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Ciba Specialty Chemicals

Value beyond chemistry

Ciba® TINOSORB®SThe highly efficient broad-spectrum UV absorber

Personal Care

2 Ciba® Tinosorb® S The highly efficient broad-spectrum UV-absorber 3Ciba® Tinosorb® S The highly efficient broad-spectrum UV-absorber

Ciba® TINOSORB®S

The highly efficient broad-spectrum UV absorber

Photostable

Compatible with other UV filters

Synergy with UV-B filters

Stabilizes other UV filters

Oil soluble


Contents

Why photoprotection? 6

Effect of UV radiation on humans 6

Photostable broad-spectrum UV absorbers 8

Photostable UV absorption 9

Product data 10

Chemical data, Specifications 10Absorption spectrum, Structure of TINOSORB® S 11Solubility 12

Performance efficacy 14

UV-A protection In vivo 14UV-A assessment In vitro 15TINOSORB® M and TINOSORB® S, the ideal couple 16Combinations with UV-B filters 17Photo-stabilizing effect on BMBM 17

Safety 18

Environment 19

Product registration 20 Patents 20 References 21 Recommendations for use 22 Formulary 23


Ciba® TINOSORB®S

great daytime protection

TINOSORB® Sintroduces a new chemistry to the market of cos-metic UV absorbers. The extraordinary photostability of HydroxyPhenylTriazine (HPT) chemistry is due to the dissipation of harmful UV radiation into harmless heat.

TINOSORB® Swas specifically designed to meet the needs of the cosmetic industry. Besides the excellent performance as a photostable broad-spectrum UV filter, it is compatible with organic and inorganic filters, meets the high safety requirements and is oil soluble for high water resistance.

TINOSORB® Sis a highly efficient broad-spectrum filter. It provides excellent UV-A protection to serve as a basis for UV protective day creams and shows synergistic effects with UV-B filters for high-SPF sunscreens.


Ciba® TINOSORB®S

Solar radiation in the range of infrared is per-ceived as heat, in the visible as color, and in the ultraviolet as the result of photobiologi-cal reactions. Such reactions may ultimately stimulate melanine production and tanning, or lead to altered genetic information and to aberrant cell behavior.The fact that radiation energy increases with a decrease in wavelength, and that longer wavelengths are less scattered by an ob-ject also holds true for UV radiation (UVR). Short wave UVR is more likely to induce photochemical reactions. Long-wave UVR will penetrate deeper into the skin. Hence, the biological effects induced by UVR may change with the wavelength.In consequence, and based on empirical observation, the spectrum of ultraviolet light with a wavelength between 100 nm and 400 nm has been divided into three differ-ent ranges: UV-C, UV-B and UV-A.

Effects of UV radiation on humans


Why photoprotection?It is now generally accepted that a sunscreen should provide broad-spectrum UV-B and UV-A protection.

TINOSORB®Sgreat daytime protection

The chance of developing permanent dam-age increases with the dose of sunlight ac-cumulated over a life time. The risk of det-rimental UV induced effects depends upon the accumulated dose and not only on the UV wavelength. This holds especially true in the context of exposure to natural sunlight where UV-A contributes to about 95% and UV-B only to 5% of the radiation. UV related health hazards can be minimized by proper protection and shielding. Sun protective agents have been on the market for more than 70 years. They were first developed to protect the skin against sunburn, i. e. to shield the skin preferentially from UV-B and to permit tanning by UV-A. Conventional sun

protection factors (SPF) still relate to the pro-tection from UV induced erythema[3]. With the growing awareness of UV-A damage ac-cumulating the risks for the development of melanoma and other tumors, it became ob-vious that to reduce the risk of sun exposure-related cancers the skin must be protected not only from UV-B but from the whole UV-A/ UV-B range[4,5]. In consequence, a new concept has evolved: an efficient sunscreen should not only prevent sunburn, but also minimize the accumulation of all radiation induced damage in the skin that increase the risk of fatal alterations[6-8]. UV protection means conversion of the radiation energy of sunlight into a harmless form.


