TISSUES A COLLECTION OF CELLS THAT PERFORM A SPECIFIC FUNCTION.
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Transcript of TISSUES A COLLECTION OF CELLS THAT PERFORM A SPECIFIC FUNCTION.
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TISSUESA COLLECTION OF CELLS THAT PERFORM A SPECIFIC FUNCTION
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Meristems
Unlike animals, plants have permanent regions of cell division Meristems
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Meristems
Apical Meristems Cell division at tips of roots and stems
Produce primary tissue
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Meristems
Lateral Meristems Cell division that increases girth of roots and stems
Secondary growth
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Lateral Meristems
Vascular cambium Conduction
“Plumbing”
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Lateral Meristems
Vascular cambium Cambium
Thin cylinder of brick-shaped cells
Majority of growth contributes to increased girth
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Lateral Meristems
Cork cambium Layer of cells outside phloem
layer of vascular cambium
Inside the outer bark
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Lateral Meristems
Intercalary Meristems Grassy plants
Develop nodes along stems
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Lateral Meristems
Intercalary Meristems Do not contain cork cambium
Vascular bundles
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Tissues
Simple Tissues Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
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Simple Tissue
Parenchyma cells Thin, pliable cell walls
The most abundant of all cell types
Space between parenchyma cells Intercellular space
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Simple Tissue
Parenchyma cells that contain numerous chloroplasts Chlorenchyma tissue
Primarily photosynthesis
Parenchyma cells lacking chlorophyll Food and water storage
Soft, edible parts of fruit and vegetables
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Simple Tissue
Collenchyma cells thicker and longer Primarily just below the epidermis
Flexible support for growing tissue Strands of celery
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Simple Tissue
Sclerenchyma cells thickest and toughest cell walls Impregnated with lignin for support
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Simple Tissue
Sclerenchyma cells form two types of tissues Form very hard tissue
Sclereids
Gritty texture of pear
Hard shell of nuts
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Simple Tissue
Sclerenchyma cells form two types of tissues Longer tissue that contain a tiny cavity (lumen)
Fibers
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Complex Tissue
Composed of two or more types of cells Plumbing tissues
Xylem
Phloem
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DICOT
MONOCOT
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Complex Tissue
Xylem Conducts water and minerals from the
roots
Transports upward
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Complex Tissue
Xylem
Long tubes composed of two tissues Vessels
Large openings at each end allow for water flow
Tracheids
Conduction and support
Smaller cells
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Complex Tissue
Xylem
Long tubes composed of two tissues Tracheids
Conduction and support
Smaller cells
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Complex Tissue
Xylem
Openings along cell walls connect side by side cells Pits
Lateral flow in trees
Rays
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Complex Tissue
Phloem Conduct water and food in both
directions
Primarily down
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Complex Tissue
Phloem
Long tubes composed of two tissues Sieve tubes
Similar to xylem vessels
Perforated ends instead of large openings
Sieve plates
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Complex Tissue
Phloem
Long tubes composed of two tissues Companion cells
Similar to xylem tracheids
Support sieve cell functions
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Complex Tissue
Phloem
Living sieve tube cells contain callose
Injury will result in callose to plug sieve plate Callus plug
Plants seal, not heal
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Xylem and Phloem
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQ03xIkLLQU
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Complex Tissue
Epidermis Outermost layer of cells
Skin
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Complex Tissue
Epidermis
One cell thick (usually)
Multilayered examples Orchid aerial roots
Velamen roots
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Complex Tissue
Epidermis Secrete fatty (waxy) substance
Cutin
Protective layer on the outside
Cuticle
Restricts water loss
Resists disease and insects
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Complex Tissue
Epidermis Form tubular extensions
Root and foliar hairs
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Complex Tissue
Epidermis Openings along surface
Stomata
Gas exchange
Transpiration
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Complex Tissue
Epidermis Guard cells
Open and close
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Complex Tissue
In woody plants, epidermis sloughed off Periderm
Outer bark
Boxy cork cells
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Complex Tissue
Contain fatty substance to waterproof layer Suberin
Protects phloem tissue beneath it
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Complex Tissue
Pockets of tissue protruding through periderm Lenticels
Gas exchange
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Fig. 4.14
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Complex Tissue
Secretory cells Exude nectar, fragrance or oil
Expel waste from cells
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Xylem, Phloem, and Transpiration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGCnuXxbZGk