Tissues Groups of cells performing similar functions Groups of cells performing similar functions...
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Transcript of Tissues Groups of cells performing similar functions Groups of cells performing similar functions...
TissuesTissues Groups of cells performing similar Groups of cells performing similar
functionsfunctions Grouped by cells and matrixGrouped by cells and matrix Structure determines function and Structure determines function and
function determines locationfunction determines location Four typesFour types Histology - study of tissuesHistology - study of tissues
FOUR TYPES OF FOUR TYPES OF TISSUESTISSUES
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Epithelial tissueEpithelial tissue
More cells than matrix Covers external body
surfaces - some internal organs
Line body cavities Some permeable
Epithelial tissueEpithelial tissue
some secrete and absorb
Makes up sense organs Make up glands Basement membrane
present Avascular
Grouped by cell shapeGrouped by cell shape
SquamousSquamous CuboidalCuboidal ColumnarColumnar
Grouped by layeringGrouped by layering
Simple is one Simple is one layerlayer
Stratified--more Stratified--more than one layerthan one layer
Pseudostratified ciliated Pseudostratified ciliated columnarcolumnar
False layeringFalse layering nuclei at various nuclei at various
depths within depths within the cellsthe cells
Contain goblet Contain goblet cellscells
Found in upper Found in upper respiratory tractrespiratory tract
TransitionalTransitional
Can be Can be stretched – stretched – changes from changes from cuboidal to cuboidal to squamoussquamous
Found in Found in urinary urinary bladderbladder
Intercellular Intercellular connectionsconnections
Contain CAM (cell Contain CAM (cell adhesion adhesion moleculesmolecules
Tight junctions: Tight junctions: protect (spot)protect (spot)
Belt Belt desmosomes: desmosomes: permeabilitypermeability
Gap junctions: Gap junctions: communicationcommunication
Endocrine glandsEndocrine glands
Secrete insideSecrete inside Inside bloodInside blood
Exocrine glandsExocrine glands
Secrete out to Secrete out to ducts (tubes)ducts (tubes)
Connective TissueConnective Tissue Grouped by cell Grouped by cell
type, matrix & type, matrix & fibers presentfibers present
most abundantmost abundant bind & supportbind & support Store & transportStore & transport DefenseDefense highly vascularhighly vascular
– (Except Cartilage = (Except Cartilage = Avascular)Avascular)
Connective TissueConnective Tissue Cell types: Cell types:
immune, bone, immune, bone, cartilage, fat & cartilage, fat & bloodblood
Fiber types: Fiber types: elastic, reticular, & elastic, reticular, & collagencollagen
Matrix types: Matrix types: liquid, more dense liquid, more dense than liquid, almost than liquid, almost solid, solidsolid, solid
Connective TissueConnective Tissue
WBC’s, WBC’s, fibroblastsfibroblasts
Loose ConnectiveLoose Connective
Large intercellular Large intercellular spacespace
Most abundantMost abundant Around & cushions Around & cushions
organsorgans Ex: Areolar, Ex: Areolar,
AdiposeAdipose
Dense ConnectiveDense Connective Fiber Fiber
arrangement arrangement determines determines type type
Ex: Fibers parallel Ex: Fibers parallel in fashion are – in fashion are –
Tendons, Tendons, ligamentsligaments
Osseous (bone) tissueOsseous (bone) tissue
Dense Dense connective connective
More matrix More matrix than cellsthan cells
Hardened fibersHardened fibers Cells and blood Cells and blood
vessels in vessels in special special arrangementarrangement
CartilageCartilage
Type of dense Type of dense connective connective tissuetissue
3 types – 3 types – Hyaline, Elastic, Hyaline, Elastic, FibrocartilageFibrocartilage
Only connective Only connective tissue that is tissue that is avascularavascular
Blood (Vascular) tissueBlood (Vascular) tissue
Liquid Liquid connective connective tissuetissue
Matrix is liquid Matrix is liquid (plasma)(plasma)
Cells known as Cells known as formed elementsformed elements
Erythrocytes, Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and leukocytes, and thrombocytesthrombocytes
Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue muscle cells called muscle cells called
muscle fibersmuscle fibers Three Types of Three Types of
Muscle Tissue:Muscle Tissue:– Skeletal - Skeletal -
Cardiac - SmoothCardiac - Smooth
Neural TissueNeural Tissue Neurons – nerve Neurons – nerve
cellscells Neuroglia – support Neuroglia – support
cellscells
MembranesMembranes Mucous MembranesMucous Membranes
– lines structures that open to outsidelines structures that open to outside Serous MembranesSerous Membranes
– surrounds organs and lines body cavities surrounds organs and lines body cavities with no opening to outsidewith no opening to outside
Synovial MembraneSynovial Membrane - lines cavities of freely movable joints- lines cavities of freely movable joints Cutaneous Membrane = SkinCutaneous Membrane = Skin