Wavelength (nm)

Spectrum of the sun

Stratosphere

Biosphere

Stratum CorneumEpidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

Penetration of UV radiation into the skin

200 290 320 400 800

InfraredVisible lightUV-AUV-BUV-C

Skin

UV-A (wavelengths between 320 – 400 nm).UV-A radiation penetrates down to the dermal layers of the skin. It stimulates tanning and pigmentation and relates to skin aging, and skin cancers such as melanoma. UV-A may act in an indirect way by creating free radicals and reactive oxygen species[1].

UV-B (wavelengths between 290 – 320 nm).UV-B radiation stimulates the production of Vitamin D. It affects especially the epidermal layer of the skin, where it causes erythema (sunburn). Frequent and intense exposure to UV-B induces lesions on the DNA and modulates the immune response of the skin. In turn, UV-B enhances the risk of fatal mutations eventually leading to skin cancer and reduces the chance that a malignantly transformed cell is recognized and destroyed[2].

UV-C (wavelengths between 100 – 290 nm). UV-C has no

direct physiological impact since it is absorbed by the

ozone layer. Irradiation with UV-C sources has confirmed

the wavelength-dependence of UV damage.

O OH

OCH3

N

N

N

HO R

R’

OR

OH

R‘O

N

OHNN

OR‘


Photostable broad-spectrum UV absorbersRequirements for sunscreensWith the knowledge about the damaging effect of UV radiation the requirements for sunscreens and their actives, the UV absorb-ers have changed.

Modern sunscreens should be: – protecting against UVA and UVB-radiation– providing a high Sun Protection Factor (SPF)– photostable– water resistant– cosmetically elegant– non-toxic

Cosmetic UV filters with extremely high photostability

Requirements for cosmetic UV absorbersUV absorbers for cosmetics should be chemi-cally and photochemically inert. If they are not, chemical bonds may be rearranged lead-ing to new molecules, the UV absorbance of which might be diminished or even lost, and the toxicological properties may be altered. Radicals may react to form reactive oxygen species leading to biological damage. More-over, fluorescence and phosphorescence, though not dangerous, are not desirable. Therefore, the light energy absorbed by UV filters (if not scattered or reflected) should be transformed into harmless thermal energy.

Ciba Specialty Chemicals has a tradition of developing and manufacturing photostable UV absorbers for material protection. In in-dustries such as plastics and coatings, require-ment for photostability of the UV absorbers is measured in years rather than hours like in sunscreens. In materials protection 3 classes

2000 Year19901980197019601950

Benzophenones

Benzotriazoles

Hydroxyphenyl-Triazines

Benzophenone-3 TINOSORB® M TINOSORB® S

of UV-A/B absorber proved to meet these ex-treme requirement: Benzophenones, Benzo-triazoles and HydroxyPhenylTriazines (HPT). With the introduction of TINOSORB®S, the latest technology is now also being used in the cosmetic industry.

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: a tradition of photoprotection

Examples

OCH3

O

O

N

NN

O

H HO


Structure of TINOSORB® S

Energy

Intramolecular H-transfer

N… H-O N-H… O

S1

S0

Ab

sorp

tio

n Isomerization

Isomerization

Ground state S0

Energy dissipation cycle

Vibronic relaxation

Mechanism of dissipation of UV-energy into heatAbsorption of UV light promotes organic molecules from the electronic ground singlet state S0 into an excited electronic state (S1 or higher). There are different ways to dissipate this energy. The most important energy dissipation mode is internal conversion followed by vi-bronic relaxation. In contrast to the energy of excited electrons, vibrational energy can be dissipated into heat via collisions with the surrounding medium. The electronic excita-tion of the UV absorber can be transferred into vibrations via an intramolecular process called internal conversion. The probability for internal conversion is strongly enhanced when the molecule in its excited electronic state can switch between isomeric structures such as by cis/trans-isomerization or by intra-molecular H-transfer[9]. The latter is the case for TINOSORB® S.UVR is absorbed and leads to the excited state S1. Within a very short time, in the order of 10–12 seconds, isomerization takes place. Dur-ing this short time span no other chemical re-actions can be triggered. After the energy is dissipated vibronically, isomerization back to the original ground state S0 takes place. This isomerization is also referred to as photo-tau-tomerism. The structural elements involved are indicated in the lower figure.

