/W R-3B/W R-3B/W UNINCORPORATED UNINCORPORATED UNINCORPORATED UNINCORPORATED R-3B/W UNINCORPORATED AC-1/W C/W I-G/W I-P/W R-1/W UNINCORPORATED I-G/W UNINCORPORATED NO CITY ZONING NO CITY ZONING NO CITY ZONING I-P/W I-C/W UNINCORPORATE MU-1/W I-C/W I-C/W I-P/W I-C/W I-G/W O-1/W MU-1/W/RP R-3A/W/RP UNINCORPORATED UNINCORPORATED AC-2/W R-1A/W/RP R-3A/W R-3A/W/RP R-3A/W R-3A/W R-3A/W R-3A/W/RP R-3A/W R-3A/W R-1AA/W R-1AA/W R-1AA/W AC-1/W AC-1/W AC-1/W/RP H/W R-3B/W R-3B/W R-3B/W I-P/W C/W C/W C/W C/W R-3B/W R-3B/W R-3B/W/RP R-3A/W/RP R-3A/W/RP R-3A/W R-3A/W PD/W PD/W PD/W PD/W R-3A/W R-3A/W/RP R-1A/W R-1AA/W R-1AA/W R-1AA/W R-1AA/W/RP R-3B/W/RP R-3B/W/RP PD/W/RP PD/W R-3B/W R-3B/W R-1AA/W/RP C/W R-1A/W/RP H/W H/W H/W AC-1/W AC-1/W P/W C/W/RP C/W/RP P/W/RP C/W P/W/RP MU-1/W P/W P/W C/W/RP PD/W/RP P/W P/W/RP P/W P/W/RP P/W I-P/W I-P/W I-C/W I-C/W I-C/W H/W H/W I-C/W R-1AA/W/RP R-1A/W/RP R-1A/W P/W R-3A/W/RP I-P/RP/W I-P/W I-P/W I-P/W I-P/W I-P/W I-P/W H/W I-C/W I-G/W I-G/W/RP I-C/W I-G/W I-C/W/RP I-G/W I-P/W I-P/W R-1/W R-1/W R-1/W R-3B/W R-3B/W/RP R-3B/W R-3B/W R-3B/W I-C/W H/W H/W H/W I-G/W I-G/W I-G/W R-3B/W O-2/W/RP O-2/W O-2/W O-2/W/RP R-3B/W/RP O-2/W R-3B/W I-P/RP/W I-P/RP/W PD/W AC-1/W I-P/W R-1AA/W/RP R-3A/W/RP R-1AA/W R-3A/W R-1AA/W R-1/W I-P/W UNINCORPORATED R-3B/W I-P/RP/W I-P/W H/W UNINCORPORATED UNINCORPORATED UNINCORPORATED I-G/W UNINCORPORATED UNINCORPORATED UNINCORPORATED I-C/RP R-1A/W/RP R-1A/W/RP R-1A/W/RP R-3A/W/RP R-1AA/W/RP R-3B/W I-P/W R-1AA/W I-P/W/RP I-P/W I-P/W R-3A/W R-1/W AC-2/W I-G/W H/W R-3B/W I-P/W I-P/W H/W R-3B/W C/W/RP R-1/W R-1/W/RP R-1/W/RP PD/W I-G/W AC-2/W O-1/W/RP I-G/W R-1/W I-C/W/RP I-C/W I-G/W AC-1/W AC-1/W AC-1/W AC-1/W P/W P/W/RP R-1AA/W C/W C/W R-3A/W/RP PD/W/RP O-1/W/RP R-3B/W/RP R-1/W/RP R-3B/W I-P/W I-G/W R-3B/W/RP NO CITY ZONING UNINCORPORATED I-C/W I-G/W I-G/W I-P/W I-P/W PD/W PD/W C/W C/W AC-2/W PD/W UNINCORPORATED UNINCORPORATED AC-2/W PD/W AC-2/W UNINCORPORATED I-C/W C/W C/W AC-2/W AC-2/W U V 434 U V 416 U V 438 U V 500 U V 500 U V 423 U V 423 £ ¤ 441 £ ¤ 441 £ ¤ 441 MAUI CIR RHODES CT SEA ISLAND CT CARDER RD WILD ROSE CT ORIGINAL WAY WAXY WILLOW LN SHINING WILLOW TER RHONDA CT PALADIN WAY RIVER BIRCH CT DOOLAN CT HONDO WAY AQUABLUE WAY REGIS CT EASTERN WILLOW AVE WESTERN WILLOW TER HERNANDES CT BYWOOD RD NEW CLARCONA RD ANGUS AVE ALMOND WILLOW DR UNNAMED STREET 270 DELAMERE CT LAKE WESTON POINT LN PRAIRE CT GLOUCESTER WAY FAIR WEATHER WAY SEBASTIAN WAY SUGAR LOAF WAY ROSE BAY DR MAGNOLIA HOMES RD FLOWER CORAL DR BOCA VISTA CT CLARCONA OCOEE RD ALOHA ROSE OF JERICHO CT CAMINO WAY RIBBLESDALE LN SILVER OAKS VILLAGE BLEASDALE AVE DUNWOODY PL FERN PINE DR TALLOW WOOD CT 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K EB R EE Z E DR TONY ST LEPRECHAUN WAY EUNICE AVE N O R TH L N EDGEWATER DR DAVY ST VILLA DR PINTO WAY ROSE AVE S E N E C A C L U B L O O P V I L LA R O S EL N BE A U M O N T D R O K E EFE ST CARMEL ST LAKE BREEZE DR D I J O N DR BAYBREEZE RD L A K E M A R T I N L N ME RT O N A L Y C O N A R E E F C T GOLF S ID E D R N PINE HILLS RD HANSROB RD KIPP PL C S X RR B A R N E G A T P O I N T RD MONTAUK ST M ALARKEY ST ROS E W O O D W A Y TAM DR SP L I T WILLOW D R M A R T INS W A Y VE R S AIL L ES DR P INE L A KE RD S T O N E H A R B O U R R D FRIENDLY AVE RE GAL O A K C I R FONTAINEBLEAU DR QUEENSWAY RD BENGERT ST S I L V E R R OS E C T F OUN T AIN V I EW L N SOUTHOLD ST NANTUCKET LN STONY BROOK LN NORWALK PL BEACON ST F IG W O O D L N S C E N I CL AKE DR EIFFEL DR N P I N E H I L L S R D U N N A M E D ST R E E T 2 7 2 JUDY ANN CT KARL LN KEITH PL H Y ACINTH B LOOM A L Y W I L L O W R U N PAT ANN TER C L A R I O NO A K S D R INDIALANTIC DR M E D A L L I ON D R ST JAMES RD PARKWAY COMMERCE BLVD W HIT E H E R O N D R LAKE RIDGE RD P L A Y ER CIR PAGEANT WAY BEECHER ST CHEROKEE ROSE DR MERCY INDUSTRIAL CT P I P E S O T H E G L E N W A Y MERCY STAR CT R O S E P E T A L L N DINNEEN AVE B R I A R O A K S C I R CONNOR AVE S OU T H L A K E ORLAND O P K WY R I N G N E C K R D L I G H T H O U S E R D N O R TH LA K E O R L A ND O PKW Y A E O L U S W AY SIL VE R STAR RD ALL A