Title 潮流による海峡を通しての海水の交換及び混合...

Title 潮流による海峡を通しての海水の交換及び混合の機構に関する数値実験的研究( Dissertation_全文 )

Author(s) 淡路, 敏之

Citation Kyoto University (京都大学)

Issue Date 1981-07-23

URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.k2597

Right

Type Thesis or Dissertation

Textversion author

Kyoto University

罫

醐

学位申諦論文

瑛蹄敏乞

学位申請論文(Tkesls)

潮流によ葡朧遁しての海水の交換亙ぴ・

ラ箆!合一の機構に関すろ数イ直実騨ウ研究

關轄

炎略敏え

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4

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8. 4 LND

Arre"d1xI

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A Itir.11;~~t`) Et. L 117-0 ; oT giAZ 7kt~ .i7-199

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VT- 1-207-7""3~~ -rt'~~2Ti9, 01*-A /x-2Z

Unt

^ ~~ ~~"'~ o~ 1 i~ . '4.i = li ry 411

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1 1"~ b'aW.6/9 -'7 l` n,1J ,ao 2, t M2411---46•

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=^i. 1/07~~-AcTiL "' •mr;)1-:_-&-00-730t' *Kii 0 _a)-tab)

4ellit''• _1r6tA1 iraa L--b‘ Lis If'''. fitij21—ia'77 jrd;tIo)m --Ath. 2)a)

~t7ft0 <. o9n5)it't-5 01976)

G.13`"Sd172 It Ts 0 1.-7'1,• 2-k.-, ZtiPkik/d4-4(•

A• is t _~ v .' o A'I,,-n` P.,ke' et QI. -'

l ~ t6 ' 9, t r OLD h a 4 TI- ::**%- . hfi, 5 .

t . 2_4,=r, ..-131':_)rt=7--0).to)aio=t t~~ a z~a

61T—c-c. zc.)4c)t0 Z(NIo

C. Cr) c-ra ;Z,o~^ Z, 1.t~*z•'t<ka'77)11.7t,7a —

(= E 97b CStok.s, i 4 z) E_ 13 L. *it-eggel - .dCfi°'4 4 5

t' I-L-r= .t=L R '1 ta1 s ~~T~sr ^~ h~ ~, ~~ ~

:. iir 0 SS ; AL -)2'"/A-apt-la'. :. as Vr~~ifl^a r;1114(00)/

' . Fq.1 ^- l: t7j e'k(C') F1_11 tz_4- -5WI:;A(L.

<t„Ai,,641( 4,47K~~~..,~~, 417Z10 T-(F4.1.010%),~ ,Z

t)a' Izl,'t)z11 It '1 A-0° _194. r.$669

1 >~1 ~~ ^_ ~, l=rd ~~''~; ~1~;7~-c,' ~-%; n h z-T05"744-7a°

- 3 -

75 km

\i,STRAIT

41)km

I

INNER

BASIN

4km

1I

5km

OUTER

BASIN

OPEN BOUNDARY

n r

Y

>x

35 km----------- f------------------- CO KM------

Fig. 1, Schematic view of the model basin

tiaZ L, -to') :I crizli ,ril1s c 'I*'4 7-xA KTI6-WT TT 4-?I 4-

>~~ r la . 1,1 5-€1 :&-r4 = zf -,z 1 )- 9-77 ----

~). Yc~~'~"-7:~2 1-~~zJfiLtZ~<~Z~' 3d 1'; =-°) lJ%1,a 1-"f

-• 59"5/f): 1_ L.,Z 0,ere`51 u 53KZk) Lonpet- thajiNS oci61) 11, -• 9"7

file]qi,:i4I11)30/t4114.1:_felATrifirXf111/0/firI,Tc.. t 4,1a. 14(109

rs -1-I C` ct a ,a t_ p u1 Ii. Lot? a- H111hs ~~..47 ~ T- s **CM la 6,i

1=r 1 ~`) ()Ia,Jair I) 7RIi .fi lrt= fk i '( P'Q LT-7-

41-2k 40/tL„, b}ti-;, 6J .Il l ofto-rcl=latL

(17A r.LZ 1'9, L(1)itA L.IS,=407•0)--~}~KColtiA /'tifI#LI-71.1t A7km:)

I) 1:** 'f *q % a -e1=k ,z'i.>1Jo /Iftiti-)4"4 -*& ;(A

Tt f'%rr~ o `~ ~z.4111%101E0,o5,41A%07)%17 Iz-_I,‘1173 k;~.P~

Ittt4L,7k)r. t#

- 4 -

2. Vi L

W l i- -4 )it\)~^.1,zo) .ii-A(t a 1 R-7 =tt,R4I to -176

/7a M2 A 1=*ct;tfi 104;;V'l-b°'7t99 WE o) (L)-

t,t-41111-"g it 4'ao A2'1 t'~75k--,11 ¢o 1a)*()

fit, 4 k^v.) b -os 'h 1= ~ z P O 3h T IR 9P-;-t 54--N tz i 1 °

I - TA- o z„1, tt k/A la 1 1:0 c4% u•/i,

14t Lq,Z1‘9. -Z• M.IoT1Rm84z3_L-1=,Z= ktt7m=i _tP-A,ie..:`ta,

2-1. =ftatt~”11z7~Z

tit-4 ~Ta) 411 lc, en t z NT-0)

attw•vHlu+ilk)U=iVK-- I ,:u~ -r H fi3

a3 - —UH" (IA] at

(2)

Z,. w 11t+CaTT-77-T4 TI-77-A44.-E-11_7t-i-41, ~~Q LA, v- " LI2J

,N% -r.9 t Y151-4(11-r]•,3O?74L, Hil c ,. (= 7:0(16-4s-1) i'if9

/V-5 -g-, 5 C=9a•ocm/S2) 1JPOI], ilk 11 V ch (r1nt1)o$'«N'2^ti, iA1 (=55pos

cm2/s) I-1 i(t 55t93 3%,I.5.'f fht, r 1a T 7 )-tL', Vii (_ aX r 1 a ) la 7k-tiq

7I-~t.• T^°1--q-, OHZ (_ t ay~)1~-77-7°7=2-7 2a.

44* n•'7 1-"i T( I 'fr 0) %+v;r C 1-}ear5, (975) LPU'<. 3-kit

- 5 -

_ = to l (Li (3)

(3)X1=R17 Ifansen(1956)ttr .s.'l=TI7Z2.6X103(s=100y,o)M.14111t X-C51-.710))

= 5tn C(2m/T)(4)

(4) :Iz tI1 4teiti3b gv' 1 T1a. _,zia90Ona-0.012VI rt" iv"7ZPi z

(+), (2) (/) ralr7~~~%14i,r ri5g10 1::11'*i-F : 1-.1LV-07", ~k

tkfkitX R_11 5N11I E[0 a'U'' AA=zvrn tari

t* I , `Co fi"'ffL 1-7 A-DI (Lee.ldertse, 17~) l= ~,Z17T,r ,

2-2..4olif=r'')l/Iz:7()Z

2-1 T''"1; 1i,oT1(1-43-EY7rX) *I'At- o , i-1 $+1Jiz9il~

TIL -(f1.2). -L1g10.51 f1691::

Pow arti Bi 2m/2 a)

~ ~~I~l~~zt^~o

OP! tO () 1^mtT 69 fi"~XnoNlZtl~~aj~o_47) )--ti"'ot

-N I:- LX( -4.2e ( t t (=t, -rot ) (_~• 13

X ti, (X„,t) = ( ho t a%) 7‘0) 0-If•CXC„OXxo.t),t) 1')•Tcn.k l;

z, 114 (Lfl10,e-t-H: l"S ,1969 )

akX)t U ( .),t), t i = UA () ,t) klA 040,-0 ,6%. VH w l.\I`h0, t)/ -C)

- 6 -

Ikm

Fig. 2

%6 km----Y3 km

The

in a

!rc

%3 H

arrangement

grid box.

of labeled particles (40)

xo

U(x0,t0)

U(X,t)

XotLX

Fig 3. The trajectory

particles with

of the

initial

n-th labeled

position Xo

(5) i . 11 - '. t~Z ~ T ; ~; ~ 7 ~~v w (~( t) .o 091t —6' 5-c5 -A 01 L. (.0)4

1`k tk 0) L.rzifu(L'Z 4 )'a • at Ring X (%.,,,t) t) I4 (5) °) 5 y' ~

titwt.-L Okitot t(=tDtbt 3t ^ _ of ,49

Z` i5 t>111 -i7"4 i't-t13 (4-4112 lii7; f ), -~It Z" ~+J7~~a~ 1

01-17 I - LZ Is . 04- 69 I~ ~ . ( ro,t) cl;~

-b`..r, 1k 22)30 ox( 1=` I-51-- 17-n~431Ue„ .1W ,42A r--_,

t1-1 axc(=ftotuA (,Dt)dt) Er-41 L. ,Z (5) ~' 7 ~'7 w~~ ~L

`6179•'-751_44 . .~lto+ist7`oritti 3. Efulta i

s X"l(g..,t)ia *0) -5-V A`.3,

L

Xn (nD,t) =X110 tw (^\ nD,t)+cW( ,o,t)df• ~+ uA (Xno.{) 7 dt (6) to

(6)*' RI' "7'1E1 =*-4.14•17".1 I- L7 ")77'7_%‘,a 1

Zl PI1=&173ofFARO At -1-a. (5 oAq,

'(li( Z't 1-1 . t'9 of a 6141 131' 414 gaTJA 4-C&019 7a 1t. . ib

L 1) ( L) Lo,,ret- ni't . '*Erd.

**JO") 0,1E4,47I= t1 Z. *it)- "1g1l0)1(, i0/3 5-R- . <5^"-zt~~l~ ~^

th 14)4-,1:-.1-1, ~2 0 ~111~•' ~ ~`..~ ] A~ A~~~ t-"~~z., ~ i~ia.

Ts` 1.. 4r-0-'3i- tit LT ,

tUt{*(X•,t),t) = W ( o,-t) t V (%o, 'Oat V, W ()`Co,-t) (v)

az (-)IEIVT - 81..4L t ~~~o '(I is (T) '~ ~, - T1 -3 Y , 7,1

Zti _o) (7)' (6)' t=~,u-c- At crql 1 1:::"-LI_ .,L705,

- 7 -

L`k t0A-- t" V.4 31 ~C. t" 9 19 Fs-0 ), 1= =ii ~ ~~ I = +

T"a7)30 "17.93 L r (1976)IJ, 7n

I. I fiH/1 z“=41-Ai~T~9 II 1= r ,z ti q (=,r- 9 1 o k ,- >>,l-t) =

R LZ 11'a° ~ 1'- G~ - ~~~ d7 t t gilVOMi2LIz i13 7 it rs

1.,.011z1T"-A4k t-pl 1' ,111 l=7T97,

—f(kz^= -4LIPig10—a)4-41=-#00) l t^ifLiP),(r)t N71=

at ~~z 1 RAN bc5 ,Y34-k, 7,1rr<. top(la)1(l«L)

= i 1011, at = L. Yc°»tNIa)' -a b (6)t'1=~,z 9C Jl=dt ~Z -Vo) fP 1 1111)4 FA** L-"' 4z„- *it* , ofd *, t,

*131,-1 9'f4•75--.)79 (at)r_'r < aI vsreff4 (1 v)L`4-t * L i)v7i - t&,f

4f113 fkL_L7.11 tAz!4zn --tr att. L-6,15

h L1 3 ii Et 3"it lf, i I Km LXtift t 11 atm B Si 1=1,7 of L7b ~~~ ~

1) <9 .j° ' , t, ~7 1E. -I1 9'14•7•,97°

~a~i~LXrr Lu0Le 7^=ataifki.""Z_Z44kIS". 17,5--•,7°lI0 s YE nix 3 —

Att i oIc,i aitto9-rxt-- FRI -vT-11,.j.-q r zs'.

4 dt01J*tft-8tZ\I-•?`")~s.g.-v as (5)A:-7, ital. L (5)7-, it

7R-0A-p 51. I11-12—A -6,1 3 t

)(7) kisatiI= '~ *~ tt3 9 I= 03-1-1'7- - (x-)1a, 1 G^ l r-

1-1±cr= a lgo-hph-k-2*0I4#1<TT-47z 'N)1=° r= 4.0o0 1- -3t

(- IL41j"-m1= L-T'). 17,7-P° i_ 9',is = I u-F_~ ~ 1) J

Z--vs (i1 #=1, I Afffe4 x I I= 1; .

- 8 -

3. 31Teg oD

3-1. i1 #r

%/ it,111' 1z lro)t Tt, .. I -z ; r u, Q L t) / A J.t -tf T2 r/

Nlp'?'LLZk1-54)Z„ o,s-')TdLi;T-- ).I24I4.%:,0$.ztU"'Rgi

tit1:119a. 761=43 k I)71- gtiztfil54l7ll-3.1)"'` 1=ct,Z

'c~ 17S'z. ella Lz1i'=~a

tsm r •I - ^^Z, DKT-a () (4) :ILA% ,v Td ificv = 710)-411

U ( ,t) = at on • cos C(2r/T)•t t 9 )J

1Ih (t) ='l'o c6S [D A- "t

(g)

C9)

Z• 1 `d 11ic fii o latoD fiivi ivi, n/S , )110 T IS tiAti IT1 M L.1-31 `4

(I) Uo=1.00(44i/s), (3= 1t/4 Tgott grv'fliTArt7Ltt-)

(IL) Uo=10-4• ('s), (i)=1E/4 oto) x-)

(1) Uo=1,00 Cm/s), ?= 7r4'Io Carla X & )

(W) up. IV-4.14 ('^"/s ), `,)= 74. 10-4 (fitkoi a -v 1 o rt7 tt- )

=it5 4)T-7,0 7,W-i,rgk R,6v'"502WV Pal I- C60kif,

=F1 .4 iz rr3 (.)I( I-&it'~~~a:.

k) s, 'Vknl=Agilt ( . Yrisrgo-44e311"~

cI ,P (I t )F , P1)-o.1wi 1---_•—t, tf1s.<~t4f4,# fa-'c" d)

r R~~ ~~,, z~j ~T nP (l~, iTi -c~''TQoi )1= Ia 1 itIti Ito as 1= 573 I. LtY,

Fi%-)f 4-51Torl,41=1a. au'i[o1'cY') IRm X '269 .. Uo =it72oi

to 'r ill 141 c PEEela rd rElb t^' ‘14 (1i14 * )1 Y's 1= ;,74 mz , Y~

9

(km) 9-

7,

5-

10

5

U.

I__J

(P U=Uo.COS(cut-t-p) 2n,

V =0.25.COS(cot)w =/1-

....................

(I)

B

0

10

5

0

10

u

u

(Il)

.3 2 1

A

f--

2 1 B

(DI)

'3 2 1 I.

A

5 i • '3' 2 1 B

(IV)

0

0 1 (m/s)

0 TL/4

0 5 10 1520 20

Fig. 4. The horizontal distributions of the amplitude

and the phase lag of an artificial velocity

field (the left side), and the trajectories

of two marked particles (A and B) during two

tidal cycles (the right side)

o) f.o -,r Li,ftr rIz-T••I - ^= 142%0 9)-K /3it`Ptir-b14-u, t)17 -to 4t'

Ltlo 4 _17, 411,1ttpg' 4I3 = V 9f 1 gl 1‘ 9,

3-2. *Wl-k A 214

3-1'I' ^= 7F~ lT'- 5 ~-1= ~~Z. ~1.. i~ CEO) *C i]")±1r7a mfi` t"27-V, .t. L# l"3 k-44(1-S's

k"miaait 471Clit" kilk4 t_115 t017Teik-.4 &)r 21+7".111\••1= 4

-14 27-4114197; WITE

gN';Tt)1=. o)7T'7 %?.AM) Oki( =ffm-44.7 (1) (2)Z-b' 5 *4 5 t1`Aiir J

(Fl.1)1711- 5ifilt-T uol (-1-uiz .^'~~. F.SA4••61= )-6,zl--9 . }2'97)-0

t/ I=4*7d-b`11)09-Et-3 Mz:4&Aiti) u,v`>'~i~a~#~r"s

L3-'0 ` I : 6g LZ 13=27;z-7,k, ,(-41 1 Am vt \-z l l T 6,) 11'L Is

2,5141/s u"7a-b°•, WAtfi`.77= ' 3X k.V2-7 (4^-I51(fi-,-F_^a6,5m/sig

Z"XT)7o 4i/-413t iz -Wary /V44a) = LI, .o) i>*()) z 6ti No) 4,4t

ko15't79Tee (I426)51=ZB7tH-rt

)k--(k170 **I k4 1It-77 51LT%' t:fc.) ol-Ii/ M Eq.

5 "~` Ta (Y-5 lz ,1, P ,b-' . 101alto % 7a bcZ i • 7)4 Am tz.

`~~ la 01110 07"4)1a-be\ 91-'901I c tIa 010197-Pao zenfag -0)tK

Yai *9 0, 6 4."/S Z"-t 201I". i(l l_ < ~ ~'Z = 1 ~ fxl l= ~i ~7 ~ ~ - -I~ ~ ' 1= o t l l a La)

imp:,:41(4:Tkr '1=JA-fthl , 1I -=ARAiN*11 a)1 7-- i'a.

- 10 -

(A)

Fig. 5. The

(A)

ci,,,.....----:„._-_, ( „______T„\ , ,,,o, cl)

(B)

calculated M

u component

2co-amplitude lines

and (B) v component.

(A)

(cm/s):

0 III ! 71 ft°/ / /11 i_ ,

PHASE LAG

d V-mrtp d M2

(M7)61 \ 7

0

-2

(B)

Fig. 6. The

(A)

calculated M

u component

2co-phase

and (B) v

lines (lunar

component

hours):

•

i‘

. • ,

/1 /1 i I

I-1----- _____--_,,,„ ... • . _ - . . :..,., ----,---„,------.1,...---- ___

,i___,___ z . . ---- ---F‹___-----.,„,,,,.. ______ . . .. :

, .,--------NNN.-- i \-_____ /\/1\)\\.\ \., . . . • ,\ IN\\\\• • t\ -N.,____ , , 0 \ , .. ......

\‘,N__,), II t \ k\ \N_,_____,-/, , i 4 4

\ V4...-____ A/IV \ .. --\ \ . . ............

^ \ .... -

1 ' \ \ .

•

•

•

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•

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•

•

-60 - 30 (CM/S)

15

Fig. 7 The pattern of the tidally-induced Eulerian

residual current

1a -1-1h\aca o I. (11 l*i5'IA 7.9.3 t-71. ulakOp-b- ifiggien1811zWad)

%'h2go UV- E7 (c.tz441, crit I= T. rrl .t1 ' c,:It.lr .

~ ;~. Lzen *ctik 1= t 4t*„ Lza) Mz 4c.17 R =9 F14t,?). y',ottn

F ?,z)1 , ,r ,~^ cal M2 Irrt,F~•rriPc r;". or) H2% IGAU"= -590AILO

fi\ir ) -i'(1), i%9 ri Aye a 31----"X r-- -7(a 4. c*.-4t0 0)~~^~-~3 $ >^

i i~~~ (1\~tl_ ,~^z~~$L~h1a 1 ^~ tz )77; L)) FI0 I i4. " 3IT qr-~•~~

't . L T i 2eA Wig 0.7 % 1<cg: =')ontW 91,: * 0 11.4 (0 p i~ LZ k l 3 . B Alf c ®Ir.

(i) (11) o) Ont2 r1'a ; Ac n O * 1. 5 00(114 1 clip = ~~z L7 a 3. N= a S

_ttrs-7T Ac-r,41-AAcitM' 7400 4.3=.t13. Lit9 filrx< t*L7) I(f t

9911z 4:A AS0fi1 3s4)81 I=•. '). r (x1%47k6991,; n ,a fScl *RA :—,z1130

al I (111)O) , 45 5--€19fcrA 'I11z_x-31 CO Ito 5112k-k# 041" - T 1-7u 3 . 6E/5. cz),9

Iingr_VS-ftio)jl*•. -Lz0C.LZ113,.-or~^1-7-17`3.Zmzrla.

y_. it 7- la 47 tilja it us o- 3 ~114141.7 iJ : .5z Mn<. MI*

4dAtt-t'XI42ktiet-V14 )11At7z\13:ttfr.LZ,13. ?V). NWr-;' r- 3: 11.*4tE

~,Lz#14114-I.2 , )1-'45 itit (trim" LL.--m ITo) t'rkt;•zl\~

(a)a)icc®)1=1a.(1), AcC+t z(13. _)ftla FINAI P(NZ

1=1'3 ~i 3 ,x h"' ~r3s ~575 (a 1- 4."1; 1) I17'' "= 79-" Lza)'Tt~I t-41EIDA LZ

ll~tt`7Z"T;)do off) a)1, o F11.71=0174'li (:%141.17;i 1'I~~•I~~ %~~~c u~j,I~11~~11~Z".'~flC'

7.1a 4-3,"4-L1.LZ71( .iOtia (I)t C1004;411= < kArg1=11,z1),

(I) Cu)o) Aje, 1=7Fzt'1.1z c•=-2r3 '1em tI*c M —^a . ' ,r-

+itOfTIT iT va9 * VI ten I=c1).76o RI. 5-te6I= ~.i.41z1)

a#>1.0 / 12Ai 0.)+NAr .RitII : -Attut i 1= '11z • ft,7

5Ts i<. ~~ 3n"1~1I=-Cira.

1= t>r~r_ o 1 . r S< Lz%I. p7)= t

i ti.M =1.itt MA ' o) ?^")71^L ll` S(I Z _131")bilL *d+ i3'1 .1= Cr 41 Is

- 11 -

(A)

: A B C

1

D E F G f K L M M ~1 N N 0 P Q R S T U V W

TIME=O HR

Fig 8A. The initial state of the inner

waters.

(shading) and outer

(B) Casel

r - I i I 1

..45h

•

6 Pr

(C) Casef---_-

1.5

__-

^^ ^

1

fi0hr

90 hr

Figs. 8B and 8C.

The states of water exchange

at every 1.5 lunar hours in

cases I and II, respecitvely.

(shading denotes the inner

water.)

(D) Case Ill

:.;.: ... • ,z. % ! • .)" .- '

:\i '.\•„. . % ..', ..'.-. • '-.

• • •: . ,. --: • ---.L-,..:..2.:—:--, , "

-. ', .. ; '',,, - -. .•.:.:(c-::

: .—'."::.:-'-..•,.—..----,...._,?-z' :.'N-:,,,.:",•:::1,-..1,... -.."..1-.;:.....," :-::,.. ys.:.:'' ,,::::.•.: .-:-..::,:::;.: .

f' IF`

•

TIME=12

)::,::..

1

OHOUR

„. .::.,....._...:„._....,:::•,,:i.„ .......„.

r_.. .., , ... .... _..i .c.-

.....

UR

•

•

•

Fig . 8D. The state of

water exchange after

a cycle of the M2 tide

in case III.(shading

denotes the inner water. )

,, .t1

/

/

Fig. 9 The trajectories of several representative particles

in the vicinity of the strait over a cycle.

The solid and broken lines show the former and the

latter half of the trajectories, respectively

The squares show the positions of the particles

at 3 lunar hours.

k')714--KIK. k < ; i4 1141; itt..Ti • tr_~C01il= zt 09 iz

Ck1; 1= ~ U r (114 i$ o n: ) 4-* , *M3-0'-% 4'et4iw) 1tl?r-4

L-c Ia (1)0144 r- t1Z tif77. Aii i;I=3321-- w.14'

9'71-l=1,7 114> -cM;1z 94 ft vi f 3 -4 t17 L. j ra:l 1r 1-7ra

tt.)`7^1.

®0' = I:. 4f1 A, t_Dift q fk ;, ~ g tr. 3. ca) o i rk

mcr 134,7, 1, t. I talii fk6A-14.1 IS Ca)O^=Ia (r)0 IAA tig 9.1t c 7-Lt) CT461e1

(DI)oi 1=I z_o ts tla ;viz Itt(

tiL-CR.I-_-.*t4E-UUzr P12%0;0 Aft h-oPti .o) ti. Ai, op1 m

Y_e) tfA *, 71) S r_ -0ME X £ I =i 1r.. 4"=Ve -11"3

t.,47#34 t. -44aglaa)519-icid*Ii 41,1:0111mIz'rr34114cAlg-ti/Itf-11114-4111131--

Mitt jz Td 7 -92• (4,1 REp;4 ,$ )-g14-i. boIc 1 I

I=~G1=l hai La=L' IZ 4I-4±,a) fq^'*ti ¢1`4*a) c -n"' " 43.

-n°, g1 L---co)

- 12 -

4 Ot

_.. () '1a MA 4 %k1,x L- t 1` 4:t>1c0- K' na (1A..200)7 . `C*r.

rt-Ii" 1 fifltff it I= t 04 or e ( C61)0 E VREs 3) tt 1) it

R V s/va.x LID)

CIO) ~1 4'I~'a VRES Ia, ;43la4tiffn L- I)1MiRSi1-pli34>Ko),140 it- (-1 tlaoz• 3) .gir.l,Zl)a7'1V"S<, Fig.to ,r2R1MIA* 1= '(17V41*PfM#1-3¢~ >Ico~ z,~z11~

t/wax UR60 Fi-Z11= ~~llZla~tj ~' Fu A7~`7..-

T7~^I_ t''711^^z*61rjr_ % *Alik"4:$1(0)'lJ -12`5.VJ*1="i'It r1'1`,Ica)4111..

1= t,Zfr1 b t.2o • Irs.>h-5 . F . 813Ait 8c A -Lir 5 34010)61-W5 U>~ax fi": —t To) I) s V.

`m =, r_ LT'iin,i-n ''~2 i *c6'1`'fd5rs. -1}t1.7.'0 ,14t ydoz',*s 4

7=2“)77 -1715 TiI, t * bn-Of• I z 1T >ItZr 1kq, %Fcg 't`.Y -t 17 -17) 111 1 •T“kft 'CI h SC

~~rd 11-F20-7'7Z(. _3k$Z"(/) 77,19Z=A 7' I t=TaTPZ' ii),T*d-Iitt 5rs-5 :4i(o)k

— 1) 77y77'%„1z cps-Walt CCiatt4*(--s' , r-`'ri jiz tuz ,

Cl ='~~Z' Y 11 'I t-7Z117a•

tZ. Uo)4',17"; r r2itr We 1A- 3 (T)4U' arm ij o) v. VREs 745R04

Tabte 1(=440 0)0) M(=-711Z 8917` I= b'3 E 1-'an-to-1rC2)L -U''(II)041,0 1= < ''`Z .r),L04 i-47`(7491.4-1. Tc,le 11= CI)9

one kfit * rj 4-407'4) 9. (IMAAIS t43 8-7(y7'-P1d. 13-Ac-44-0)11-ti •ra„uJ

M~: ~1=•~r)Z"~ +,1rf 9 *-trO -424. t11:2, >tz I ~~ T-

z 11~.1=, :AA T- 0)kirRZ Ia/ft'ta T>cPk ` 'fk.is 10^-3a /, ti7)rz1. •kh'E'•41

- 13 -

71

:I

.1

ORESkw

VMAX

EXCHANGE RATIO

R = VRES/VMAX

OUTERBASIN

INNER BAS:N

Fig. 10 Schematic view of VMAX and V RES•

WATER VOLUME

V (3 HR.) V (12 HR.)

EXCHANGE

RATIO

TIDAL CURRENT

TIDAL CURRENT +

INDUCED RESIDUAL

TIDALLY

CURRENT

213 x 107

214 x 107

(M3)

(M3)

84,1 x 107

186 x 107

(M3)

(M3)

39.5 (a)

86.9 (7)

Table 1. The calculated values of the exchange ratio

g ftIlt*d)-11-r'-v9,4izkl-f' Lk' PAOew,7a61z d 11t ra••7a.,7 -iton.

t*gi~*Zlr_l'krr- 179 <o) * 0a) 7.1T-7,1-o' i-Akia.

m ='4 4• *it; , zitk1 ?J zk0).401 i_ r„.91 P-2 “iZs t-S43 •;

~ y ti,.. ,t r - Lt . ') , p

e7M8ti tt,l,Z•^7aL&z.~O.

- 14 -

5. ^ 17k. 91-5t ;Et

Z*t Z• .tr 1.LtV/*14c,-) •t,-) Ilw ® 1 4t',-tita 7-l'^(Utztl7l i~ilt In~r

Z" , .r T-213'l:Lfitt,, ) 1=< lT3 11%Sw&LAt~~~„zlasj ~Z

: t 1)`~ rt o o :517-7"1J( . a tm 51-1=.4R:4 1 grPir l !;ft4 )1'9 1 ~~: 1c ra~

Iz-7ZSlt: RV •4rZ'Tth 4.tlz c, =11],?4*‘(._:PcP('er, 19`[31

' E,Z , ;t,k `c.41-: *11 3 t-Tz: Ta— *, RE *41.t411. 1:71.10 L. n

17-X7701Afg'l Ic1)RJ4AK1a i-~cPaj~~Yrrd~o ~ 1~,

~~~•~7-"= fi A4-03- 4 3z-rx1 lct *Ic '-

-c-b' , r k*17-- A-r'r-') =4At :1B WI 49 -A^.el;~ ~il, -*tic 'oa-.5rTigtl" -1L,7 3enif u,T .1_-711z kttt . : )3 J 44a)~,,t

5-1. -.11,71AIVA, o dt1,e -ty.

5A*-110 1: p 4,0;79" 7%,"s A , (s) )054 5 .51)-,71-

Z 2,'13o /, t1'tt®o t ' 7-1%I ,„''Lri C=t.-1-6t) 5,97°Iz t711--111I

114n at.) G 3 d L t^wtl r.3' rtXit /1 F :17.4`17' eo

ri (tw+ti) = Xn Ltm) -t 1Un (tw)•at

-f- (-t- 1bGett.),t}at'•vH(ILAtxtittd dt11 (11)

(11) 1-1,11i UA {) N I.IM ,tj a, 4Ri7 i k-1 4- „'- L..trt D I--g• IT7a th,p) ,w- /~N (±-W )

z'a (Atilt m9I(7X'15-'14.Z ') 9-2'0)t o1qt)-rM ti 4-I:::.t,z �n5)k3 (Air, dk

- 15 -

chE142A'12ePiL4: - I=IS. ;_31A57i11,I1:1= t^t

àlgt -7",vt'"kU(7i4'l.z^ 17a (S.111 , MI I ; Hall, nr15.40o Off-1=i` tr ij

1111 ii4=l69-trZ•2-#Ztikf t917- & A^=Alt 7•I7-iT1177'F_X 4-"t)3 Pa34)

c lja I YE)/'tL`). I 1g1P Z" ' S7rci-;? 0.14t-LZ694#0 4111 ( 1'N.^ Et1E U)

k q". -7 *11.3-41z ,f4 51-4-'I, fiti 469-11 t a1* Ti

f.tl& 7-5,7a 1Z•I3. zlL77.-fvf .2_11)**I-.-. t

u .fi`.i 4 1_4kz 07a C14aIt) tgR5)0 -m-T`RAZ_ 4t —fa) ( ~ Jr)$ ~

ILa7 V .-€))$1,=il' b' z IL37 (17fl4JZ 4A-7117 i- II

I z 9 1= FIC ±4,t r d)74,19. 4.69 L I , C 1926) ,a)5-1'101.0.10%01=44% a)3" I Li7"'0.,' 0 :I;.1:, 1l

C= 1=i ii1- F.< , o...7a it Eiiirrr. 3o YC-7• ~'i`Z~ ~a _m ZlL J

-:/•~T"ItiIz ,z*4-e) rtt'ao Ita)14- 1rk t, t s0)44:1!

/ LZ - c z•' ' is 7` t rat ) L~ *3alr". , _ z•` Ir. a,': 41-4t L :420) lck,

4 E13 iL A4 IS It vi — -F-:r tAfti tbi'ke) 1= -71174 , w0414

wej "r" (16195) t" Alt '+11-P113 t!) fa Tit 5. 3k%^ z +f 35 44ep n.7-14

4t:Ai-A0ft 4sE 1= LZ tos, - It* A-4 ' r t.,1= vL*tfi : etk 411:4 -b" 1 U i sq

Ia Io4..,to cw+224 i4-kLAffcfftT1=L4 41,0h-tl'" ='cI zol l=

k 17 a 1t /t4 't" t z. Ip9 c`^/s 'U'' tos ('^'/4 fi^ ' t3I' 1-I

:714yltel) l^ bis q= issC

t914 $Lktfi`.. 21<-0=Al-f,1bt3' t=4.1$'914TfiFltli'lls.#ei z•• '?-t•sm3=2t~,,--77N'5a

4L- a)ftttVs143 1 , 7 74 iTt 61) t-4-). Pal -cll. ft

*aPETt 0976)a);fi11' "O t--1 1 Bill'3). tit=t>;7"t)('fink) 41.7aik,-ho

*I.% (IL17--fvf -ts°)L') I- j Lzâ At rid,x1LI= b ' L7~o

$ kt g 3-2* Z"XY1=(t-51=U4-la$ Î-~ Lz~~~~~olz••, r>;j

*Icti41•,',k))s) f )1=9fif1=V5ÎZ , =A*01044t J) czat

- 16 -

Izg.m :.v_t"7"1 a)l(,.'u*ka)A,~1=la tuh 03/00 -5-7-9.4 st';

raAtir L"7a 91-047K Fq. 8 ontAa^S5r--$a tgltlz

~ c 117 3:11 t I o -4A17-1;C, 4I4t't or , 3 Avg 17-IS-I t1 1= rrh 111i~ 14 *'11 --41)et

k -E*an 1=â133)-ril1_VI-TA& -b1.9-ihla--1‘41-1&%1(3)7--11 fi`..,

ti it L7, ==Z13 3-2' a)V)2011=-15t 2a16,436ntt4-t*J1I1-v1 1-tOl 4~

CF1c .~1 )a gnift iot I.71.s. 413e t; (1Ì26) Rlz.) at 34.`,LI)91= e*cl~..

Itl "Z -1*Zll40)7". 2_-21* almit 1 IRAP4

At 34 i=i .*: 3-2/00 'tL &a 71.,7 1=~~ 1~ 3 ~t ~~ L

411.t. r.ily R a^-14o)AFlo 'El.Z P.')t-§0)3In* rz)h

• l_ ~Z 40)Lipts-Pete: ` (,+R ,roko " == 7-4 7..z "2T -L44 7 l47 4,Z

t,-tirra g--kr) 691àn 01,0^ t=&)

s44,44,$L1Mo) 69fEf ten Crttt. t,'v1= 31E& Iz.

Vka)Z 144.11J l _ 1614 A 0t4 j '(; 311tHaltMiC ,1y 2-210

Pia.121-(I)tuko )144 (A)# r (' CI:LZ II240'1s 1.---41144 L*'-1 3 let , av(1)4

WW1= LZIosc-2/s (z- 44i-tbh1?t 3i 37-71=JÌl-77 *21(~~~%

o) n hm 0.130/344*trg -. 1-r CMS a 3 8 M41/-t-z- , 21011144.-V 3 l ta A,I'c ."

4411 0) 3$ R --2•17 7T- ?. F;a.121= ()Z 14%-' z`•91-

0-4 II zt Co) z"ciFztAi7a. i-rA% 134> -Ifs t 7 At 04 A ' -w)- A01-v

-14m>41t1Z614 "+�,h /2 , -v,"3 tslat4 )z Ia lukd)

00 OD et A 1= ra 4141ten (T) Orr 2 t< • L * 7-7',) K1l 1~

- 17 -

1

Fig, 11 The initial arrangement of labeled particles

(16 particles) in a grid box, The particle

denoted by a black circle is selected as the

the specified particle (described in the section

5-4)

CAA I

-!!-,v;i -1

11d53„tir ttit-+M'

t:1\1101) , 0 \ .' .1.1.,

l 1 k e

3 HRS

•

4 A~

~_ u

rt ) '^ M'~'~a rf - lVt'r

4

t :t ! 4 L r

udnun un+•n''w,,~ a r.4.11',0.

6HRStf ssSy!~j ` F,, t llJrt~~~'w~.,r t°

``''-- + !r;t<'f~=

3' +-,1%-4,-.:-

..,1%.,1%.(31(rco...isaf7~f..x4 ` ., .1'.:,t ,.jl.•s xc~rti

11? ~'N` `rt

•,q'4k~

' '"Vri? )'4' i': ;Pi „I'l '•::: 't)

tt',ttttti,kt,tcl,.tr } , t,_ 'a , •;. B

HRS

~.~ , , .

•&1J3 . y

"~ ).~%-.` ~$' a/}' /~ ~~ J • `.r

® z •

4."(

•

&f '4" ' f

12HRS

} t

J ,~//• v,~

~• G•A; * _ 44

\ s ``~/~ `

(A)

.l&'/ .|2~.a%. ..l~ :,

,t""-• .rk~ ,#!,

f24® ~l~'`~ ~xrw,~4,1

\\r/}} ~44 \~/,#:Q ~~~' ,~

•4

\jft VPo- ,~~

r!r~

~i ••••~i s ;" ••• . r • s7` "'NW,

r a taY i • i`P 1,

.1, 53aC+1I^''

4r r.,?;*- aa'~ ,Ftws'1.r^r

Jai; ttA 41,

24HRS

.- \rt • "\ t o / ".4,A—. °.faFhr4.t....

M•~`r;4 sV.:{aF~•• J..k .,,(.;,

a r.I.

27HRS

~t1,~r1. tv},~ t •s-S 36HRS

0,/". L 444" ~• `

•

r rY'~ •7;'" ,

%is;hj1W..crr:_• sa°1=.If-"^.

„iyPe(iIII at.h .•1r 'ss i i\.

ir

.

.~ •~, AJ 4

it x.*>;!'

"

t ~~

4

. ;' • .

5 '. R -..

Fig. 12A.

of the

of

The time-change

calculated

labeled

The black

the inner

and the

distributions

particles

squares

water

open

the outer

Dot-dashed

initial

in case I.

represent

particles,

circles

water

lines

boundary

and outer waters

represent

particles.

show

of

the

the inner

W U) Q U

I

[

.

•

• ,..

: 1

k

171

*:%- .~-

e,

•

•

•

+.

I

f

r%{«! .~^"42

}

z\-;-t— ~~.!f-,,,I.. %

%kl-r .~C~,3 ^

,A.:4:,,...... .!

i./}a. `` ,A Sy ;.. ~1,N,~.,

'S~\ 2~lk.&-_.

.__J_`

CC _

~~:7:#R Z~f,e

'—-¥L' ! 5~~,(«a- .-v-• .a««-.

' .~-©V-` r4 ~~ :...p.,.......;~ -2/ n%f/k#."-

./..rt--Pus'».".,%).•>- "1"=7:vi' %'1•k2Pi•'- A/z

%~~A'

w 0

_

f @ Q

/ j

0

/ a w

« w

44

m

0 w

\ / 0 0

e

\ u \

u e

f

CU

%

u w

m

\ j

_ P.

0 CU

w

/ CC/ w

0

e _

$-1 e

2

( a -c

a

e

m e

e

P.

e

OP:it

TAr '~¥

»~/~ 33,4?, "I

J' ,\/;4— 4ry ,u1 .16' .. . ~~~~ ' ' 2. •~;qf~

' ~~,&~_

1.:\;(1-f',. .&~|,{ $-( `'

x }

its •

rr

U)

co

4"2;17. a

•••• 'y t o`f\.

H a) m

u

V d - • , t - ~` S

\ 4 aN

•Y•

V }

i a r el •1

tt •

_ -

r-N

.;

a. fS s-4. a

rcr..*~to"~'*ra .1". :I t1r

SC.~y r,.+-

,.a

f4. .,.•

3 j~ ƒ~

&w 4

\

f

ita \¥ `7ia,V.te \: •,.j,

•~~ ' .Qy. /; fa.Ci•-‘ s

4'/ 4/~ • •

}9~.~~~ Z.

t,14 ~2®

ro

ea t

f 4

L.

Sy

{•

.~7

• •R '• ~~ f •_,..74'•

.7 4i' r1. ".1.j yr

C 1 Oi4 o•

er. ys1

rf •r;s1'.05-.'u

.9a4'

•

N4' 4s; 47 71

U,

CD

*vv. z-4--+ Y. 4?Ii .l1• 3.sr

x(a;. it,•.,••~~•::. '.t f ~ ~ r1L

•a •i_.t

~~q'a' .~y4) 1 LF '"" .an, .S'"riff`e

tr

.]Lx•.—

y•

tat.4 •

•

• ••^•~ ••, •

e

e N s cr

t

, .

Y~ ~fy~_ f

n

t 1`

m

CASE

°1,Zly~•~~4x j +s• .t

i tr.;st :~7~r.~3 HRS

i^( 4, cr "•

i..) t t Air 14"t"

5.t /yr,tY wY-rYii4 tl-+xde -d

~ t /~{ t isI

5 + r5•tS~r5 ittt•ti,/r,'`r~w+ ~,'~-=1.At iSpf.) .I ~t~t ~.y*fYhV R;-0...• e YS5 •

rd '~ "5.3

+1. p J

T a

.

.5 •c ~v

aPar

i

•,

..

6 HRS

Yy J., .a ~i J {

i•~y'~.1'~t • ° a

•

7 r. 6- 1ryt

~~lss.Aat • +

•

t

• •

r t <• '

T ~ w

e i

o-------------------

4

• (TM ° a

‘1' " ! P

•

.' •v • • a.9

•

^>~ -' r1 ^of ,i

.1 `<' .~~.1„~4

^•

• 1 4 J . q. » y ti• +.

a `~ ,

fa.~r ati 1+'rC 4N .4 71.1

3 r•

P."4..+ fr' -

^ `rj

'3°1%4: 9 HRS

' Y%

Irti r

.

, ••

.5%......`'},•• t.'4`'•°'

sto-:r isXtr~,'''':

0

~,~°•t t 4.-r%.-3r~°ir T~.t

15HRS

-

a

r

'21 11 5 \ 1 :I !Le t•R4%'

^; \ s/

•A i+

'r• 4%41'= ry ) a, J

.•,, " .

24HRS

L, •\ • 4,

'7,a

s c

.1

y Y''

ti_ x

f~

27HR

'fr itA .1.r, 4';y~

~~l /1 tip z.A1,x~~ ;

' J

7 b

ib

ue•

- ;r z -°3 1P-r

4e..' S q' ^,,. ;‘,1' 4^' • ~ 'ry.~t 1V ~ ^~'e ~lj w1i

•*yr.Ls~~• ,..~ •.bf e

e ? ~

~t J •2.1 _

12HRS

•0

— a `11 L,ti A

a r fr e

Y

f

,„

•c

36H ± it 4

•" •

y ` ' ..4 .

Fig

the

of

12C. The

calculated

labeled

expressed

as case I.

time-change of

distributions

particles

in the same

in case

manner

III,

(C)

5-2. "Z 7ka)I4:.~~

Pia. 120)31ltit1=ai rpa W: ik 91,;t7ko ft LZ s; *Oa (Inr(7100 1,4169c~~v

P i . 77a ct %tii3- t91-%'t-i0-11• o) ; ,LLEr_ (2)a)$blko)Ta ()AMiL<YT

11:4*I= a Td 9. fR% iK~4~; i(tir<Icls)91i-,Z)?a(P)iz 22).

T~$ I;~~zfRI %* (91-3)1=1P')Ct*tr 9((() a) 4E0 ( %'k) Li)i&l%')

9Z—, tz_pf 41- 0=1-A2KtSrUtoy41,4,-v13,QjIlitti',

tal U ° : 7K t boj 1t`fT 69.1p /J ' ii)4 iC 1 - -' () Zgr. ifik0 l PfriA -4$ -7

T. J 17)0n~~z4(t a••l;13rR). o 1& .1k

("Z•rs*t-4tr'(?-c4n•)' z. 04k TJkWnr-o fT>9TS O `MR .(127 'z~~~.

Mg (t) = NICt)/NA (t) (12)

(12)1-7 Z, NI (t) la n (t=o) I,I1- $l fAL*(41-1=-bia b" 'I t(=i•~)TrdWgItii1'T-

1W) IX 0-At I t t=40 t101 1=f;--f 7a 4 E k i It4

L1 7a. ^$TIT t o (t=o)I=fi' LIZ 1I .IIi- 7-9))'• •99A(vbl

ox (7) "I'I I= (KR) -ES v.., L49 C? 1#Iz.**10)TA a q6„

2KimI= L ai& (12) (4 •Cx•lntYw)..o)-LCZ••ViTfja)I=1 9 T j (Tmzrd"0,4a)r

Fil.131,(I),(r)hi'Co)6,-)tUi=$‘11"7a1b*MR~3

tIl o) it ln4-i[NR-7°p k) (T)001P)=1~ %~~~ 1=~

~ Z Twizgtukt t)•" iv-T ur3-)) a LZ k)7- > 0monil 11, d)

0)-1+tl C — t)'-AT:4 (50)401erfevc1, 1e(62) To 7z) , Z O tll ` t..401 *'l I~•' i 1 ~11

(9yer, 19rp)° T-_A/43-r- Mt -tv" 1ffTt1 4)11 1EL< ~h

- 18 -

L

^

'/

/

O.

/

1/ /•

• ti

7}

f. .

^ 0'

ti

A

•

•

{

•

>rc•

.44`..M.:.,!<•.‘").IL'

1 1

\ 1

<.Pi:C

r t' 1. t

I

r

L

i

i

, n1

ar PC'/

~~~

Fig.

`

L

^

13.

.--

L ,

),. 4\0. iii), 1 . ‘‘. \*' ‘,./1 ' 1i

I, f

71ink.1:/./,1;.

.IAt1

,.....:,.

d , 1

..../

. Y.-.: 0-^^•••

Ns, •. . .e..e- .

...../.'''•

A'•I / I • .„. ' . ' 1-....,-.... 1,• ....,

. 1 •-:. ' . , . , ...... _....• '''''. -''''",:.• . .,. . . C,.."'

N. ..„.:,....... ,. „

' A •. • . , 4 ..• , :7-

-. _ ...s....

U

, .fI ./1

.. ,^^ ,

/ -• "t

, '''........• /

L

14

0.5J F

st

\• u

•

- r J

N,7 ,~f w .7

•

~ 1+

! Y

I

9

1j::zl , ,,,__

~y `1`1

7

C

The distributions

tide: (A) case I,

MR are plotted at

Shading parts show

of the calculated MR after a

(B) case II and (C) case III

the initial positions of the

the areas where the values

cycle of the M2

. The values of

specified particles.

of MR are over 0.7

41:13.4*I i."61^) iLk-h•..rs,7,h.,a.. MR .T-r..;l- l.tr i);,0r I(°7 t•° 169 s:ZMF5ILI

a r r 5r- 0 .0)tp^Ir_1), ^z;4ti -.4.79t.-4-571(4 VAipf. l~1oz••K3<t-rr~? 3 ,r; La))<fii

t14*1'4A Ci1=,'^~3/t419 q (z)#rt.43IA'~^),~Ca~'~°J*-t~~~Z(1k1T,-zbitJEI;_

pa)T ?"n"“s ii t3° 'x7Z. (I)0t 0Ha #.t,1l, t-b° ,,VU1-',4* 0190 l- ,zno -1/

Or$Id) "&51.12-13‘" it 014-7a t.Noii"_ktipt n0 .-t"r)i" 4,ft, RHi,r~gR

10X-4-1.(7) T.T. ") IT- 17,3a 1= Fq. 1413.$I.ikt694v cv

o iAil zi— t c * 4 -1740b G-71' 7 i-%-j 7;:OtiJ"Gg 0 ~~~ , -54,7'U•.ii)*(00,

I '~1=1~ lT~tl~z '~ t))° 7.~'~dlt1-3'11a(1)mt01-1kaeriBik1S

z.‘ cr) iirti`'1r5 `q•• t&ir-A off4 4141 tptwfl.a(Odtl1-1 C0atl)1_ ,z art. -3x,11.4-1.--(

t^7 Y t 117a°

13 t'5 *LOP t^7 No 04 I( , rc=Z•11o.91_ LI "I~t' 5iK-

. *kWfaljni75% f -0I=-D` LZt;ifij11;L:F '3 at-7 Z",

~ 3r ,p I=~, IC IT - ir3 h{RO^l, z1-S-0.7y,(t-Mfi -)30' tL4&e)1t^ fi 1=)b

1=,7: ]Lit ttt71113.I WZ11 .-t)-4-)t)'3, :41_5 t'`7.,07

-11"T ‘I . . *WSItir -nrtra7 t#;(Z11. 1,1tbm;.I~

(AT- L [ Jtl'it^° or Lair .*4-04/1/4:- t>zla-1+14) o9^4-4>-o ,,ln'Peitttlz

( -v< -n'g-1 *pv41_ . t.z11 ;AA<P'° t1I,I 43(~1c777 (1J&

&o)lel.)L1&IS" 1a' ~~ m~ ~,' <z ~ I= ,ZT~~ t = c' la o-k

rd 1=4,7t1Nfi4*, -Ki'dgi1 ff All i'"/4t;'Z•)7-2')o

Fl.I5 F11.161; L=A- z$ Bg 1-T, t.z,t~a° t FT.15-a. CI)mI, HR (foot en

MRY,k9 1z1179n'", 7°U71.-t,l4T-r 45°0*-A

~Zt^73-h''7. t LAkl= t.,zki-f,,,,-K I <t tkt-W7a=t-1J'"*7fi'.° -r_ Fl. 16 i . L4o -t, cTld)

- 19 -

-1.0

-0 .8

-0 .6 `ou-

20 -`o-

-0 .2o'

-u'

-n^

-'^ -' 12

HOUR

100-

r _

100-

20- 10-

2 - - 2 -

-10- - 20 •

-100-

MR OF CASE III

1.0 -

0.9 -

0.8- O

0.7°

0.6-

0.5-

04-

0.3-

0.2-

0.1-

00

MR -1.0

-0.8

-0 .6

-Q4 100

20 10 --

12-23•6 HOURS~~

-100

ja•dt it8.dt

:I =lra•dtl+Ip•dtI D lanown

MR

iC

-1.o I -0

.8 -

--------0 .6 1oo- -0 .4 2

0 - -0 .7 lo-

2

12-2 - 3 -6 HOURS

:8 -100

p a00.O° 00~• ,.°°pp°ot O°

8V°0 G O4OAO° 0 ° o08 O°00°o 2,06. 0B° o

000g0~~°o 0o

8 0 0°c co, o 09 0 0 po0 0

O O O ° O°O

°O

O o 0 0 O O

O/

O O / O

MR -1 .0

^08

-0 .6

_-0.4

-0 .2

12 HOURS

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 1 0 MR of CASE I

MR 1.0

-0 .8

-0 .6

-0 .4

-0 .2

HOURS

Fig. 14 The time-changes

of a(stretch), S(shear),I

and MR in case I during

one tidal cycle.

-y(divergence) is neglected

because it is much smaller

than a and S.

Fig. 15. The comparison

in case III with that

after a cycle of the M

The dc-dashed line is

degrees.

of MR

in case I

2tide.

at 45

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

U

Trr T } TZ

i T it'

XTi'X X X,T

YX XX YXX

uklw w w W

CASE I

A

44n 14 44u

u

1

u

u u u

u

~U

Fig.

u

16.

x

T T n T

zz u Z XT z Z

z1Iz TT

trn T T x x x)4(----- x

xxx..

4

CASE III

T

Nu I 1INN

Z

14 N

N

n

B

The positions (small letters) of several water

initially in grid boxes (corresponding capital

in cases I and III after one tidal cycle. The

the initial shapes of water columns containing

the small letters represent deformation of the

or the scattering of water particles included

squares (case III)

v

;~4 Iv

particles released

letters in sqaures)

squares represent

16 particles, and

water columns (case I)

initially in the

(AM) ,L M.(1n)at,IR (3N)1,. `71911 : 1E*a 1611149t -rt(1)1)I

t„045 r-Aro,-h'kir t,TU^7ao 44-1J' 2i' tT *i t t?;4

tY1-rr4'7^^,'L ' ,, %1-srfr Ua44^) _~-1j".4t)'7 -t. 4,V001L

a a) &-t)," 0)14,,g 1tcgicktz s t,4t---Eayfi .irrpAit itf P(rl= -0,i LZ^^~vt1':

-- Z3 (1:)671 1-i IltLktJ)ra-L)LI)a) l_txi"RttiZ %^f tilli=fhT, 17:11Zti.

FV.h c7-art:7Ta 4-#69 1_,1.,'otr 21-1-74 z~^7-aot1tialg091I it;g~a

F,1. I21, I=i' <-7-òrkft&W7rx 4-0)1 MO ag).o;r.4. La)/vail)041, 69-:

1:10-0* d,c S> T *;.'>ô)#gi-iefi[-Mo' q,ir" *WI A ,

1= 1=*t#4-69*t 0TS I-4-ko)1l L-f, T.A7?( ttfamftat.Eqf t.-F:"0"4-A0~Z~^~a)o

, s % 't,tr)} 1 'ib s â 1te.17'..A 7t Lk i av f I z # r 'l #4' °> fih . iUk0) /10

I~ ~- b ~I~~~Cr T= y ~ F r 1)'TJ.'MT-8 i r tt 1,<&3 t,'01I

~â o,®o^f1;; Co- -L o)ra_t 11/ I-1r1 1l1'tttig*1=A

S?a off )o^tp,, f,1a91-A401 CZ LLZb'). t.A.t.-nft0-14 1IFIC fiz 1-r.•.ZK L,~t

A t KT Ali* L7'11. $LkenT.41 -T-tk = ItF^h1= )-L 1 )/Iif c9)

431,1f-13”(I11)a ID 504,5 =,ti1t43.1=R -0,il.,k(7)?/. k st ~~'L,Y 111 3/1k"t

(APPerd:xUrnA-6 h"410T'a57?v`h. .1,it Ara a) f11

I-a'. us~r l~ rX~I~,- % - ~l~VS:?etttgo(u-k4s6,Wt, V=o)1=~lu

Z_0)L- ~5 -vt^ )Kr t7 3ti 1:7)4 m11ZTy7°fi (t="''°t) hlif„~4/r ~]ra%0_(koat~1 o1s((wgat)tKt)PatJ((ELL,1)'rst=a atz ~~t C

.-4-) UV). ;7- -i0Kt4HV zfif .^=t7e4ttti fOt.:_.1.1<4.30 't-rz, 19.1.10

mfi giulAi'ginitI tLxho)1 ()I~laForifJl----Kt<1#1-,)'I)7t7_:IZ

20 -

~a•

a

•

•

($.t.

ci"N‘

•

d•

.;/

R 1 \.)•

.