Photo-Tautomerism Duration 10-12 secNo Radical Formation

Photo-stable UV absorption


Chemical Name 2,4-Bis-{[4-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2-hydroxy]-phenyl}-6- (4-methoxyphenyl)-(1,3,5)-triazine INCI name Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine (BEMT) COLIPA no. S 81

CAS no. 103597-45-1 Molecular formula C38H49N3O5

Molecular mass 627,80 g/mol Melting point 80° C

Solubility Oil soluble (page 12/13) Photostability Stable over 50 MED (Minimal Erythemal Dose) according to the method of Berset et al[10,11]

Product data

The TINOSORB® S represents the latest chemistry with the highest performance and photostability, especially designed for the need of the cosmetic industry.

Chemical data

Specifications Appearance Light yellow powder Odor Trace characteristic odor Assay ≥ 97.0% Absorbance E (1%, 1cm) ≥ 790 (in iso-propanol)

Use/concentration Sunscreen products/max. 10%


Molecular design for UV-B and UV-A absorption and good oil solubility

Absorption spectrum

Extinction of 1% active ingredient at an optical path length of 1cm

OCH3

OH

O

N

HONN

O

TINOSORB® S: Molecular design

For good Oil Solubility

UV spectrum of TINOSORB® S recorded using a Perkin Elmer Lambda 16 Spectrometer.The broad-spectrum is due to the special design of the TINOSORB® S molecule.

280 300 320 340 360 380 400Wavelenghth/nm

900

600

300

0

UV-spectrum of TINOSORB® S

TINOSORB® M

TINOSORB® S

E (1

%, 1

cm)

Structural formula

UV-B

UV-A

The whole TINOSORB® S molecule is fully conjugated across the triazine center. The asymmetry is responsible for two absorption peaks, one in the UV-B and one in the UV-A range, which results in the broad-spectrum characteristics. This molecule has also been designed for optimal solubility in cosmetic oils, by the two Ethylhexyl-substituents[12].

For good Oil Solubility


UV-Absorbers

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamte (TINOSORB® OMC) 17%

Isoamyl p-Methoxycinnamate (Neo Heliopan E 1000) 23%

Ethylhexyl Dimethyl PABA (Escalol 507) 20%

Ethylhexyl Salicylate (Eusolex OS) 20%

Octocrylene (Eusolex OCR) 3%

Pyrrolidones

Caprylyl Pyrrolidone (Surfadone LP100) 20%

Lauryl Pyrrolidone (Surfadone LP300) 21%

Ethers

Methylene Dimethylether (Methylal) 40%

Isosorbide Dimethylether (Arlasolve DMI) 6%

Dicaprylyl Ether (Cetiol OE) 2%

Carboxylic acid esters

Isodecyl Salicylate (Dermol IDSA) 18%

Diethylhexyl 2,6-Naphthalate (Hallbrite TQ) 14%

Butyloctyl Salicylate (Hallbrite BHB) 11%

Coco-Caprylate/Caprate (Cetiol LC) 5%

Hexyl Laurate (Cetiol A) 6%

Isopropyl Myristate (Tegosoft M) 6%

Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate (Crodamol PC) 7%

Isopropyl Palmitate (Tegosoft P) 5%

SolubilitySolubility of TINOSORB® S in cosmetic solvents/ingredients (at T = 25°C)


Dicarboxylic acid esters

Diethylhexyl Succinate (Crodamol OSU) 7%

Diethylhexyl Adipate (Crodamol DOA) 9%

Dicaprylyl Carbonate (Cetiol CC) 9%

Diisopropyl Sebacate (DUB DIS) 7%

Dicaprylyl Maleate (Bernel Ester DCM) 7%

Benzoic acid esters

C12–C15 Alkyl Benzoate (Tegosoft TN) 13%

PPG–15 Stearyl Ether Benzoate (Finsolv P) 13%

Isostearyl Benzoate (Finsolv SB) 8%

Octyl Dodecyl Benzoate (Finsolv BOD) 6%

Triacylglycerides

Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides (Miglyol 812N) 5%

Cocoglyceride (Myritol 331) 5%

Vegetal Oil

Sesame Oil 3%

Avocado Oil 3%

Jojoba Oil 2%

Solubility <1%

Hydrocarbons such as Mineral oil, Isohexadecane, Polydecenes

Alkoxylated Alcohols, Polyols such Propylene Glycol, Glycerol

Siloxanes and Silanes such as Cyclomethicone, Dimethicone


Performance efficacy 2% TINOSORB® S alone is sufficient to fulfill the requirements of the Australian UV-A standard

UV-A protection in vivo

UV-A protection factors (PFA) of the sun-screen formulations investigated were measured using the persistent pigment darkening method[13,14]. Irradiation of volun-teers is performed with a UV-A light source (320 to 400 nm). Two hours after irradiation

Formulations with varying concentration of TINOSORB® S between 1% and 4% were investigated in the presence and absence of a constant level of 5% EthylHexylMethoxy-Cinnamate. The value of the PFA obtained for the Japanese UV-A standard was 4.5 ± 0.7 which is in good agreement with the value of 4.3 published by the JCIA[15].

UV-A protection factor (PFA)

PFA category(Japan)

Placebo 0% 1% 2% 4% JapaneseStandard% TINOSORB® S

20

16

12

8

4

PFA

(PP

D m

eth

od

)

21

PA +

PA ++

PA +++

TINOSORB® Splus 5% EthylHexylMethoxyCinnamate

Persistant Pigment Darkening (PPD)

the minimal pigmenting dose of protected (MPDp) and unprotected (MPDu) skin is evaluated. Each formulation was tested on 10 panelists. The results were expressed as UVA-protection factors. As a reference the Japanese UV-A standard[15] was measured.

14 Ciba® Tinosorb® S The highly effi cient broad-spectrum UV-absorber 15Ciba® Tinosorb® S The highly effi cient broad-spectrum UV-absorber

The green bar indicates the threshold value of the Australian standard (Transmission < 0.1 between 320 and 360 nm).

In Australia, UV-A protection is recognized when a sunscreen preparation transmits be-tween a wavelength of 320 nm and 360 nm (at a pathlength of 8 µm) less than 10% of the incoming light[16]. In a comparative test with other oil soluble fi l-ters it was shown that TINOSORB® S exhibits the highest effi cacy to satisfy the Australian Standard: only 2.0% of this broad-spectrum fi lter are required in the formulation[17].

Critical wavelenghtThe critical wavelength is given as the up-per limit of the spectral range from 290 nm on, within which 90% of the area under the extinction curve of the whole UV-range between 290 nm and 400 nm is covered. The higher the the crit. wavelength of a sunscreen, the better its UVA-performance in relation to its UVB-performance [18].

UV-A/UV-B ratio The UV-A/UV-B ratio defi nes the performance of a sunscreen in the UV-A range (320 – 400 nm) in relation to its performance in the UV-B range (290 – 320 nm). It is calculated as the ratio between the areas under the UV-A and UV-B parts of the extinction curve, both areas are normalized to the range of wavelengths involved[18].

290 310 330 350 370 390 400 Wavelength (nm)

100

80

60

40

20

0

Australian Standard

Transmission spectrum

%

290 310 330 350 370 390 Wavelength (nm)

90% of total area under the curve between 290 and 400 nm

Critical wavelenght and UV-A/UV-B-ratio according to Diffey[18]

UV-A areaUV-B area

λc

UV-A assessment in vitro

Australian UV-A standard

Relative UV-A parameters

900

600

300

0

E (1

%, 1

cm)

The critical wavelength λc for TINOSORB® S alone comes to 370 nm.The UV-A/UV-B ratio of TINOSORB® S alone amounts to 0.73.


TINOSORB® M, INCI-name: Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT) is an organic broad-spectrum filter that consists of microfine particles that are dispersed (50% active) in an aqueous phase[19]. If TINOSORB® M is used together

0 2 4 6 8 % broad-spectrum UV filter

13

10

7

4

1

SPF of TINOSORB® M active and TINOSORB® S alone

SPF

in v

itro

TINOSORB® Mactive

TINOSORB® S 0%

TINOSORB® S 2%

TINOSORB® S 5%

1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35SPF in vitro

TINOSORB® S and TINOSORB® M synergistic effect

0%2.5%5.0%7.5%

TINOSORB® M and TINOSORB® S, the ideal couple

TINOSORB® M TINOSORB® S

Physical state Particles SolubleEmulsion phase Water OilBroad-spectrum Covers long UVA Higher absorbancePerformance (E1,1 curve) (E1,1 curve)Critical wavelength 388 nm 373 nmUV-A UV-B ratio 1.0 0.73

with TINOSORB S, which is dissolved in the oil phase, we thus expect synergy in UVB (SPF) as well as UVA protection. TINOSORB® M and S can be used in day creams or sunscreens to complement each other.

TINOSORB® S

Synergy between UV absorbersSynergy is present when the SPF of a particu-lar combination of UV filters is higher than the sum of the SPF of the same filters at the same quantities, alone.

SPF measurement of combinations of TINOSORB® M and TINOSORB® SThe SPF-synergy between TINOSORB® M and TINOSORB® S was studied by in vitro measurement using PolyMethylMetacrylate (PMMA) plates (1.2 mg/cm2). A strong syn-ergistic effect on the SPF was found and also confirmed with in vivo experiments.

ExampleSPF of 5% TINOSORB® M active 7.4SPF of 5% TINOSORB® S 8.9Sum of SPF’s TINOSORB® M/S alone (A) 16.3SPF of TINOSORB® M+S combined (C) 23.1

Synergistic effect C-A: 6.8

Characteristics of TINOSORB® M and S

TINOSORB® M active

Synergy between TINOSORB® M and TINOSORB® S


TINOSORB® S alone

Ethylhexyl Triazone

Diethylhexyl

4-Methylbenzylidene

Ethylhexyl

Phenylbenzimidazol

1 5 10 15 20 SPF calculated [20]

Synergy of TINOSORB® S (3%) with UV-B absorbers (4%)

UV

-B a

bso

rber

Synergy of 3% TINOSORB® S combined with 4% of a UV-B filter.The SPF values of TINOSORB® S, the UV-B absorbers and all combination pairs were cal-culated using a calibrated step film model[20]. The calculations are in good agreement with in vivo data.TINOSORB® S shows a very strong synergy with the two most efficient UV-B filters Eth-ylhexyl Triazone and Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone, and a slight synergy in combina-tion with the frequently used UV-B filters, 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor, Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnnamate and Phenylbenzimid-azol Sulfonic Acid.

A standard O/W formula built with an anionic emulsifier system (Crodafos CES and Stearic acid) was used to determine the stabilizing effect of TINOSORB® M and TINOSORB® S on 1 and 2% BMBM after an irradiation with 10 MED. The stabilizing effect is expressed as the drop in the UV-A/UV-B ratio, which is a clear indicator of the performance of a UV-A absorber. The simple use of TINOSORB® S at 3% is sufficient to limit efficiently the photo-deg-radation of BMBM, TINOSORB® M has a less pronounced stabilization effect.The stabilizing effect of TINOSORB® S has also been described elsewhere[21].

Without stabilization

Photo-stabilizing effect on BMBM

TINOSORB® S 3%

TINOSORB® M7.5%

Stabilizing agent

Combinations with UV-B filters

Photo-stabilizing effect on ButylMethoxyDibenzoylMethane (BMBM)

Butamido Triazone

Camphor

Methoxycinnamate

Sulfonic Acid

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

Dro

p o

f U

V-A

/UV

-B r

atio

Sum of SPF‘s of filters aloneSPF‘s of filters combined


Safety

Result /ConclusionToxicological test

Acute oral toxicity- rat LD50 > 2000 mg/kg Acute dermal toxicity- rat LD50 > 2000 mg/kgAcute dermal irritation/corrosion- rabbit Not irritantAcute eye irritation/corrosion- rabbit Not irritantSkin sensitisation- Maximization test Guinea pig Not a sensitizer 13-Week Repeated dose (gavage) toxicity- rat NOEL= 1000 mg/kg/day

Phototoxicity in Guinea pig Not phototoxicPhoto-sensitization test- Guinea pig Not photosensitizing

Reproductive toxicityAndrogen & Estrogen Receptor Binding Assays in vitro NegativeUterotrophic Assay: Immature female rats (gavage dose) NegativeTeratogenicity test (gavage) in rats NOEL = 1000 mg/kg/day(maternal, embryo, and fetal effects)

Genetic test Bacteria (S. typhimurium; E. coli) Reverse Mutation (Ames) Not mutagenicIn vitro Chromosome Aberration (V79 cells) Not clastogenicPhoto-mutagenicity in bacteria (S.typhimurium; E.coli) Nut mutagenicPhoto-Chromosome Aberration (V79 cells) Not clastogenic

Conclusion for Mutagenicity Negative

Clinical test Human phototoxicity (Sunscreen formulation) Not phototoxicHuman photoallergy (Sunscreen formulation) Not photoallergic

OverviewThe testing program was conducted with the active ingredient and according to OECD/EC test guidelines when available and were GLP-compliant. The toxicological test results indicate no adverse effects for human use. TINOSORB® S toxicology data have been

reviewed by the European Commission Sci-entific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended For Consumers (SCCNFP) and found to support an approved safe use level of up to 10% TINOSORB® S as a UV filter in leave-on and rinse-off cosmetics.

All tests have been performed according to standardized, approved methods.


EnvironmentThe eco-toxicological tests undertaken show that there is no adverse effects on the environment.

The testing program was conducted accord-ing to OECD/EC test guidelines where avail-able, and the risk assessment in line with the European Commissions ‘Technical Guidance Document’ (TGD).

TINOSORB® S has no acute aquatic toxicity up to solubility and also no toxicity to mi-croorganisms. The substance is not readily biodegradable but has an expected elimina-tion of >70% and is therefore adsorbed on to sludge and sediment. TINOSORB® S has a bio concentration factor BCF ≤19* and therefore no tendency to bio accumulate. An androgen competitive binding assay gave no indication of an endocrine activity.

The resulting Environmental Risk Assessment according to the EU ‘Technical Guidance Document’ has a PEC/PNEC** ratio of <0.01 in the environmental compartments water, sludge, sediment and soil. These favorable results indicate no adverse effect to the en-vironment.

* BCF values < 100 are of no concern

** PEC = Predicted Environmental Concentration PNEC = Predicted No Effect Concentration PEC/PNEC ratios < 1 indicates no immediate

concern to the environment

TINOSORB®Sgreat daytime protection


TINOSORB® S is already approved in Europe and South America; Ciba Specialty Chemicals is committed to register TINOSORB® S globally.

TINOSORB® S is approved for use as UV filter according to part I of Annex VII of the European Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EEC in a concentration of up to 10%[22].

TINOSORB® S is approved for use as UV filter by the Swiss ‘Bundesamt für Gesundheit’, listed in ‘Anhang 2 der Verordnung über kosme-tische Mittel (VKos)’ in a concentration of up to 10%.

TINOSORB® S is further contained in the ‘Lista Positiva de Filtros Ultravioletas do Mercosul’ for concentrations of up to 10% compris-ing the following countries: Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and Uruguay.

TINOSORB® S is also approved by the South African Foodstuff, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act for concentrations of up to 10%.

Ciba Specialty Chemicals has initiated the registration of TINOSORB®S in many further countries.

Product registration

Patents

TINOSORB® S and combinations thereof with most commonly used cosmetic UV filters are patent protected by Ciba Specialty Chemicals (e. g. US-5,955,060). Nevertheless, specific patents and patent ap-plications of other parties should be considered.