MER IC A N B LV D CLARION HAMMOCK DR F R I S C O C I R TERESA RD SOU T H L AK E OR LAN D O P KW Y LIGHTHOUSE CIR C LARC O N A OC O E E R D N PINE HILLS RD MERCY DR CENTER LOO P N J O H N Y O U NG P KW Y S A N S E B A S T I A N C I R C O M MERCE L O O P C S X RR SPUR N J O H N Y O U N G P K W Y N ORT H L A K E OR L A N D O PK W Y W PR IN CE TO N ST LY N X LN C S X RR SHADER RD SEABOARD RD Lak Wes Lake As Lake Orlando Lake Fai Lake Fairview Kasey Lake Lake Lawne Lake Divot Palamino Lake White Heron Lake Bay Lake Kelly Lake Kristy Lake W08 W10 W12 W14 W16 N20 N19 N16 N15 N13 N10 N08 N07 N18 N17 N14 N12 N11 N09 City of Orlando Zoning Map Series Economic Development Department City Planning Division Adopted By City Council September 25, 1995; Document #28772 Zoning Districts Map 1 Example: LEGEND R-2A/T/HP/SP Zoning District Overlay District 0 500 1,000 250 Feet § Other Zoning Districts Overlay Districts Amended by City Council: On 04/08/96, Ordinance #29267 On 06/03/96, Ordinance #29398 On 10/21/96, Ordinance #29726 On 01/13/97, Ordinance #29952 On 01/27/97, Ordinance #29981 On 11/24/97, Ordinance #30772 On 11/24/97, Ordinance #30773 On 11/24/97, Ordinance #30775 On 01/05/98, Ordinance #30870 On 01/05/98, Ordinance #30873 On 03/02/98, Ordinance #31025 On 04/06/98, Ordinance #31132 On 08/17/98, Ordinance #31445 On 09/28/98, Ordinance #31558 On 10/05/98, Ordinance #31576 On 10/05/98, Ordinance #31579 On 10/05/98, Ordinance #31586 On 10/05/98, Ordinance #31588 On 01/25/99, Ordinance #31839 On 01/25/99, Ordinance #31840 On 04/26/99, Ordinance #32043 On 08/30/99, Ordinance #32304 On 08/30/99, Ordinance #32305 On 11/15/99, Ordinance #32479 On 12/13/99, Ordinance #32552 On 12/13/99, Ordinance #32553 On 12/13/99, Ordinance #32559 On 02/07/00, Ordinance #32674 On 02/07/00, Ordinance #32675 On 06/19/00, Ordinance #33030 On 10/23/00, Ordinance #33347 On 04/02/01, Ordinance #33685 On 04/16/01, Ordinance #33726 On 05/07/01, Ordinance #33781 On 05/14/01, Ordinance #33802 On 01/28/02, Ordinance #020128702 On 02/11/02, Ordinance #020211901 On 03/04/02, Ordinance #020304702 On 03/04/02, Ordinance #020304706 On 06/03/02, Ordinance #020603703 On 06/03/02, Ordinance #020603704 On 06/03/02, Ordinance #020603705 On 06/03/02, Ordinance #020603706 On 06/03/02, Ordinance #020603901 On 06/03/02, Ordinance #020603902 On 06/24/02, Ordinance #020624703 On 06/24/02, Ordinance #020624708 On 08/19/02, Ordinance #020819703 On 01/27/03, Ordinance #030127705 On 01/27/03, Ordinance #030127708 On 03/17/03, Ordinance #030317701 On 03/17/03, Ordinance #030317705 On 06/02/03, Ordinance #030602705 On 06/02/03, Ordinance #030602706 On 06/23/03, Ordinance #030623701 Notes/Definitions FAR: CU: DU: FLU: NOTE: See Land Development Code for Specific Regulations Floor Area Ratio Conditional Use Dwelling Units Future Land Use 408 417 408 528 528 § ¨ ¦ 4 17 5 4 9 19 23 10 15 1 2 6 8 7 18 13 12 11 3 14 16 27 20 21 24 25 26 22 28 City of Orlando / Orange County GIS (Printed: November 13, 2020) Key to Official Zoning Map Series 1-28 Residential Districts One Family Residential See Land Development Code, Chapter 58, Figure 1 One to Two Family Residential Density Range: 0 to 12 DU/Acre Low Intensity Development Density Range: 0 to 12 DU/Acre Residential Neighborhood District Density Range: 0 to 12 DU/Acre One to Five Family Residential Density Range: 0 to 16 DU/Acre Medium Intensity Development Density Range: 12 to 21 DU/Acre Medium Intensity Development Density Range: 12 to 30 DU/Acre High Intensity Development Density Range: 30 to 75 DU/Acre (Includes R-1N, R-1, R-1A, R-1AA) R-1s R-2A R-3A RN R-2B R-3B R-3C R-3D Medium Intensity Mixed Residential - Office Density/Intensity: 12 to 21 DU/Acre and/or 0 to 0.30 FAR High Intensity Mixed Residential - Office Density/Intensity: 30 to 75 DU/Acre (200 CU) and/or 0 to 0.35 FAR Low Intensity Office - Residential Density/Intensity: 0 to 21 DU/Acre and/or 0 to 0.40 FAR Medium Intensity Office - Residential Density/Intensity: 12 to 40 DU/Acre and/or 0.30 to 0.70 FAR High Intensity Office - Residential Density/Intensity: 30 to 75 DU/Acre (200 