Fig 17 The trajectories of some representative particles

during the first tidal cycle: (A) case I, (B) case II

and (C) case III The small black squares represent

the initial positions of the particles

rs 7 o l,fi' L-Ata)Va i yO) , i o}:`') 7). I , L C .vi th` y iZ 4ot5, o7 1 1y

*ma qt/.tty tZ•l5-t^-/K "4mA?,

r_-7 () z t bIl.A'a o '> 7z, = l DK nla 40 r-rst ink 1=7z k9 71.1i --9,7 • 974') )

0--Ti 4.‘4jzt <r~11u-4 tir•RA 16 MitIz `0-3

VI a) -9"41, 1 "&l.t7", 11/01343z,•/.L• ~~,z` ~ t~ ~fi g d-n~~~ Lztt o.r~

1 ~ ^>~ ~Fl~_- z~-77'')7},'GiiL){'l .` ..0)

5—s. *i< q471( K(ra

AT: 91--kefi".0 943--;ecF>,Zt^<At` a51-z-V;C.;

tarb."5 -5 YL. PSI< ~% ~IC~fi%r~o ~a=ttrs 0, ,Ke i:;,ttdfi'"e'/;1 J<

Z1;, fp, 7I< 91-; ' Cr.,-h" v(zl :4,a utdtThtlX" :-,K5A=41,K6 ti7 0 (11 '4k

9p,t7k a)32ea`tt -4i T %gic)# r iP•ttpr1 pilift9% Ata'irit3t ii,t7a-~

-17" f-c- ygdo r %)K~9~; ~1<~m ko)4 t , =*5irfi-307 .i I.," P1 30/11.1z-x>7rzliJtkZ(l30)

Z: ~I~IaS.;;t1ZX7a:i4 ..Ltd)=A( '°:I=x-,74-k.4-z

=z: 1,i . LZd kF e; ,kiri i=frt'j 3R.AE~ lzfi`b` 9For-t ry, >ia%

3o Fi~.lzo~cQll~Tt>ftZ~i~a~~r_. 11a1 IIQmPh')iz tx.9i‘A 4, 0 LZt,3.i Is AWmgLit

mr3t)tA PO_ rd1\9'.14'41' ia IPo1 Fi oz IX IR-#t a:Sklakttl==1.a

L1 ow) Pg ik 9}42ktia>;e.IS at.k =w76, 1" •91.5/A

..,Z, 0 % 71<-9F4gAktiMriftttllS nm-tg i.<hA zgeOz 1.I«7z () ~~~i~

(-7-7R a- rd '77-T'S n • 1 1O t=1m *7 9, }tr-5 2111140)11 b` am: 14o^ /1 Lt fz13 4.1)": t-

9-1, 'aqt ,r-irdfpN.L4''a01-13‘. RI ttt-4 k

- 21 -

1 . 2>a] ®O) 9E=/ /\4940 a fA tt113r0),# 132kA (91-% > '))Z•a,~. Fig. 18 R_, tI6

4 11,2 VIA 0) i0) a L&)I- MA /49V L71)39^-5t* 1 114g (t=o) 43st _4a1,7 )T-)IcA`z°*.

2 flitfi FIG')I-XC'6111z Ro)fe1E 1z x1-34,k ~ ; PO 1=1J1R~i,A~9'a.f .1?-i'S)1

715X-5r_ R1 t k, 1=Iltt ') ". 0 2t1 ido1IVL'd'Ilz4- ^41i)) ^)- Pt13' ;-j,)(7)-55 Rz 7,T

f. 1=2 131z1 4 3-11 • RZ m'bl ap 1-... 7 -4-9I-=10~- t t t1~1„-3W.1 .9 k) 2111 1169 1•*2

')1~1~ txl n c~o Ce ,r,. 0I` z•ii'VT.= ~ l~ (m ~~ lf~ %I Q l_~~z. ; ~~ 1 ~91-

% 13 21T1 O) h'J1=rs.iti =-<41;")d~=5o :-Zha afhtimi-5Arzihrz n- a

1)aitiftta) L (F;5.16)1 Zki Iz jr: 'S. A 4, 15K,A r_ ~~Z ~~r 33 Ft1,t*InL

• i f'. f ~ cc 219 14A9&i-) L‘; 0 T7)0) 7 Ti 77. _)It =4Ak-1r4$ Tht 12a M(12;//

7 tZLH `1-P7` b11)(")Ar.0")a, 7 7,1 730. L'L9.M `1I-456b L1- ^ 7t 1`

a >n1 1-4,E350)z'. 21111J1 o1Th-mr^a 01011a11,A0 Z< L")k). 2 AIM00)14 L'M1 r 114

,7LT‘1391-% -tII t Im) Ic_4 [.-44VIAliti4-)gtIa,t1'/•tLATT,74i7-a. ,m2 ©o7F k

91-47Ic(n b:,f1 `j°17 3<a1 Q1-1,wz t 1 I•'z•17)-1r' 31410g1- 111%i37k 9147k i) rOmil -Jr 2 1

AEI NoX')10Po Lt '7 Z•' *o,;4Q IX

0),7lZLzitt'T t7kti4% 7kl:m4e61#e~Z"E.TL1 h"'FI.19Z•?a. II3gIt q'

)b')1;t- R1= z4a itti4 (AYE)o=-7*57I- to (NO2) 9)&03 tit74.) 4t1 rf3~~; i

4-attiqK(--AwA,)0)/77 -ExLZ11'a. ;rn Cr., 1R I , 5 (I)a)tURolr; iJ% 1=Ia=*N%tlZ

= 2Kc1, ,zti-V; 91-A .k >:'9) At P -17"; (m c>L)atIahifibi1• r-1f :*7*k

a)A,Ra1 V ir. L7 Fq.191- (I)o)I t aOtt' ~L a1~i~

r~>-~~440421,•ols 5 to?,), (5)1P(IM Ct. ct_zai*.t (VAMP

11 *14:0 ^ZL 11=itoftti"'r tilav"Yu1u=LZ QI}r(1t)4)t. 1=11 :4 iz

~~7 1` ~ la 1 ~~~"r~<, Lift (i)0)A/7tz'z. AA'=2).,---))117-0.g---51:-_,A/R01 413Atti1'"(I)01,41= CCI•t1'7:;)

vP2a'0'lj'Z'4(IV0 =*kr? .--1,41:10/I11274 11274%Edck1= 3W kti91-= 2ktd)4fl(:L'

T 011=(h . T 1 r-->r7r-,Z Ail2Ktr F 1,71 t-tJ ?D' ~.

4 r.. )1.K,Lq1`,'47k z•m r,1 F t ; 1- 3 41* tYrin

- 22 -

I.

(A

.11.4f :VAN 1v4

R1

rg 5S°`gg9 m °

(A)

Pg1o42E8°.

aE 0. ask tE, s o° ° B1°a

°R 2

Fig. 18. (A) The final positions

(t=T) of the inner water

particles drawn out to the

outer basin at the end of the

first tidal cycle, and (B) the

initial positions (t=0) of the

outer water particles intruding

into the inner basin at the

end of the first tidal cycle.

L

•

A

,4=

~T o.8

(ty''

L •

•

B

i •

4

CL

)

/1

i

s

H

Fig. 19. The distributions

of the calculated NR after

3 tidal cycles: (A) case I,

(B) case II and (C) case III.

Shading denotes the areas

where the values of NR are

from 0.4 to o.6.

6.-AI( I.I4"01,41Gq

sfp z-Zirifftt,4,Q u Liz tia g_fm rat~~ -)"~~z. =ia Esfi,Lz 7KLi`^

~ $ I:: A.14- l.*tt)Tr-2(17X;.:,o 'c0), Ic• o)Zttr, (1), RE) A-U"(3104 o1=~+•^~~k

tt `l (1o) '1a I i Iti€1I--&^1-~t *ZTi'e)z". 2„h,t''3fflt1113( 14j: 1i ilt

-41) I:1' E;ND3 1=1 . c~o~ ~ V^tX IT m MOO z•'a,fitl Iz rR13 4:+0.1 4 ka---x

VRn Ix m ['IAA#Lztl 9pticoe 4 (,74JY30 27, mg1

tnek-tR mi 'aa(r)o1-61.4h0)l b1i. NA* t

91-A 7k. 6')s ,y-scl z,. 541-)* • rs 1 At3-t7 (1)1+(I)°L

V) $.54t Ia g1 Pfr# = .ig• ti'~ tai P)-6% *2( c la§_a, = F („ (T) t

tiz r~,~~1~'a=~^a~aT7 ~,~o '~= z~ (T)69 -.feh. z T ?, z 37-7 Ki%

VRES a

r,l± a)3e.1r_ 1-'715411E V;..ax, VRs A 4U' row ) L ble 2 is = 0).&17' 77-g -r*'d

?II, 1,1=1S I4 ai c i V 0' VR 17'' 3-r_?* to Lz k <_ ~z~~~eo fi8.121f'S

45: 2fitAl ffm1 C' IX I( dRl=l)T% AlilT-= 4,4(-( t"' 01cr) a L

L-z eft >'.fd-to Iti;2kir «o]] a 1161 1:•4/)l_ 4A 1=T4 I-7n3 r, Fia. I81=-r.I 115

r__a0l_;Ai:3*-z pq; 7l<(VRFS)+b'" '[PA AZ <•an-^31J<, 'i01-1,1f(cA / )

~,., ~z<3 ' t7~~o '1 .77, 2R4fIlE1j=rll*I=4“39)-**kc V,X1IM' Vr.xt (^ d)'URfs

747-C, _4't11 V;,.axP)-tlk10 V^,4,x-h1".- t< >`i13:::) 1t1titi1=kr^'P)i<ak.irc;(~1.<

045i/\;,t), L7t1~= 44307, VititT ZsXri7a.7a; 1 VAti'1 I=(14% I:.fit3". 4 kait

I <-49a -g17i, 4E5 > VRIts z,.2,3,0 J.') .t0) .1 3 ,ffltH fEl l="T lit P446 ' \e. 1= v~, :~,