1. Scharfetter-Kochanek K, Wenk J, Brenneisen B, Blaudschun R and Wlaschek M, Molecular Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Photoageing and Tumor Progression. In: Altmeyer P et al. (Eds.). Skin Cancer and Radiation. Springer, Berlin-

Heidelberg (1997), pp. 115–127

2. Streilein JW, Taylor JR, Vincek V, Kurimoto I, Shimizu T, Tie C, and Coulomb C, Immune surveillance and sunlight-induced skin cancer,

Immunology Today. 15.(1994) 174–179

3. COLIPA sun protection factor test method, ref. 94/289, Oct. 1994, The European Cosmetic Toiletry and Perfumery Association – COLIPA, Rue du Congrès, 5-7, B-1000 Bruxelles

4. Ziegler A, Jonason AS, Leffeli DJ, Simon JA, Sharma HW, Kimmelmann J, Remington L, Jacks

T and Brash DA, Sunburn and p53 in the onset of skin cancer, Nature 372.(1994) 773–776

5. Ananthaswamy HN, Loughlin SM, Cox P, Evans RL, Ullrich SE and Kripke ML, Sunlight and

Skin cancer: Inhibition of p53 mutations in UV- irradiated mouse skin by sunscreens. Nature Medicine 3.(1997) 510–514

6. Fukuda ML and Takata S, The Evolution of Recent Sunscreens. In: P. Altmeyer et al. (Eds.). Skin Cancer and Radiation. Springer, Berlin-

Heidelberg (1997) 265–275

7. Schauder S, Sunscreens in Europe: Recent Developments. In: Altmeyer P et al. (Eds.). Skin

Cancer and Radiation. Springer, Berlin- Heidel-berg (1997) 276–295

8. Sauermann G, Mann T, and Wochnowski M, UV Protection by Sunscreens. In: Altmeyer P et al. (Eds.). Skin Cancer and Radiation. Springer, Berlin- Heidelberg (1997) 296–313

9. Otterstedt JE, Photostability and molecular structure, J. Phys. Chem. 58 (1973) 5716-5725

10. Berset G, Gonzenbach H, Christ R, Martin R, Deflandre A, Mascotte RE, Jolley JDR, Lowell W, Pelzer R, and Stiehm T, Int. Cosmet J. Sci. 18 (1996) 167–177

11. Herzog B, Sommer K, Investigations on photostability of UV-absorbers for cosmetic

sunscreens. Proceedings (CD-ROM): 21st ISFCC Congress, Berlin, Germany, Poster P60 (2000).

12. Hueglin D, Herzog B, Mongiat S, Hydroxyphen-yltriazines: A new generation of cosmetic UV filters with superior photoprotection, Oral presentation at 22nd IFSCC, Edinburgh, 23-26 September 2002, oral paper

References

13. Herzog B, Mongiat S, Deshayes C, Neuhaus M, Sommer K, Mantler A, In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment of UVA-Protection by Sunscreen Formulations Containing eitherButyl Methoxy Dibenzoyl Methane, Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol, or Microfine ZnO, Oral presentation at 22nd IFSCC, Edinburgh, 23-26 September 2002, oral paper

14. Chardon A, Moyal D, and Hourseau C, Persistent pigment-darkening response as a

method for evaluation of ultraviolet A protection assays. Sunscreens: Development, Evaluation, and Regulatory Aspects, ed. Lowe NJ, Shaath NA, Pathak MA, 559-582, 2nd Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York (1997)

15. JCIA Measurement Standard for UVA Protection Efficacy. Japan Cosmetic Industry Association – JCIA, 9-14, Toranomon 2-Chome, Minato-Ku Tokyo, p 105 (1995)

16. AS/NZS (1998) Australian/New Zealand Stan-dard. AS/NZS, 2604

17. Osterwalder U, Luther H, and Herzog B, Sun protection beyond the sun protection factor –

new efficient and photostable UVA filters. SÖFW-Journal 127, 45-54 (2001)

18. Diffey BL, A method for broad-spectrum classification of sunscreens, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci.