TheThe INTEGUMENTARY INTEGUMENTARY
System System
SkinSkin
Largest organLargest organ FYI: About six FYI: About six
pounds on pounds on average per average per personperson
3 layers3 layers
Functions of the SkinFunctions of the Skin ProtectionProtection Regulation of Regulation of
Body Body TemperatureTemperature
Reception of Reception of StimuliStimuli
ExcretionExcretion Synthesis of Synthesis of
Vitamin DVitamin D Immunological Immunological
FunctionFunction
EPIDERMISEPIDERMIS
DermisDermis True skinTrue skin Blood vesselsBlood vessels NervesNerves Hair folliclesHair follicles Sudoriferous Sudoriferous
glands (sweat)glands (sweat) Sebaceous Sebaceous
glands (oil)glands (oil) Ceruminous Ceruminous
glandsglands
HypodermisHypodermis Contains Contains
fat cellsfat cells Has deep Has deep
nerve nerve endings endings that detect that detect pressurepressure
Blood Blood vesselsvessels
Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat Glands)Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat Glands)
secrete sweat –secrete sweat – regulates body temperature - evaporationregulates body temperature - evaporation Eliminates some waste productsEliminates some waste products Two types of sweat glands:Two types of sweat glands:
– Apocrine GlandsApocrine Glands - Eccrine Glands- Eccrine Glands
Apocrine Sweat GlandsApocrine Sweat GlandsFYIFYI
skin of axilla, pubic region, skin of axilla, pubic region, pigmented areas of the bodypigmented areas of the body
Secrete thickened sweat that Secrete thickened sweat that promotes the growth of bacteriapromotes the growth of bacteria
Active during periods of Active during periods of emotional stressemotional stress
Eccrine Sweat GlandsEccrine Sweat GlandsFYIFYI
Distributed throughout the bodyDistributed throughout the body Secrete watery sweat to lower Secrete watery sweat to lower
temptemp Density can be as high as 3000 per Density can be as high as 3000 per
square inch in palms of the hands square inch in palms of the hands
Sebaceous GlandsSebaceous Glands
Oil glands next to hair folliclesOil glands next to hair follicles Secrete oily substance – sebum (FYI: mixture of Secrete oily substance – sebum (FYI: mixture of
fats, cholesterol, protein and inorganic saltsfats, cholesterol, protein and inorganic salts Keeps hair from drying out & becoming brittleKeeps hair from drying out & becoming brittle Keeps skin soft & pliableKeeps skin soft & pliable Inhibits growth of certain bacteriaInhibits growth of certain bacteria
Hair (Pili)Hair (Pili) Grows from Grows from
epidermisepidermis function is function is
protectionprotection– guards the scalp guards the scalp
from injury and from injury and sunlightsunlight
– eyebrows - eyebrows - eyelashes protect eyelashes protect the eyethe eye
– ears and nostrils ears and nostrils keep out foreign keep out foreign objectsobjects
Helps regulate Helps regulate body temperaturebody temperature
Touch receptors Touch receptors with hair follicleswith hair follicles
NailsNails
Plates of tightly packed, hard, keratinized Plates of tightly packed, hard, keratinized cells of the epidermiscells of the epidermis
covering over the dorsal ends of digitscovering over the dorsal ends of digits Provides protectionProvides protection Helps to grasp and manipulate small objectsHelps to grasp and manipulate small objects
Portions of NailsPortions of Nails
Nail Body - portion of nail visible FYI:Nail Body - portion of nail visible FYI:– Free Edge - extends beyond the digitsFree Edge - extends beyond the digits– Root - hidden in proximal nail grooveRoot - hidden in proximal nail groove– Lunula - whitish semilunar area at proximal end Lunula - whitish semilunar area at proximal end
of the nail bodyof the nail body EponychiumEponychium - Cuticle - Cuticle Nail Matrix - epithelium at proximal end FYI:Nail Matrix - epithelium at proximal end FYI:
– mitosis and nail growth from this areamitosis and nail growth from this area– grows at a rate of about 1 mm per week grows at a rate of about 1 mm per week
THE END!!THE END!!
Decubitous UlcersDecubitous Ulcers
bed sores - pressure soresbed sores - pressure sores lesion caused by prolonged lesion caused by prolonged
pressure resulting in blood pressure resulting in blood deficiency to a tissue overlying a deficiency to a tissue overlying a bony projectionbony projection
seen most frequently in individuals seen most frequently in individuals bedridden for prolonged periods of bedridden for prolonged periods of timetime
Nail StructureNail Structure
Hair ColorHair Color
Due to amount of melanin in the Due to amount of melanin in the cells of the hair shaftcells of the hair shaft
Can accumulate air bubbles in the Can accumulate air bubbles in the hair shaft which causes hair to turn hair shaft which causes hair to turn gray or whitegray or white
Hair StructuresHair Structures
Skin and Its StructuresSkin and Its Structures