V, )-4.m.tt•stA04 o L1i'Lil-tj",;'A-Rn a)-tan'SZT?t3W-ltAtfilti1\7Dila,Vsrr—)Ii

57V1`~~"di^q~~rR~~ ~La~'JL T`1~'F~e:~d /Ji'• ~'~/'~•,7~`L` z , ~fl ~t4 74 Itofl),

Tolle `z l- )7a iLIKO 3 ([)1ti I)o) ti i1, *m1 ) (T)4111 o 1z;' I T V^ , qrs v'

- 23 -

CASE I CASE II CASE III

VMAX

1ST TIDAL CYCLE VRES

R

(X 107M3)

(X 107M3)

(70)

214

186

86.9

210

185

88.1

211

180

85.3

VMAX

2ND TIDAL CYCLE VRES

R

(X 107M3)

(X 107M3)

(7)

288

198

68.8

292

200

68.4

295

201

68.1

VMAX

3RD TIDAL CYCLE VRES

R

(X 107m3)

(X 107M3)

(70)

316

235

74.4

328

248

75.6

325

247

76.0

Table 2 The calculated

during 3 tidal

values

cycles.

of VMAX'

VRES and cl R

fi40*R"0T-k r (-zaPat,t.T(m)o) e)3a 'rt ‘1-1)aZ )m.4h1-. o^1dct')L'8t^L7t)3

a)60.VIor)V x. VitZ V'K"i=ia ti4 k 45}h4^,. kiL3-Cr L71)3`4n~o

I=i\ *741.3=6D4 €I*. 1.1>1.1YM t)79A1IZtc-2%•<1,6,) t,7z.1,^k ?o --71JiL-,ho^?ata Iz 1 ~IVf iz

A4 L 1 -%* * 3- t^'" XUh tr" ,1-7-,Al 1:1 ffl gti 1= icA 9)- ;' 'I , Z tl :) 0 `' - j ; L4&

i 1Li-c04;10'I n ~-z~^T %' ~ f~'~~ tr' ,'ar I~ rib% f~'~I-> ')3 ~hz~ ~ ~~•.

IP-1" IL-4,1_61T7)1-ant 71 ti1);_ rt 3 V . VR~

to) a'

1'I.194.51z 011,4414'0"' ,.rg, ((Z I r~Y {r(rtd(^Y~^~~ ~~~' I b":~1

sJ cfr_ ft -of ----77 j-5. gt.)3 z ,%^Zi71M 1415V1-2c7) 7„

P-t1=111 -0194-^,a4` 14F-1.201 (s)oii M'

()1F (m)0'a1,1n1nTr3 Itlt8(m=1,2,3)*^: IAA (1,3t)IvA)A4104

91-(1),aillifq,g)0)Ti _O)ft I (f't"• t=b, iiffi p) :4 Lt 1I (M~I~t a)~ Ep)

;TA F.,/ .2o .L7. $L4'(r4 Iay'A/ ni3-0,10kti. -46f

Ili tasion0)4ti 1= rg-2^C9ktp')fitifi';z(13 (g1)69 3 aiti 1zjomft

5I±_)-0) r , f'1~$l.4(-9)1=,P341*vi# 1r9ri1.,301ftZ`•Ilgonfi T. tit Q *I *L*to)l14

J -tZt -~1=•'1p1p(1)1-. (r)g) f6) *,F') =-r51= I7'?Z 3 Km# lr;z^^3. ...gLkij••

1=11 L*T,^14i'v1=E-riv- ;WA-ethict== h'.,~r.I .L-ac11 L. i1E ‘itoklikLT :4ic1s ')

Lo- S *r- L4O) lZ3 = 7k€9 1=cV.)z4b'z fv-s<• 5-26

1- L1 g771L'Z(I7ao

41-11'14 mta)1=1a tv ttlZ I 'c ti a o`(~T~ h7"`~, c

tO* °tnR(z 74-72•r 97),tt o-t_ I-x7Z, 1-c

Z itr -5 LTAA ') 'Ifiz c :t tr 1a 47-a_11 < r-*11I

a)4 (4lcAh L. :-7"013t fii(r ,1,q(:'/.Z"I7<=tI_rVao =latfg1arJIZi-2

bhkt.3xi-2 y")7}-- Lky a:G 4-41=jv11~Wsfh t=_-77a-0

Ttl L11^o

- 24

AFTER'

A 1 TIDAL [IDLE

RFTEE TIDRL CYCLES

~_

Zs45

t • . • 1

::-°% -• •••.:

• '7"' s

• ; Ae .°

• .4:f'°° I .0%. •

AD TED 3 TIDAL

,.. 0 4. Aeg ,... v.:U:7 •.A. 1.1( : .. 17:;:k4.411"".--------

4,,..r . su .. • .: .

A, °. le:*i•W .... ^. •••

'4•It.. "Vr4V •Iird,r."..

CYCLES

tesSF::

° 11 k:

. sgt a. O.

• .^4•ce...., 17•

i*.

*IN •ej,

Z ee. •••4 •

I. ,e. •

R51

5km

pi•

lv

•

-A* t:

;IN

•••••

• • " ••^^•••

./;(24

.4 .1 ••••••• Ie • •

•Jsi

.4 • ts.

%

"gr .•*°. • 4g°,4.i..

„sr!' /1••••"• B

ei

118.

c.

OC

ing°

Fig. 20. The initial positions

(t=0, denoted by squares) of

and the final positions (t=n T,

denoted by circles) of the

inner water particles drawn out

to the outer basin after n-tidal

cycles in case I (the left side),

and those of the outer water

particles intruding into the

inner basin after n-tidal cycles

in case I (the right side).

B AFTER 1 TIDRL CYCLE

RETER 2 TIDAI CYCLES

m~m "°

•

°8

g^B°.

RFTER 3 T I DRL

g•+ °•

•~

CYCLES

•

•

.i•

b•

b

: F!

'

Eler-

°

°

e°ABBAA°

A

m° °

-x r,

• .'.

•

CASE

5 km

Oj

•

.,',•;-

. •~}+~ .~:•

III

®A°° 4...8 t;' raA° °

toA°°

® °°B 88° .°°

° m o

Fig. 20B. The initial (t=0)

and the final (t=n T)

positions of the inner water

particles drawn out to the

outer basin after n-tidal

cycles in case III (the left

side), and those of the

outer water particles

intruding into the inner

basin after n-tidal cycles

in case III (the right side).

Tcylor (1953), $0Wde.,(1965), Okubo M&'i) 1= p77 : tS z t = —$PK(f) ,rd. ~t

l-F)z' fi,..PAOl-423, -2g) 4

~Vlil, 1/Tt-S)C . ') 'Ktr' L2"T,K7a •tu7 l-0)Z"X"do "t'zfarx

~~=~T~IaM*T L;L9I-i-1Q1,1<ia~

rtii;14l.z. LmT 1 ti ..tfi`«J'i-v'.. 4iis" E./\734 4iTa:L. YL6i I

Wv1IY..~~C~LT Vi-,(6 1,-5 Z„ , "Z•iX, Scba' aCA(14-z,g)

tz, F4.I7r7T-riva tfi4 Z i11,15- ,(Tr-rstiTA) I' Lzar -9I1_ 1 tkr iztv-hw,

44Y0-tiiaO 4 L 4 ,ka),1,a "-trti Zc -Y z. (I)

d1D/, an7417a -',1:1-g ,futr• <Z#i;14at ;itAz 7k-tl,..i '-0 ,i-~eica)4nfrSce"tu•Z

l)~=~Z'J'+'20 2krrY/1 3W'Z• 12' if via-atty 1i7Ll=a'ry-114 irtg

,?irili o_ r psitTt,6,) fi,.. , Lv5/e' Zu io^z-19?z, ^4,-) 34t 4

z'a);P-4w , =i-lz 0,%stot$Rz'ia74<, t5) 7/-I 3,Atza73o _a)Y'~,

•01=7_ r11. ,146., r 1;t,t< 417 ,rat7t,fi=L7

m 1/4 1,,11 4 V4Z-I •tt ` 1>I'titt3o Yc-Z C=)tC-m),)I FIz"R

u(. n1l41-:_4 v~-q .-a1= t 16Na) j i.LO))1/')o)1nOiSLo4L6'-°Jr61JlC< , (A-6)4

(Arren")b% rAZ'(t `0) KIa ~7Ica,nrff raoK t TG-z t F1.21

I~~T ~z^tr Taio ~nJ' V1I TJ0)-ttlorfIEN,7g'°)-Pa-) .t>I1z )30 (im-mr)

mig„ ,41,13fflikz1,kjax1060,12/ iz_ 43 -7dO f t"44_L.Tr-_ <) z•'1o6c~2/s

I~LZlo5cr+2/~ (III)697I, l,t(1) oC=)mI1=CCA"1017-3a•. 5xios

Cp.Z/SiL 7 /i)a~L'f i_~1IJT.'(k)1E 43o )''17)- ..‘1) OiTail»-t•V.

rr, 1

1

ilr

1 % \t 5 0;1~.

I\

{

1,

L I \ \ ..\,,,,,

\r )

•

1

Tr~

CASE I

; q.

\\%

•

)Y 1r 1

.y1 Y',1

1:~~1 1J \, 1 1

jiJy1 ;, i a

'i

J i

e'' ./_

~~ L

) 5 ro

105<

Fig. 21.

M

xi Q

CASE 111

H

>10

6

5

The distributions of the calculated dispersion coefficients

in cases I and III after one tidal cycle . Shading denotes

the areas where the dispersion coefficients are over 106 cm

Dotted lines represent co-lines of 8 x 106 cm2 s-1 .

2s

-1

LIE fit 69 -b` y, 1-2oi -5-1-43t14taiiiLz fit rity -

t5ghlAtit 74110k1:1344( 9-5t14117P 44 rived)

l'ottfax t. t771 3. -4'3 ='-k-r r1"-041 A< I- 1=4. )1't

~~ ' ~~o 7 -~~•}Z)7k- L> te-tr° 0 A-1170 & t1'3417'

itA al-Op -12, -1,-) VfV/73iTIMEILviz

vIta4) (ELo)rWZ-la 41,11# dl.i.ep) (1)0,6--E112x106c~s 1't12a. tg„'

L41.tr-T t ieV-A 1 14. 2 l- xt4*z 5. 71_n.1=‘9»I-aW1Zri rn al. o Frro9

q- 62 7-, ifjo iLdkb"l,, =1• 1 z 7-7 Fir 71(4, 7'0 A)fr-57 1t la ^ z > p7,:FD-5o

i<- 7F(i9rto)=1g701 om1 n4'1- -IT9 1670'47s titi riAi .'4g .(1)-tF

5KZ‘i i t.T 1='')71-Iz~Mr % ti ti0)14'aEt0-7'z••)77~;3113.