CU) and/or 0.40 to 1.00 FAR Medium Intensity Mixed Use Corridor Density/Intensity: 15 to 30 DU/Acre and/or 0 to 0.50 FAR MXD-1 MXD-2 O-1 O-2 O-3 High Intensity Mixed Use Corridor Density/Intensity: 30 to 75 DU/Acre (200 CU) and/or 0.4 to 1.00 FAR General Industrial Intensity Range: 0 to 0.70 FAR Industrial Park Intensity Range: 0 to 0.70 FAR Industrial - Commercial Intensity Range: 0 to 0.70 FAR Airport Support District - Medium Intensity See FLU Goal 4 and Associated Objectives and Policies MU-1 MU-2 I-G I-P I-C ASD-1 Airport Support District - High Intensity See FLU Goal 4 and Associated Objectives and Policies Neighborhood Activity Center Density/Intensity: 15 to 30 DU/Acre and/or 0 to 0.3 FAR Community Activity Center Density/Intensity: 20 to 40 DU/Acre and/or 0.35 to 0.70 FAR Urban Activity Center Density/Intensity: 30 to 100 DU/Acre and/or 0.50 to 1.0 FAR Metropolitan Activity Center Density/Intensity: 30 to 200 DU/Acre and/or 0.75 to 1.5 FAR Downtown Metropolitan Activity Center Density/Intensity: 75 to 200 DU/Acre and/or 0.75 to 3.0 FAR Town Center/Urban Transit Center District See FLU Goal 4 and Associated Objectives and Policies ASD-2 AC-N AC-1 AC-2 AC-3 AC-3A TC/UTC Village Center/Urban Transit Center District See FLU Goal 4 and Associated Objectives and Policies Village Center District See FLU Goal 4 and Associated Objectives and Policies Neighborhood Center District See FLU Goal 4 and Associated Objectives and Policies VC/UTC VC NC Mixed Residential, Office Districts Mixed Use Corridor Districts Office - Residential Districts Industrial Districts Airport Support Districts Activity Center Districts Holding/No City Zoning Public Use Planned Development Conservation / Water Urban Reserve H P PD C UR Aircraft Noise AN Appearance Review AR Parramore Heritage PH Historic Preservation HP Major Attraction MA Resource Protection RP Wekiva W Traditional City T Specially Planned Area SP On 07/21/03, Ordinance #030721702 On 07/21/03, Ordinance #030721702 On 08/25/03, Ordinance #030825701 On 09/15/03, Ordinance #030915702 On 01/26/04, Ordinance #040126909 On 02/23/04, Ordinance #040223908 On 08/23/04, Ordinance #040823908 On 09/27/04, Ordinance #040927903 On 09/27/04, Ordinance #040927904 On 10/25/04, Ordinance #041025901 On 10/25/04, Ordinance #041025908 On 10/25/04, Ordinance #041025913 On 12/13/04, Ordinance #041213905 On 01/10/05, Ordinance #050110905 On 01/10/05, Ordinance #050110906 On 03/28/05, Ordinance #050328901 On 03/28/05, Ordinance #050328902 On 05/09/05, Ordinance #050509905 On 05/09/05, Ordinance #050509906 On 11/14/05, Ordinance #051114906 On 02/13/06, Ordinance #0602131001 On 02/13/06, Ordinance #0602131010 On 08/28/06, Ordinance #0608281010 On 09/11/06, Ordinance #0609111001 On 09/18/06, Ordinance #0609181101 On 10/16/06, Ordinance #0610161005 On 01/11/07, Ordinance #0701111011 On 01/11/07, Ordinance #0701111017 On 01/22/07, Ordinance #0701221003 On 05/21/07, Ordinance #0705211002 On 06/18/07, Ordinance #0706181001 On 06/18/07, Ordinance #0706181006 On 08/20/07, Ordinance #0708201003 On 08/20/07, Ordinance #0708201003 On 12/12/07, Ordinance #0711121004 On 12/12/07, Ordinance #0711121007 On 02/04/08, Ordinance #0802041002 On 03/03/08, Ordinance #0803031001 On 03/17/08, Ordinance #0803171004 On 07/21/08, Ordinance #0807211010 On 03/09/09, Ordinance #0903091101 On 12/13/10, Ordinance #1012131102 On 01/23/12, Ordinance #1201231202 On 08/20/12, Ordinance #1208201202 On 01/27/14, Ordinance #1401271201 On 02/24/14, Ordinance #1402241201 On 02/29/16, Ordinance #1602291203 On 03/28/16, Ordinance #1603281203 On 03/28/16, Ordinance #1603281204 On 08/06/18, Ordinance #1808061202 On 12/10/18, Ordinance #1812101201 On 09/16/19, Ordinance #1909161202 On 06/01/20, Ordinance #2006011202 On 07/06/20, Ordinance #2007061202 On 07/06/20, Ordinance #2007061205 NOTE: These maps are accurate as of the print date shown at the bottom of the legend. The maps are provided for reference only and should not be relied upon without reviewing the Official Zoning Map series kept in the City Planning Division, 6th Floor, Orlando City Hall.
