TITANIUM and Cu-Ni Properties & Characteristics Titanium’s Comparative Advantages

Regis BaldauffMarket Director, T.I. Industrial9855 – 1 Mining DriveJacksonville, FL 32257

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

PROPERTYTitanium Grade 2 90-10 Cu-Ni 70-30 Cu-Ni

KSI MPa KSI MPa KSI MPa

Tensile Strength (min) 50 345 40 275 52 360

Yield Strength (min) 40 275 15 105 18 125

Yield Strength (max) 65 450 --- ---

Elongation 20% 30% 15%

Performance metal solutions. 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIESPROPERTY Titanium Grade 2 90-10 Cu-Ni 70-30 Cu-Ni

Elastic Modulus ( 106 psi ) 16 18 22

Thermal Expansion Coeff. 4.8 9.5 9( Micro in/in 0F)

Thermal Conductivity 150 348 204( BTU/hr-ft2

0F/in)

Density ( lbs/in3 ) 0.163 0.323 0.323

Hardness (HRB) 85 65 70

Thermal Expansion Coefficient for HY 80 Steel = approx. 6.0 Micro in/in 0F(less stress with titanium to steel connections)

CORROSION RESISTANCE

Cu-Ni Titanium

• General R / S R / I• Crevice S R / I < 200 0F• Pitting S I• SCC S I• Fatigue S R• Galvanic S I• MIC (Microbes) S I• Erosion S R• Weld (HAZ) S R / I

S = Susceptible R = Resistant I = Immune

Performance metal solutions. 

CONCERNS – Cu-Ni

ErosionReduced Water Flow - Limited to 6–12 ft/sec(Larger Size Pipe & Fittings for Cooling Water Volume)

ToxicityChlorination Used for Cleaning Cu-Ni Systems is Toxic, Forming Cupric Chloride - Poisoning Port Waters (Limits the Ship’s Days in U.S. Ports & EPA Restrictions)

WeightDoubles (& More) for Pipe & Fittings’ Systems

FireLower Melting Point –2065 0F – 2200 0F

Life-Cycle Cost Cu-Ni Requires System Replacements (Tear Down & Replacement Labor & Material Costs)

Service FailuresDe-Salination Units in Mid & Far-East (High Maintenance or Fail / Corrode After Few Years)

Performance metal solutions. 

SOLUTIONS - Titanium

Highly Resistant to Erosion Water Velocity~20-100 ft/secAllows Reduced Pipe Sizes & Reduces Weight

Non-Toxic I– Chlorination Has No Effect on Titanium. No Metal Carryover.Immune to Chlorides. High Velocity Water Flow – Option (w/o any Erosion)

Reduced Weight 57% to 72% Using Reduced Pipe Size. Both OD & Wall Factor In Weights. 50% From Density Alone (0.163 lbs/in3 vs. 0.323 lbs/in3)

High Melting Point1660 0C (3020 0F)

Marine/NavyLasts the Life of The Ship & More. Remove, Clean and Re-Use in Another Pipe System

Titanium Tubes Replace Cu-Ni in De-Salination Units

Performance metal solutions. 

CORROSION RESISTANCE - TITANIUM Immune to: Seawater/Brackish & Polluted Waters

Immune to: MIC

(Microbiologically Induced/Influenced Corrosion)

Fully Resistant: Crevice Corrosion< 80 0C (175 0F)

SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking)PittingCavitation

50 Years of Trouble-Free Seawater Service in Chemical, Oil Refining & De-Salination Systems

Titanium Replaced Cu-Ni in Off-Shore Firemain & Service Water Piping Systems

Performance metal solutions. 

EROSION RESISTANCE - TITANIUM

Tenacious Stable (ceramic-like) Oxide Film Instantaneous Re-Healing Superior Resistance to:AbrasionImpingement AttackErosionErosion – CorrosionTurbulenceCavitationHigh Fluid Velocities: Seawater: 90 - 120 ft/sec Sand-Laden Seawater: 15 - 20+ ft/sec[ Cu-Ni – Seawater Velocity approx. 6 to 12 ft/sec ]

Performance metal solutions. 

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

5" Sch 10 6" Sch 10 8" Sch 10 10" Sch 10 12" Sch 10 14" Sch 10

Lbs / Ft

Pipe Size

Ti Sch 10

Cu‐Ni Class 200

Ti Sch 10 - vs. - Cu-Ni Class 200 Weight of Pipe

Performance metal solutions. 

TITANIUM REDUCED PIPE SIZES - PIPE WEIGHTS Ti Sch 10, Cu-Ni Class 200 PT

152 249 323534

7711073

391 583

10581528

2405

3805

05001000150020002500300035004000

2"Ti  3"Cu‐Ni

3"Ti  4"Cu‐Ni

4"Ti  6"Cu‐Ni

6"Ti  8"Cu‐Ni

8"Ti  10"Cu‐Ni

10"Ti12"Cu‐Ni

Ti Sch 10Cu‐Ni  Class 200

Lbs. Per 100 ft. of PipeLbs. Per 100 ft. of Pipe

Performance metal solutions. 

WEIGHT COMPARISON- TITANIUM VS. COPPER - NICKEL

Performance metal solutions. 

BASIS : TITANIUM [SCH 10] vs. CU-NI [CLASS 200]Ti Cu-Ni PIPE

Pipe OD WALL Pipe WALL WEIGHT WEIGHT WEIGHTTi Actual Nominal Cu-Ni Nominal Gr. 2 Ti Cu-Ni REDUCTION

in in in lbs/100 ft lbs/100 ft lbs/100 ft %

2" Sch 10 2.375 0.109 2" Class 200 0.083 152 229 77 343" Sch 10 3.500 0.120 3" Class 200 0.095 249 391 142 364" Sch 10 4.500 0.120 4" class 200 0.109 323 583 260 456" Sch 10 6.625 0.134 6" Class 200 0.134 534 1,058 524 508" Sch 10 8.625 0.148 8" Class 200 0.148 771 1,528 757 50

10" Sch 10 10.750 0.165 10" Class 200 0.187 1,073 2,405 1,332 5512" Sch 10 12.750 0.180 12" Class 200 0.250 1,390 3,805 2,415 63

TITANIUM WEIGHT SAVINGS

Titanium Pipe Cu-Ni Pipe Weight Saved

2” Sch 10 3” Class 200 61%

3” Sch 10 4” Class 200 57%

4” Sch 10 6” Class 200 69%

6” Sch 10 8” Class 200 65%

8” Sch 10 10” Class 200 68%

10” Sch 10 12” Class 200 72%Performance metal solutions. 

SHOCK RESISTANCE - Sy/√Eρ/386

Sy Yield Stress psi (actual) (used 50,000 psi)√ Square RootE Modulus of Elasticity 14.9 x 106 psiρ Density .163 lbs/in3

386 Constant 1/Sec2____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ti Grade 9 [3 – 2.5] 0.95Ti Grade 2 0.63

Inconel 625™ 0.55Monel 400 0.24316 Stainless Steel 0.2170-30 Cu-Ni 0.15

Performance metal solutions. 

SHOCK RESISTANCE [103 in/sec]

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

1

Ti Gr2 90/10 70/30 316 SS 400 625 Ti Gr9

Ti Gr. 290/10 Cu-Ni70/30 Cu-Ni316 SSMonel 400Inconel 625Ti Gr. 9

Performance metal solutions. 

TITANIUM VOLUME SAVINGS

Titanium Pipe Cu-Ni Pipe Volume Saved

2” Sch 10 3” Class 200 54% 3” Sch 10 4” Class 200 40%

4” Sch 10 6” Class 200 54%

6” Sch 10 8” Class 200 41%

8” Sch 10 10” Class 200 36%

10” Sch 10 12” Class 200 29%

Performance metal solutions. 

TITANIUM ADVANTAGES

Higher Mechanical Strength

Light Weight (Low Density) [Wgt. = 1/2 of Cu-Ni]

Thermal Expansion - Close to Steel [= Lower Stress at Connections]

High Shock Resistance - Over 4X Cu-Ni

Very High Erosion Resistance - High Hardnesswith a Ceramic-Like Stable Surface Oxide

Greater Water Flow Volume & Higher Velocities to 20X Cu-Ni

Compatible with Composites Performance metal solutions. 

TITANIUM ADVANTAGES Cont’d.

• Fire Resistant -Ti Melting Point@ 1660 0C (3020 0F)

90-10 Cu-Ni = 1130 0C (2065 0F)70-30 Cu-Ni = 1205 0C (2200 0F)• Corrosion Immunity – All Seawaters; MIC &

Stagnant Waters; Wet Chlorine & No Pitting• Volume Compartment/Space Savings by

Reducing Pipe OD Sizes = 29% to 54%• Life Cycle Cost Savings• Environmentally Friendly – No EPA Issues

Performance metal solutions. 

TITANIUM in SEAWATER SERVICEFiremain Systems Pipe, Flanges, Fittings, Pumps & Hydrants -On Board Ship & Off-Shore Oil RigsDe-Salination: Piping for Reverse Osmosis & Multi Stage Flash UnitsInput Service Water Piping: Plant Heat ExchangersCondenser & Heat Exchanger Tubing: SystemSeawater Cooling - Nuclear & Fossil Utility Plants & Ships for Steam, Distillation, Refrigeration, A/C, Heaters & Coolers (Shell & Tube and Plate & Frame)Valves: Butterfly, Globe, BallSprinkler Systems & Nozzles

Performance metal solutions. 

TITANIUM in SEAWATER SERVICE cont..

Refineries: Condensing Salt Water from Crude

Navy Shipboard* & Off-Shore Rigs:Emergency Stop Switch Boxes (Weather Deck)Light Boxes (Weather Deck)HVAC – Air Vent Ducting (Under Insulation)H.E. Coolers – Lube Oil / Engine Jacket / Quench Water / Natural Gas / Seawater & Fresh Water Tanks

*On CG 47 (Cruiser); DDG 51(Destroyer); LHA-2;LPD-17, 18, 19, 20, 21; CVN (Carriers) & Subs

Performance metal solutions. 

Conclusion

Titanium Advantages

Immune to Seawater

Maintenance Reduction

Increased Water Velocities

Weight Savings

Decreased Structural and Hanger Demand

Space Savings

Life Cycle Cost Savings

Compatible with Composites

High Scrap Value Upon Equipment/Plant Decommissioning

Performance metal solutions. 

titanium.comThank You

Regis BaldauffMarket Director, T.I. Industrial9855 – 1 Mining DriveJacksonville, FL 32257