16, 47-52 (1994)

19. Osterwalder U, Luther H, Herzog B, UV-A Protection with a new class of UV Absorber, 47. SEPAWA Kongress, Proceedings; 2000 153-164

20. Herzog B, Prediction of Sun Protection Factors by Calculation of Transmissions with a Calibrated

Step Film Model, J. Cosmet. Sci. 53, 11-26 (January-February 2002)

21. Chatelain E and Gabard B, Photostabilization of Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) and Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by Bis-ethyl-hexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a New UV Broadband Filter. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 74, 401-406 (2001).

22. Twenty Fourth Commission Directive 2000/6/EC of 29 February 2000, Council Directive 76/768/EC, Official Journal of the European Communities L56/42, 1.3.2000

22 Ciba® Tinosorb® S The highly efficient broad-spectrum UV-absorber

The product form of TINOSORB® S is a very fine yellow powder that is easily solubilized in most lipophilic emollients. Consequently and preferably, TINOSORB® S should be added directly into the oil phase of the emulsion and then heated till 75 – 80 °C for the emulsification procedure.Alternatively and especially for ‘cold process’ emulsions, we should solubilize first TINOSORB® S in the most relevant lipophilic solvents (high to medium polarity) at room temperature and then complete the oil phase with the rest of oil dispersible/soluble ingredients.The choice of the emulsifier system and the polarity of the cosmetic solvents is determinant to an optimal stability of TINOSORB® S in end products.

Recommendations for use

Incorporation of TINOSORB® S in cosmetic manufacturing

O/W emulsifier systems

• Good compatibility with broad variety of emulsifier systems• Best physico-chemical stability with anionic emulsifiers• Reasonable limit of use in O/W emulsions: <5%-6%• Preferred systems, for optimal SPF value, are lamellar structured emulsions (lamellar gel network provides rheological barrier to coalescence and decreases the Van de Waals forces between oil droplets)

W/O emulsifier systems

• W/O emulsions need to use a minimal quantity of non polar oils in order to be physico-chemically stable• TINOSORB® S solubilization needs a sufficient amount of polar oils• Use of waxes (Candellila, Carnauba...) improves the stability when formulating with polar oils• Reasonable limit of use in W/O emulsion: 3%• Preferred systems, for optimal SPF value, are Polyglyceryl esters (liquid lamellar phase formation provides good abilities to emulsify polar oils and silicones without any stability problems over time)

22 Ciba® Tinosorb® S The highly efficient broad-spectrum UV-absorber

All trademarks mentioned are either property of or licensed to Ciba Specialty Chemicals and registered in relevant countries.

IMPORTANT: The following supersedes Buyer’s documents. SELLER MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUD-ING MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PAR-TICULAR PURPOSE. No statements herein are to be construed as inducements to infringe any relevant patent. Under no circumstances shall Seller be liable for incidental, consequential or indirect damages for alleged negligence, breach of warranty, strict liability, tort or contract arising in connection with the product(s). Buyer’s sole remedy and Seller’s sole liability for any claims shall be Buyer’s purchase price. Data and results are based on controlled or lab work and must be confirmed by Buyer by testing for its intended conditions of use. The product(s) has not been tested for, and is therefore not rec-ommended for, uses for which prolonged contact with mucous membranes, abraded skin, or blood is intended; or for uses for which implantation within the human body is intended. The information given in our circulars is based on the present state of our knowledge. It shows without liability on our part the uses to which our product can be applied.


Ciba Specialty Chemicals is a global leader in the discovery, manufacture and marketing of innovative specialty chemicals. Our products hold leading positions in their chosen markets. We add value beyond chemistry for our cus-tomers, employees and shareholders through our state-of-the-art environmentally compatible technologies and proven international marketing expertise.

This boschure is not intended for the use in the U.S.A.

The information given in our circulars is based on the present state of our knowledge. It shows without liability on our part the uses to which our product can be applied.

For further information please call your local representative.

Formulary

TINOSORB® S serves as basis for good UV-A protection in day creamsand medium to high SPF sunscreens

Value beyond chemistry

© 2002 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.Pub. No. PC.UVPS.TB.0208.e.01Edited in Switzerland in August 2002


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Headquarters/Europe

Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.Home & Personal Care SegmentCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland

Telephone +41 61 636 24 14Telefax +41 61 636 31 [email protected]

Tinosorb's Brochure

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