Transcript of Title HKU's double professional civil engineering and law ...Title HKU's double professional civil...
Title HKU's double professional civil engineering and law programme
Author(s) Yeung, AT; Ng, ST; Tham, LG; Lee, PKK
Citation Proceedings Of Institution Of Civil Engineers: Management,Procurement And Law, 2010, v. 163 n. 2, p. 77-85
Issued Date 2010
URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/124581
Rights Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License
Albert T. YeungAssociate Professor, Department ofCivil Engineering, University of HongKong
S. Thomas NgAssociate Professor, Department ofCivil Engineering, University of HongKong
L. George ThamProfessor, Department of CivilEngineering, University of Hong Kong
Peter K. K. LeeAssociate Professor, Department ofCivil Engineering, University of HongKong
Proceedings of the Institution ofCivil EngineersManagement, Procurement and Law163May 2010 Issue MP2Pages 77–85doi: 10.1680/mpal.2010.163.2.77
Paper 900053Received 14/08/2009Accepted 10/12/2009
Keywords:education & training/recruitment
HKU’s double professional civil engineering and law programme
A. T. Yeung MS, PhD, CEng, PE, RPE (Civil, Environmental & Geotechnical), FHKIE, FICE, FASCE, S. T. Ng MSc, PhD, MRICS,MAPM, MHKIS, MHKICM, RPS (QS), L. G. Tham BSc (Eng) (Hons), PhD, FHKIE, MASCE and P. K. K. Lee MSc, FHKIE, FICE,FIStructE, RPE (Civil & Structural), AP, RSE, Class 1 Registered Structural Engineer (PRC), PEng
The scale and complexity of civil engineering projects areincreasing exponentially. Coupled with the growing trendof globalisation, the demand for high-calibre civil engineerswho are also knowledgeable in legal matters is increasing.Driven by an aspiration to prepare civil engineeringgraduates with a solid foundation in both civil engineeringand law, The University of Hong Kong has developed thefirst 5-year credit-based double professional degreeprogramme in Hong Kong, which leads to the award ofthe degrees of Bachelor of Engineering in CivilEngineering (Law) and Bachelor of Laws. Theconsiderations, development process and launching detailsof the programme are presented in this paper. Thestudents admitted to date perform better academicallythan other civil engineering students on civil engineeringcourses. However, they do not perform as well as lawstudents and other law-related double-degree students.
1. INTRODUCTIONSince the beginning of civilisation, civil engineers have worked
closely with other professionals to meet the ever-changing
needs of society. In his acceptance speech for the 1995 Parcel–
Sverdrup civil engineering management award of the American
Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Dr Louis Berger explicitly
emphasised the importance of skills in management, law,
accounting and personnel management over and above the
normal civil engineering training for a modern civil engineer
(Berger, 1996). Moreover, the impact of societal changes and
demands of the public regarding the quality of higher education
are also increasing (Yeung, 2006). The need to re-shape various
aspects of the civil engineering curriculum to meet the
challenge of increasing complexity and globalisation of civil
engineering projects is being echoed by many prominent
educators, practitioners and public administrators (Bordogna,
1998; Bowman and Farr, 2000; Boxall and Tait, 2008; Chau,
2007; Cheah et al., 2005; Chinowsky, 2002; Dudman and
Wearne, 2003; Galloway, 2008; Jennings and Ferguson, 1996;
Jha and Lynch, 2007; Koehn, 2004; Le and Tam, 2008; Li and
Liu, 2005; Nehdi and Rehan, 2007; Russell and Stouffer, 2003).
Driven by an aspiration to prepare civil engineering graduates
with a solid foundation in both civil engineering and law, The
University of Hong Kong (HKU) has developed the first 5-year
credit-based double professional degree programme in Hong
Kong. Successful completion of the course leads to the award of
the undergraduate degrees of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil
Engineering (Law) (BEng(CivE–Law)) and Bachelor of Laws
(LLB). As a novel concept to amalgamate two distinct
professional degree programmes with very different objectives,
emphases and specialisations, the major challenge is to design a
well-balanced, practical, stimulating and recognised syllabus
that can answer the needs of both society and students.
Moreover, the programme has to be accredited by the relevant
engineering and legal professional organisations.
In the past, most civil engineers in Hong Kong interested in
pursuing law-related professions such as dispute resolution,
mediation or arbitration had to study for a separate law course
part time or through distance learning. Simultaneous study and
employment can mean that the study is not coherent, can be
distracted by work priorities and takes far longer. Nevertheless,
there are some successful dual practitioners in Hong Kong.
This paper presents the objectives, development process,
curriculum and launching details of the double professional
programme at HKU. The performance of students admitted to
the programme to date is also reported.
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE DOUBLE-DEGREEPROGRAMMEThe primary objective of the programme is to nurture legally
sensitive civil engineering professionals and/or legal
practitioners with civil engineering expertise. Graduates of the
programme are expected to benefit from a distinct blend of
professional expertise that traditionally trained civil engineers
or lawyers do not possess; that is, a balanced integration of
state-of-the-art civil engineering knowledge and legal know-
how. As a result, a diversity of career options may exist for
these graduates. The programme will prepare students to
develop fruitful careers in either civil engineering or law, both
professions being well respected, or indeed a combination of the
two to meet new challenges in the rapidly changing global
economy.
The programme is accredited by the Hong Kong Institution of
Engineers (HKIE, 2010) and the Law Society of Hong Kong
(LSHK, 2010). The HKIE is a signatory organisation of the
Washington Accord, a multi-national agreement signed by
Management, Procurement and Law 163 Issue MP2 HKU’s double professional civil engineering and law programme Yeung et al. 77
various professional organisations in 1989. The accord
recognises the substantial equivalence of education programmes
accredited by organisations responsible for accrediting
professional engineering degree programmes in each of the
signatory economies and recommends that graduates of
accredited programmes in any of the signatory economies be
recognised by the other economies as having met the academic
requirements for entry to the practice of engineering (WA,
2010). As the statutory duties and powers of the HKIE and the
LSHK are respectively promulgated by the HKIE Ordinance
(chapter 1105 of the Laws of Hong Kong) and the Legal
Practitioners Ordinance (chapter 159 of the Laws of Hong Kong)
(DoJ, 2010), the accreditation requirements place tremendous
difficulties and pressure on the development of the programme,
as the developed curriculum has to satisfy the well-structured
legal and stringent requirements for corporate membership of
the two independent and well-established professional
organisations.
3. HONG KONG EDUCATION SYSTEMA very brief description of the education system in Hong Kong
(which is very similar to the English system) is given here to
facilitate further discussion. 2–3 years of non-compulsory
kindergarten education is offered to children younger than
primary school age. Free and universal basic education is
provided for children aged six to 15, comprising 6 years of
primary school education and 3 years of basic secondary school
education. The first 3 years of secondary school (forms 1–3) focus
on general education. In forms 4 and 5, students prepare for the
Hong Kong certificate of education examination (HKCEE), which
is taken after form 5 (similar to GCSEs in the UK).
Students obtaining satisfactory HKCEE results will be admitted to
a 2-year sixth-form (forms 6 and 7) matriculation course to
prepare for the Hong Kong advanced level examination (HKALE).
The HKALE is the de facto university entrance examination,
similar to ‘A’ levels in the UK or the SAT reasoning and subject
tests in the USA. Students can also be admitted to participating
tertiary institutions through the early admissions scheme (EAS)
upon completion of form 6, thus bypassing the HKALE. The
scheme was devised by the government to retain the best
secondary school students to continue their tertiary education in
Hong Kong. Participating universities include HKU, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong and The Hong Kong University of
Science and Technology. Form 6 students studying in local
schools are eligible to apply for admission to these three
universities if they satisfy specific requirements on their
examination results in one sitting of HKCEE. Approximately 450
students are eligible for EAS each year.
The education system in Hong Kong is, however, shifting
towards a US-style system. This involves decreasing the
duration of secondary school education from 7 to 6 years and
increasing that of tertiary education from 3 to 4 years, merging
HKCEE and HKALE into a single examination and expanding
the use of school-based assessments. These changes took effect
at form 1 level in 2006.
4. SIMILAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMMESOVERSEASSimilar civil engineering–law double-degree programmes are
being offered at Australian universities such as Monash
University, University of South Australia, University of Adelaide
and Edith Cowan University. However, the BEng–LLB
programmes of Australian universities also include other
engineering courses.
(a) The double-degree programmes offered by Monash University
(MU, 2010) cover electrical and computer systems
engineering, materials engineering, mechanical engineering
and mechatronics engineering.
(b) The programmes at University of South Australia cover
computer systems engineering, electrical and mechatronic
engineering, electronics and microengineering,
telecommunications and mechanical and manufacturing
engineering (UniSA, 2010).
(c) University of Adelaide offers double degrees including
chemical engineering, civil and environmental engineering,
civil and structural engineering, computer systems
engineering, electrical and electronic engineering,
mechanical engineering and telecommunications engineering
(UoA, 2010).
(d) The 6-year BEng–LLB programme at Edith Cowan University
combines a full engineering degree programme with a full law
degree programme that satisfies the academic requirements
for the admission of law graduates as legal practitioners in
Western Australia. Students can choose engineering
programmes majoring in civil engineering, mechanical
engineering, mechatronics engineering, electronics and
communications engineering, instrumentation control and
automation engineering, computer systems engineering or
electrical power engineering (ECU, 2010).
Nonetheless, the approaches taken by Australian universities are
very similar to that of HKU.
5. THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESSDiscussion on the possibility of developing a double
professional degree (DPD) programme between the faculty of
engineering and the faculty of law at HKU was formally
initiated in December 2000. The initial programme structure
was developed emulating two existing double-degree
programmes within HKU – BBA(Law)/LLB (Bachelor of
Business Administration (Law) and Bachelor of Laws) and
BSS(G&L)/LLB (Bachelor of Social Sciences (Government and
Laws) and Bachelor of Laws). However, simultaneous
accreditation of the new programme by two professional
organisations had to be secured, a hurdle that did not exist for
the two existing double-degree programmes. Students were
required to take 72 credits a year, so that students could
obtain the BEng(CivE–Law)/LLB double degree in 4 years.
In September 2002, the LLB curriculum was changed from a 3-
year to a 4-year programme. As a result, the initial structure
of the DPD programme was revised to incorporate
requirements of the 4-year curriculum of the LLB degree. Most
administrative issues (response of government and university
administration to the programme, details of seeking formal
approval of the programme from government and university
administration, details of seeking accreditation of professional
organisations, admission requirements, procedure of admitting
students, coordination of administrative matters between
departments, degree requirements, etc.) were discussed at
faculty level. After most of these issues had been resolved and
a concrete directive had been formulated at faculty level, a
78 Management, Procurement and Law 163 Issue MP2 HKU’s double professional civil engineering and law programme Yeung et al.
detailed programme
implementation plan was
jointly developed by the
department of civil
engineering (DoCE) of the
faculty of engineering and the
department of law of the
faculty of law. Series of
meetings between faculty
members of the two
departments were held to
fine-tune the implementation
details (e.g. selection of
courses, course taking
sequence, continuity of the
two programmes, quality
control of academic standard
of students and so on). A new
5-year DPD curriculum with
all the necessary
implementation details was
finally developed in June 2003
and submitted to university
administration for approval.