J~%fi— JZ'd I= 7Z. Trj~d , ..k.r1 ' fi"" `=7. ..a)YJ La' 'LJp,(LLz I(MP.

r_o) „ :'-gr o4f Az-T"^'J" I 4h.33m-b' ?- oilIyFM £, ~it f#rJ

- 26 -

8. ?:)

(7 - • 5)-77. , :; sift-1 L7 . /1+tE3 L LZ m

(i) a- . illza)4t-i(k -I. 43,41:001ja)*%i,o)fk'ht Ufti ® .oA r calt1=c,Z

'fl, )71-fi"VA.L, ()).- ^z )--))'" 1 fgiltif l,TaYftlz 2 ak) J' 7 (^7. 'r --5A1z

r =ea v) 1- 1:1=-t ;VIA< 5F(./i. lcJ-3it-13- `=7-Z"'o)7'I1/.;U.

di) ;zr,,it ,fi'./€0M=3;Vfi"Itorvlaiy4-D7"Z`119. ?Iz,l.9 1z,

IJE 4.`j8'7%7 3o t.(1I11"(oti3o-/a) too

vXl:. 7;t lit Lk *71(.i1" JO) a) F7 L` ~ o '. Y( lZ ~t %{ ~~«1 a 1=~~7 1~'~`aL~t

(Iii)~~^ZI~.; 1 t-o) , rd rg'Ittztl,4h-Y.o)tr T1=1.,z,-5'.i -.z-2 1,.

)7J. ~,n g;rhtt=4,Z. RI1')K kfrYa -K1< 41+1:3. 7_1(1)t3 1_

r_r i fJ/1Wot ^=,Y3 ZI=411141kI=1?z;3zZ7I FZ ~9 ,3(

rdkia1 Iz)ht-,z~<=~F~i~.

*W69 I ,-tld . t,- 4-ig, `/ / 1-J) 7l // I1-V2A-7,7 1697"17),

z -~7 ~' I) 71, yo) tlit t- T ,01 CC t i" 1W)k-t% _

1/:"<.17- P1.. i ,l.z/3)4)kok L-A";69 I;.-2t1z. i2 t L.,69 ra

I: lrz VrEll 'O+N1Ia1,<1z•• =' 4 D0filazi' '*1117 T)1)1_< Agi-cz 7a

- 27

o A 01 7kr I a u ),Z . rxi i, % avkl l_

.i-,-)kolt2-6.tas(1 -ta) z50 1=a.;*rzI o,1tfl(r_ 7zitt7a :A.--10 =3c,

(=VaA%k163.L -1~tf Z"4R) -)T R40zp3A41-V. i A<e* k. * t1CZ ' : LZU<X'Vti'"

~„' tll do R0{% '// ,0 I`~Z4 of d lima) j 77 o 5 to-yTta

ate) lika) L< o-tI31=11 tX -L

gig 4 %1-1=5 VA* tz. a/ t. L<. z"#')'1 7; )1(7;12\5-t, (Q/\h,.-1,7t„Vt,T

. AMEATT . L. Kz.. 3 )0 cm' (.rfi'.,5.- 1,

Z 9. L-- ,..--.71tA ATI ~'i_ E>aA1I'2 ; 2Kotb EtE

tl Lir t.-Ca 3l:t"-,ZIZU2ao teclof,77,0O tl_zo,;zkqz.,

4Ti2 O(7) 'El it;4, &L?6.1=13t.Dy,rXc t.I 'l.-Z11=1r„

tt- -- 1z:**ter1..t -11,4,to ' Jt*lz I~Z T7a ~Z~1T7~' l_T—_ `'

E+fi3R ro J .± IZgAMIEal.o I tk.< Lzt) z1 --L-r -vvitr~i--:,viC'fl

- 28 -

APPendix 1

'a r W t M-,etizk((t,-1)( .22a ..4t)Pa i= X(t-1)1- it

^X 0)-lat-LA 4-vft,ayra "cm ai v tl=-h^iZ'- ±4'LZ1111-1=)-:1 Ui.j, Uk)'i

^1 tRfrifi1-t f1f1 (Tatrgrx1 I-43Pir ') x((t.,)iz 1731 C7-, arikt v;41).

ax ~ ~` 11 c1=t Zif^glaq:13-±R—RilZ t417i1~ V~),Vr,+.j,1/t jr cr"V )ri 1 ~ZTMS4.0a '.( ,), i t

t (04 t.,=t».- tot) o i 4.0) ftlA (t) 'p) vT*~ ~~;g .2zo,fi ,)o

LZ. r=~~OUSt, a!dr (.t ) z2mXf -= U~++.),11~t+,}N, 1A - .~, uit2,}H,Vi~ti ~rl~j+i vi.j1 A(l~„th-r+,3ri

>za 4i. i tI_vr,4tfig1=1 0-PS41070)01oz A:, 5l ,yd-)(r

fq--4A 6tdR')t,'61%tu9 Iligitr (Pfig- RIU. (6) ‘c,atgl6)0 IT, a n.. ~r~1

Kw, 0414a)r' Ati14i LF_TR I. *-tfotpal .0)yEl7e:4.4s-tio .Cti$ 4c rat, pfl,,,atF9

thrmatrimlo litiz .Vo 4L1'). t~r.

VI,J+1I

UI+1,J+1uI+2,J+1 X(tm)

U IVI+1,J+1

Fig. 22. Schematic diagram of the calculation of

the particle motion.

- 29

Arpend x II

-1;17w RI, oz. ~i 3 fi,.. ~ ~ ~l~ u~'Ct1.)=(~.U'~ ti< ~~o u'tiv a,

% a~<lat„, ~,z,; ~~~ u'1=-)(17i4 .

41:-k -tr” IL-)7441EAX,43315 (')t.,r^-trt2)p~o,tv:~ LA/ Lt i-) ii ' -' 54k4

(974),

lath„t1) _ yu'LtM)t(A-1)

z••, y^ tv, 11t,..011*- .0.T 144i 6q~-lot6347i.L-r_tt, z••40,u'tiIi wErj,736.

A.at o Ttiit R Not) IT R614). r"- l'S,m f131 7-'tTL (=c maD,r.. *IA Mh 4t 9 -tA-Kt 'i1 i r-s" (at<cT.). zfi.' LA-F9)

5' exf (Thoth, )(A-2)

t . ro4'lAt 6I (A)''iNC I oi='L^=j9, 1 1 Lf ~~71= z%,,h~.

d- du ^-7;(A-3)

du 13 -td j' e) T, l k i-z„7.vo 't77 * 17-vh-0 (h-1)14) - ^tL , b"

tz* ht..) 1 fifq 061 it 77 vcc —ft $~ C 4 ~z <m~~ )Z' h ; ~ r-

riAL-ca z*17' : ft 20)1:k-b"A z5417‘11 (*01Iz1T•Irg, NW* . gy al i=)"7. Lfi't3:k

,,k-s7-614^4^,,ht „7-11* rti*lki.rr., 3r=20, *via tiovg ^: (fk-L - Lit

Ia ;aP 61=t=,P)Vt±r3)•1.

`L~?2a ~ ( ~I L=,~ t C(` '( ~zLy.~o~~~~=Trcir 7_ 7Z L a7`nq ~'L

4~Eleg1V7-I1/TL-criKITS ffiV (t>>T)^=ai^uza = ~°

Y2 = z 6u cS rz(1,t),1 dt

z6' TL•t(A-4)

- 30 -

(A-4) ct 9, $1.l 1 K (J t1 L) .>X1') •3 I: t49

K=z =‘uTL(A5)

6tek 72a(A-s) T,z:,f~~I 4-iLXL

= 2 KtCA -6)

'1 t C. /n Yim-Kttinbv,+hl4" *1= 4-3 itlit Kg (A-6) '-E7' 5 r ~o

- 31 -

References:

Bowden, K. F. (1965): Horizontal mixing in the sea due to a shearing current.

J. Fluid Mech., 21, 83-95.

Dyer, K. R. (1973): Estuaries: A physical introduction. John Wily & Sons Ltd.,

London, 140pp.

Flather, R. A. and N. S. Heaps (1975): Tidal computations for Morecambe Bay

Geophys. J. Roy Astr Soc., 42, 489-517

VItErffi, ®ligt (19%): .olVA4(frItetlitVYt ltitziK

230#_4-;1>4ic1A;t, 51g— 523.

Hall, C. D. (1975): The simulation of particle motion in the atmosphere by

a numerical random-walk model Quart. J. Roy Met. Soc., 101, 235-244

Hansen, W (1956): Theorie zur Errechnung des Wasserstandes and der Stromungen

in Randmeeren nebst Anwendungen. Tellus, 8, 287-300.

f (19'io) 0?rA 31z1'1-)3a* M k3 .t}i)' oASC. ' I'1 ^=' I'z~,i s'i , 38s-3930

451[41/1, 14 , (1970: mit 4?Ic ba)t!tt-(jr). igf-krnPI

41419-g3, 411-42I.

Imasato, N., T Awaji and H. Kunishi (1980): Tidal exchange through Naruto,

Akashi and Kitan Straits. J. OceanogrSoc Japan, 36, 151-162.

)114410, .4,1 , t'l,1744t, Pill)) «975): ifA214.-0) A3X. "t It'fI~F f/i9

43-58.

Leendertse, J. J. (1971): A water-quality simulation model for well-mixed

estuaries and coastal seas. Rand corporation (Vol 2), 156pp.

Longuet-Higgins, M. S. (1969): On the transport of mass by time-varying ocean

currents. Deep-Sea Res., 1, 431-447

~'~ > . * $ ['1 (19%): :#72kOkr-Ti rt-3 %(ko)A. t#t1:-_-7kiz.

7-14.

32 -

Okubo, A. (1967): The effect of shear in an oscillatory current on horizontal

diffusion from an instantaneous sourse. Int. J Oceanol Limnol , 1,

194-204

Parker, D. S., D. P- Norris and A. W. Nelson (1972): Tidal exhange at Golden

Gate. ASCE J. Sanitary Eng. Div , 98, 305-323.

Sommerferd, A. (1962) :±14,t3-1),iici-P (a ' m 1ag&v). t, +c).3-11.

Stokes, G. G. (1847): On the theory of oscillatory waves. Trans. Cambridge Phil

Soc., 8, 441-455.

Sullivan, P_ J (1971): Longitudinal dispersion within a two-dimensional

turbulent shear flow. J. Fluid Mech., 49, 551-576.

Taylor, G. I (1953): Dispersion of solute matter in solvent flowing slowly

through a tube. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., 219 A, 446-468.

Tee, K. T (1976): Tide-induced residual current, a 2-D nonlinear numerical tidal

model. J. Mar Res., 34, 603-628.

4034K(1969): Miff.

Wada, A. and M. Kadoyu (1975): The flow condition and the diffusion characteristics

in the Seto Inland Sea Coastal Eng. Japan, 18, 143-154.

,1-401'I (1976): V2°0 = tx--4

aNzt, 19 I — 196.

- 33 -

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