Chapter 4 Histology: Study of Tissues. TISSUE TYPES Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous.
Tissue Types Tissues- a group of cells performing a similar function Epithelial Connective Muscle...
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Transcript of Tissue Types Tissues- a group of cells performing a similar function Epithelial Connective Muscle...
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Tissue Types
Tissues- a group of cells performing a similar function
• Epithelial• Connective• Muscle• Nervous
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Epithelial- General Characteristics
Linings, coverings and glands Protection, absorption, filtration, or secretion Closely packed (no leaks, please!), often with
tight junctions Apical (free) surface Lower surface-basement membrane No blood supply (avascular) Capable of regeneration
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Simple Epithelium
Simple squamous thin, single layer tightly packed membranes that allow
for transmission of a fluid, gas, nutrient
also form serous membranes
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Simple Epithelium
Simple Cuboidal One layer thick, boxy
cells Glands & ducts Walls of tubules
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Simple Epithelium
Simple Columnar Single layer, column
shaped cells Often, Goblet cells are
embedded within the layer
Lines entire GI tract Mucous membranes
(note spelling: mucous- adj. vs. mucus-n.)
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Simple Epithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar Rest on basement
membrane Nuclei at different
heights; thus it looks like layers
Absorption/excretion Some types are ciliated
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Stratified Epithelia
Stratified Squamous Most common in body Several layers Found where tissue
might take a beating, such as esophagus, mouth, outer skin
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Transitional Epithelium
Highly modified stratified epithelium
Linings of some organs of the urinary system
Lots of stretching Basal layers cuboidal or
columnar; other layers variable
When organ is full, layers flatten out and look like squamous cells
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Connective Tissue
Cells within a matrixCells loosely packed, with spaces between
themMatrix runs from liquid, to fibers, to rigid
and hard
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Bone (Osseous tissue)
Bone cells sit in holes in matrix called lacunae
Matrix calcified & very hard
Protective, framework of body
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Cartilages
Hyaline Most common Rubbery matrix; flexible Larynx, ribs/sternum,
joints Fetal skeleton
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Fibrocartilage
Compressible Intervertebral discs
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Elastic Cartilage
Obviously, connective tissue that needs to have flexibility
Ear lobes, tip of nose
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Dense Connective Tissue
Also known as fibrous CT
Collagen fibers for matrix
Fibroblast cells Strong, ropelike Tendons & ligaments Lower dermis of skin
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Loose Connective Tissue
Softer; more cells & less fiber
3 types: areolar, adipose & reticular Areolar: cushions &
protects Stores water (edema) Cobweb appearance
Adipose: fat tissue Appear empty Insulate & protect
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Loose CT (con’t)
Reticular Delicate network Limited sites: lymph
nodes, spleen, bone marrow
Supports free blood cells
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Blood-Vascular Tissue
Fluid matrix, plasma Protein molecules
constitute the fibers of the matrix
Atypical CT Transport of nutrients,
gases, wastes, etc. RBCs, WBCs and
platelets
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Muscle Tissue
SkeletalVoluntary, striated,
attached to bone
SmoothInvoluntary, non-striated
walls of organs,
CardiacInvoluntary, striated, heart
tissue
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Nervous Tissue
Neurons Cell body, cell
processes that can be very long
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Neuroglia: “nurse cells”Supporting cells of the matrix
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Good review web site!
faculty.ircc.edu/.../histology_flash_cards.htm