The programme was approved
by the academic development
committee of HKU in September 2003 to facilitate the first
admission of students in the academic year 2004–2005.
6. THE CURRICULUMThe 5-year DPD programme comprises two distinct but inter-
related parts (Figure 1). The civil engineering department is
responsible for the development of admission criteria,
controlling the admissions process, screening applicants and
handling admissions logistics. Students are initially admitted
to the DoCE. Successful completion of the first 3 years of
study will lead to the award of the BEng(CivE–Law) degree.
Graduates may choose to continue studies immediately
afterwards or may work in the industry (for no longer than 5
years) to obtain further practical experience and/or
professional qualifications in civil engineering before
resuming their studies in law. Students can choose the best
time to resume their studies, taking due consideration of
personal financial situation, stage of career development,
maturity, professional experience, etc. The subjects to be
covered in the fourth and fifth year of study would be
predominantly in law, with successful completion leading to
the award of the LLB degree.
6.1. BEng(CivE–Law)During the first 3 years of study, students are required to
complete the core subjects of the entire civil engineering
programme. They are required to start working on a final-year
project on a selected civil engineering topic in the summer at
the end of their second year and submit a project report in the
third year of their study. Students are also required to undertake
industrial training during the summer at the end their first year
of study. The teaching methods and other learning activities are
identical to those of the civil engineering programme. At the
same time, students are also required to take some law courses
specified by the faculty of law to prepare them for the fourth
and fifth years of study.
The usual study load is normally not more than 36 course
credits each semester and the BEng(CivE–Law) curriculum
comprises 195 course credits. Students are required to complete
(a) 108 credits of civil engineering core courses (Table 1)
(b) 30 credits of compulsory civil engineering in-depth courses
including (Table 2)
(c) 18 credits of CivE–Law elective courses
(d) 24 credits of law core courses (Table 3)
(e) 3 credits of an English language course (i.e. writing solutions
to legal problems)
( f ) 3 credits of a Chinese language course (i.e. practical Chinese
language for CivE–Law students
1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year
BE
ng(C
ivE
–Law
)
Pos
sibl
e ex
it po
int f
or B
Eng
(Civ
E–L
aw)
grad
uate
s
5th year
Figure 1. Structure of the CivE–Law double-degree programme
Course Number ofcredits
Computer applications in civil engineering 6Construction materials 6Engineering drawing 6Engineering mathematics I 6Engineering mathematics II 6Environmental engineering 6Fluid mechanics 6Structural mechanics 6Theory and design of structures I 6Theory and design of structures II 6Surveying 6Engineering design and communication 6Engineering geology and rock mechanics 6Hydraulics and hydrology 6Soil mechanics 6Principles of civil engineering management 6Project 12
Total 108
Table 1. Civil engineering core courses
Management, Procurement and Law 163 Issue MP2 HKU’s double professional civil engineering and law programme Yeung et al. 79
(g) 3 credits of industrial training
(h) 6 credits of broadening courses including 3 credits in
humanities and social sciences and 3 credits in culture and
value studies (a great variety of courses offered by
departments outside the faculty of engineering and the
faculty of law are available to students to satisfy these
requirements).
Candidates have to successfully complete no fewer than 180
credits to be eligible for admission to the degree of BEng(CivE–
Law). Moreover, students who plan to continue on to the LLB
programme are also required to successfully complete eight
additional law courses (Table 4), although these additional
courses are not part of the graduation requirements for the
BEng(CivE–Law) degree.
At the end of the third year of study, upon successful
completion of the BEng(CivE–Law) degree, students may choose
to defer entry to the LLB programme or not to continue at all. If
deferring entry, graduates may work for no longer than 5 years
to obtain the necessary practical experience and/or professional
qualifications in civil engineering before resuming studies for
the LLB degree. The current minimum post-graduate training/
work experience required to obtain professional qualifications in
civil engineering or related disciplines in Hong Kong and the
UK is in general 4 years.
6.2. LLBDuring the fourth and fifth years of the programme, students
are required to complete 69 credits of core law courses (Table 5)
and 54 credits of elective law courses. Students are also required
to participate in a compulsory workshop and complete a
dissertation in law.
7. LAUNCHING DETAILS OF THE PROGRAMME7.1. AdmissionThe DPD programme was first offered in the autumn semester of
2004 with an initial enrolment quota of 20 students (this quota
being part of the total annual admissions quota of the DoCE).
The DoCE is solely responsible for the admission of students to
the DPD programme, with due consideration of the admission
requirements of the department of law for future admission to
the LLB degree.
Through the EAS, six students were admitted to the programme
in 2004 and seven in 2005. A summary of national HKCEE
results for 2003 and 2004 is shown in Table 6; for comparison,
HKCEE results of the students admitted to the DPD programme
in 2004 and 2005 are shown in Table 7. (Students taking the
2003 and 2004 HKCEE were eligible for the 2004 and 2005 EAS,
respectively.)
Fourteen students in 2004 and five students in 2005 were
admitted to the programme through the normal route. The
overall HKALE results from 2004 and 2005 are summarised in
Table 8 and the HKALE results of students admitted to the DPD
programme in the same years are shown in Table 9 for
comparison (students taking the HKALE examination in a
particular year are eligible for admission in the same year).
A final-year undergraduate civil engineering student was
permitted to transfer to the DPD programme in 2004 and one
student from the UK was also admitted to the DPD programme
in 2005.
Course Number ofcredits
Construction project management 6Engineering hydraulics 6Foundation engineering 6Inter-disciplinary design project 6Theory and design of structures III 6
Total 30
Table 2. Compulsory civil engineering in-depth courses
Course Number of credits
Law of contract I 6Law of contract II 6Land law I 6Land law II 6
Total 24
Table 3. Law core courses
Course Number ofcredits
The legal system 6Legal research and writing I 3Legal research and writing II 3Legal research and writing III 3Critical thinking and logic 6Law of tort I 6Law of tort II 6Law and society 6
Total 39
Table 4. Additional courses required for admission to the LLBprogramme
Course Number ofcredits
Business associations 6Constitutional law 6Commercial law 6Criminal law I 6Criminal law II 6Introduction to Chinese law 6Legal research and writing IV 3Legal research and writing V 3Administrative law 6Equity and trusts I 6Equity and trusts II 6Introduction to legal theory 6Mooting 3
Total 69
Table 5. Core law courses on the LLB degree
80 Management, Procurement and Law 163 Issue MP2 HKU’s double professional civil engineering and law programme Yeung et al.
Tables 6–9 show that students admitted to the DPD programme
are secondary school graduates of highest academic achievement
in Hong Kong. Every applicant was also interviewed to determine
suitability for the programme, with special attention paid to their
language and presentation capabilities.
7.2. Problems7.2.1. Scheduling for students who need to re-take a course. As 7
years of coursework are packed into a 5-year curriculum without
any significant reduction of course contents, the programme
schedule is extremely tight. Re-taking a course (due to illness or
examination failure for example) without delay to graduation was
therefore extremely difficult.
Many students, including LLB students, fail the ‘the legal
system’ course. The department of law has thus made a special
arrangement that allows students to re-take the examination in
the following semester without having to repeat lectures and
coursework, although they have to re-enrol for the course to
satisfy the requirements of the enrolment system. The DoCE
therefore has to grant special permission to DPD students who
fail a particular course to take additional credits so that they are
able to re-enrol.
Students who fail a civil engineering course are given
permission to overload themselves for one course above full
load so that they can re-enrol the failed course. However, these
students have to juggle their timetable very carefully to fit in
every course required for the schedule.
Unfortunately, one student underwent major surgery in 2005
and missed most of the final examinations. However, the
student applied for transfer to another major upon recovery as
he considered his health conditions did not permit him to
pursue such a demanding degree. His application was granted.
7.2.2. Provision of industrial training. The industrial training for
DPD students is scheduled in the summer following completion of
the first year of study. However, with only 1 year of study in civil
engineering completed, students’ technical capabilities may not
2003 2004
All subjects No. of candidates 658 150 638 070Grade A: % 2.5 2.7Grade C or above: % 19.5 20.5Grade E or above: % 69.0 69.8
Chinese language No. of candidates 90 180 87 146Grade A: % 2.5 2.6Grade C or above: % 15.5 16.1Grade E or above: % 64.1 64.9
English language No. of candidates 46 609 43 686(syllabus B) Grade A: % 2.7 2.6
Grade C or above: % 11.8 12.9Grade E or above: % 64.5 69.6
English language No. of candidates 16 528 20 236(syllabus A) Grade A: % 1.1 0.9
Grade C or above: % 10.9 10.8Grade E or above: % 44.3 44.6
Table 6. Summary of 2003 and 2004 Hong Kong certificate ofeducation examination national results (HKEAA, 2010)
2003 2004
English language No. of students Grade A 3 4(syllabus B) No. of students Grade B 2 3
No. of students Grade C 1 0
Chinese language No. of students Grade A 4 4No. of students Grade B 1 3No. of students Grade C 1 0
Other subjects No. of students with 7 As 0 1No. of students with 6 As 2 4No. of students with 5 As 4 1No. of students with 4 As 0 1
Table 7. HKCEE results of EAS students admitted to theCivE–Law programme
Level 2004 2005
All subjects A No. of candidates 75 703 71 472Grade A: % 3.3 3.6Grade C or above: % 21.2 22.9Grade E or above: % 72.8 73.8
AS* No. of candidates 82 790 77 992Grade A: % 1.3 1.7Grade C or above: % 16.4 17.6Grade E or above: % 81.0 79.6
Use of English AS* No. of candidates 34 158 32 164Grade A: % 0.6 0.6Grade C or above: % 13.1 13.6Grade E or above: % 75.2 72.8
Chinese language and culture AS* No. of candidates 32 432 30 447Grade A: % 1.6 2.5Grade C or above: % 19.6 21.7Grade E or above: % 91.8 91.9
*Two AS-level courses are equivalent to one A-level course in admission evaluation
Table 8. Summary of 2004 and 2005 Hong Kong advanced level examination national results (HKEAA, 2010)
Management, Procurement and Law 163 Issue MP2 HKU’s double professional civil engineering and law programme Yeung et al. 81
satisfy the requirements of engineering organisations employing
summer interns. While it is acknowledged that there may be
potential problems in identifying suitable work experience
opportunities, no difficulties have been encountered thus far. This
may be due to rapid recovery of the civil engineering market in
Hong Kong and the superior academic achievement of DPD
students.
7.2.3. Scheduling of summer courses. The engineering design
and communication (ED&C) and project courses are taken by DPD
students starting in the summer following completion of the
second year of study. ED&C requires students to perform planning
and design of civil engineering projects, open-ended schematic
design of multi-disciplinary projects, project appraisal and
feasibility study, environmental impact assessment and/or project
implementation on a group basis under the joint supervision of a
faculty member and an industrial tutor. Students are also required
to make oral and written presentations as work progresses. For the
final-year project, under the supervision of a faculty member,
every student has to complete an individual dissertation or project
report on a topic consisting of design and experimental or
analytical investigation.
Although these are practically self-paced projects, students do
require supervision from faculty members and the support of
technical staff throughout the summer. Faculty members on
campus in the summer offer projects to DPD students under
their supervision. As the number of students is relatively small,
the requirement is not overly demanding on faculty members,
most of whom are on campus working on research projects
anyway. Furthermore, as there are only DPD students working
on campus in the summer, progress is faster and more technical
support is available for them.
8. PERFORMANCE OF ADMITTED STUDENTSAs this is a new programme, the progress of students is being
monitored very closely. The DoCE is offering three parallel
Bachelor of Engineering degree programmes – civil engineering,
civil engineering (environmental engineering) and civil
engineering (law) (CivE–Law). Students in these three
programmes take the same eight core civil engineering courses
in the first year (Table 10).
The course grade point averages (GPAs) of the first-year civil
engineering students taking these courses in 2004–2005 by
programme are shown in Figure 2. Table 11 shows the
allocation of grade points and scores to different letter grades.
Although the grading system appears to be quite lenient, it
should be noted that faculty regulations require scaling the
average course GPA of all students taking a particular course to
between 2 and 3. Figure 2 shows that the examination results of
the CivE–Law DPD students compare favourably with their peers
in the other civil engineering programmes. Figure 3 shows the
GPA distribution of the first-year CivE–Law students.
All LLB and law-related double-degree students take the same
three law core courses in the first year
(a) LLAW 1008 The legal system (6 credits)
2004 2005
Use of English No. of students Grade A 1 0No. of students Grade B 3 0No. of students Grade C 3 3No. of students Grade D 7 2No. of students Grade E 0 0
Chinese language and culture No. of students Grade A 2 0No. of students Grade B 0 2No. of students Grade C 6 1No. of students Grade D 5 2No. of students Grade E 1 0
AL subjects* No. of students with 3As 6 1No. of students with 2As and 1B 5 1No. of students with 2As and 1C 0 1No. of students with 1A and 2Bs 1 1No. of students with 1A, 1B and 1C 1 0No. of students with 1A, 1B and 1D 0 1No. of students with 1A and 2Cs 1 0No. of students with 2Bs and 1C 0 0No. of students with 1B and 2Cs 0 0
*Two AS-level subjects are equivalent to one AL-level subject
Table 9. HKALE results of students admitted to the CivE–Law programme
Coursecode
Course Numberof credits
CIVL 1001 Computer applications in civilengineering
6
CIVL 1002 Construction materials 6CIVL 1003 Engineering drawing 6CIVL 1004 Engineering mathematics I 6CIVL 1005 Engineering mathematics II 6CIVL 1006 Environmental engineering 6CIVL 1007 Fluid mechanics 6CIVL 1008 Structural mechanics 6CIVL 1010 Theory and design of structures I 6
Table 10. Core civil engineering courses for all first-year students
82 Management, Procurement and Law 163 Issue MP2 HKU’s double professional civil engineering and law programme Yeung et al.
(b) LLAW 1010 Legal research and writing I (3 credits)
(c) LLAW 1011 Legal research and writing II (3 credits).
The performance of CivE–Law students in law courses can
therefore be evaluated by comparison of their examination
performance with students in other law programmes. The course
GPAs of first-year CivE–Law, LLB, BBA(Law)/LLB and
BSS(G&L)/LLB students taking these courses in 2004–2005 is
shown in Figure 4, which indicates that CivE–Law students are
not doing as well as their peers on other law courses. In
particular, there appears to be quite a significant difference in
the results of course LLAW 1008 (the legal system). Three out of
21 CivE–Law students failed this course, and this resulted in a
significant lowering of the class GPA. There were also a few
exam failures on the other degree programmes (with student
numbers of 95, 56 and 48), but their impact on overall GPA was
not so significant because of the larger student numbers.
The examination results show that the performance of CivE–
Law students in civil engineering courses is superior to that of
other civil engineering students (Figures 2 and 3). However, they
do not perform as well as law students or other law-related
double-degree students in law courses. This could be attributed
to the fact that the pre-university training of those admitted to
the CivE–Law programme is identical to that of other civil
engineering students. Already higher academic achievers, they
might well be expected to outperform other students in civil
engineering subjects. On the other hand, their pre-university
training is different from that of students embarking on law,
business and social sciences degrees and therefore it can be
assumed that it will take CivE–Law students more time to adjust
to the different format of lectures and tutorials, required mode
of thinking and examination style.
In 2006, the transfer student continued his study in the LLB
programme. In 2007, the first batch of 18 students graduated
BEng (CivE) studentsBEng (CivE–EnvE) studentsBEng (CivE–Law) students
Civil engineering course code
CIVL1001
CIVL1002
CIVL1003
CIVL1004
CIVL1005
CIVL1006
CIVL1008
CIVL1010
Cou
rse
GPA
4·0
3·5
3·0
2·5
2·0
1·5
1·0
0·5
0
Figure 2. Analysis of examination results of first-year civil engineering students
Letter grade Score Grade point
Aþ 585 4.0A 580 and <85 4.0A� 575 and <80 3.7Bþ 571 and <75 3.3B 568 and <71 3.0B� 565 and <68 2.7Cþ 562 and <65 2.3C 559 and <62 2.0C� 556 and <59 1.7Dþ 553 and <56 1.3D 550 and <53 1.0F <50 0
Table 11. Allocation of grade points and scores to letter grades
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Grade point average<3·3 3·0–3·3 2·7–3·0 2·3–2·7 2·0–2·3 <1·5
Num
ber
of s
tude
nts
Figure 3. Grade point average distribution of first-year CivE–Lawstudents in civil engineering courses
Management, Procurement and Law 163 Issue MP2 HKU’s double professional civil engineering and law programme Yeung et al. 83
from the BEng(CivE–Law) programme. Of these, 14 continued
on to the LLB programme, one accepted a position in the Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region Government, one took a
post in a major consulting firm in Hong Kong, one accepted a
position as legal assistant in an engineering firm and one is
pursuing a post-graduate diploma in education. It is
encouraging that the majority of students were able to take full
advantage of the DPD programme in order to obtain two
degrees in the shortest possible duration.
9. CONCLUSIONIn collaboration with the faculty of law, a unique 5-year credit-
based double-degree programme in civil engineering and law
has been developed. It is a heavy programme, but there have
been no insurmountable problems for students or administrators
to date. The programme has been recognised by the relevant
professional organisations. The market’s response to the first
batch of graduates is currently being evaluated.
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