Timeline pulled from News Messenger articles€¦ ·...

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MARSHALL’S CIVIL RIGHTS SITINS Sources: Marshall News Messenger articles, Harrison County Historical Museum Archives HCHM Photograph Collection Marshall News Messenger Photograph Archives Donald Seals Jr., “The WileyBishop Student Movement: A Case Study in the 1960 Civil Rights Sit Ins,” The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 106, July 2002 April, 2003, Ron Tyler, editor. Retrieved January 20, 2013 from http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101223/m1/487/ Saturday, March 26, 1960 10 a.m. 13 African American students from Wiley College and Bishop College enter F.W. Woolworth store on square in downtown Marshall. Take seats at lunch counter Given no opportunity to place orders Store manager announces store closing 13 students leave store Store reopens at 12:30 2 p.m. Students reenter F.W. Woolworth store; were told counter is closed Group of students enter Union Bus Terminal Café; left without an argument when told counter closed Students at F.W. Woolworth lunch counter Images from the collection of the Harrison County Historical Museum

Transcript of Timeline pulled from News Messenger articles€¦ ·...

Page 1: Timeline pulled from News Messenger articles€¦ · Harrison)County)District)Attorney)meets)with)studentsinefforttoprevent violence;encourages)themto)leave)courthouse)square) Studentsrefusetoleavecourthousesquare)

 MARSHALL’S  CIVIL  RIGHTS  SIT-­INS  

Sources:    Marshall  News  Messenger  articles,  Harrison  County  Historical  Museum  Archives  

         HCHM  Photograph  Collection  

         Marshall  News  Messenger  Photograph  Archives  

 Donald  Seals  Jr.,  “The  Wiley-­‐Bishop  Student  Movement:    A  Case  Study  in  the  1960  Civil  Rights  Sit-­‐Ins,”    The  Southwestern  Historical  Quarterly,    Volume  106,  July  2002  -­‐  April,  2003,  Ron  Tyler,  editor.    Retrieved  January  20,  2013  from  http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101223/m1/487/    

Saturday,  March  26,  1960    10  a.m.  

13  African  American  students  from  Wiley  College  and  Bishop  College  enter  F.W.  Woolworth  store  on  square  in  downtown  Marshall.  

Take  seats  at  lunch  counter   Given  no  opportunity  to  place  orders   Store  manager  announces  store  closing   13  students  leave  store   Store  reopens  at  12:30  

2  p.m.    

Students  re-­‐enter  F.W.  Woolworth  store;  were  told  counter  is  closed   Group  of  students  enter  Union  Bus  Terminal  Café;  left  without  an  argument  when  

told  counter  closed  

 Students  at  F.W.  Woolworth  lunch  counter  Images  from  the  collection  of  the  Harrison  County  Historical  Museum    

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 Students  at  F.W.  Woolworth  lunch  counter  Image  from  the  archives  of  the  Marshall  News  Messenger    Wednesday,  March  30  

12:35  p.m.  

20  students  try  to  obtain  service  at  three  lunch  counters  (F.W.  Woolworth,  Union  Bus  Station  Café,  Fry-­‐Hodge  Drugs.    Ten  were  female;  10  Wiley  students;  10  Bishop  students.    The  students  are  arrested  and  charged  were  “unlawful  assembly  to  deprive  a  man  of  the  right  to  do  business.”    Students  were  fingerprinted,  photos  made,  and  processed.  

Students  arrested  were  Wiley  College  Jeanette  Otis  Lawrence  Joseph  Roosevelt  Peabody  Yvonne  Tucker  Joel  Rucker  Pearl  Cressley  George  Holmes  Ernestine  Stubblefield  Celestia  J.  Smith  S.J.  Briscoe  

 Bishop  College  Willie  J.  Smith  Mae  Coates  King  James  E.  Sweet  Dorothy  J.  Anderson  Mattie  Mae  Etta  Johnson  James  Wade  Bernice  Holly  Joe  Billye  Fleming  Thomasina  Parker  Albert  F.  Campbell  

Afternoon     About  300  students  assemble  on  Courthouse  square  to  protest  arrests  of  

students  

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Harrison  County  District  Attorney  meets  with  students  in  effort  to  prevent  violence;  encourages  them  to  leave  courthouse  square  

Students  refuse  to  leave  courthouse  square   Fire  hose  used  to  move  demonstrators  off  downtown  square   37  arrested   Others  held  briefly  and  released  on  their  own  recognizance  

 

 Civil  Rights  demonstrations-­‐Charles  Allen  speaks  to  demonstrators  from  Courthouse  steps  March  30,  1960      

 Civil  Rights  demonstrations  enter  courthouse  to  meet  with  DA  Charles  Allen  March  30,  1960      

 Prayer  on  southwest  side  of  courthouse  March  30,  1960    

 Prayer  on  courthouse  steps  March  30,  1960  Images  from  the  collection  of  the  Harrison  County  Historical  Museum  

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 Water  Hose  Used  to  Move  Civil  Rights  Demonstration  Off  Courthouse  Square  on  March  30,  1960  Images  from  the  collection  of  the  Harrison  County  Historical  Museum  

 

Thursday,  March  31  

350  students  hold  demonstration  [note:    described  as  session  of  prayers  and  singing,  mostly  patriotic  and  religious  songs  in  other  recounts  of  assembly]  at  bell  tower  on  Wiley  campus  to  show  support  for  protestors  

Student  leaders  state  they  will  boycott  merchants  and  continue  sit-­‐ins  

  “We  feel  the  support  we  gained  Wednesday  will  prove  to  the  people  that  we  are  not  a  bunch  of  kids  following  a  fad.”    -­‐-­‐  Speaker  at  rally  as  reported  in  Marshall  News  Messenger  

  “We  will  face  quite  a  bit  of  danger  in  our  efforts,  but  our  movement  is  really  moving  and  we  have  what  we  need.”  -­‐-­‐  Speaker  at  rally  as  reported  in  Marshall  News  Messenger  

 Prayer  vigil  at  Wiley  College  (Note:    These  photos  may  be  the  prayer  vigil  held  on  March  31  or  may  be  photos  of  the  demonstrators  gathering  back  at  Wiley  Campus  for  prayer  and  song  after  March  26  demonstrations  as  described  on  Page  423  of  “The  Wiley  Bishop  Student  Movement:    A  Case  Study  in  the  1960  Civil  Rights  Sit-­‐Ins”)  Images  from  the  collection  of  the  Harrison  County  Historical  Museum.  

Friday,  April  1  

12:30  P.M.  

4  couples  arrested  after  sit-­‐in  at  Fry-­‐Hodge  Drug;  2  men  and  2  women   2  arrested  were  Patricia  Anderson  of  Marshall  and  William  Wilborn  of  Tyler  

 

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 Arresting  officers  escort  Patricia  Anderson  and  William  Wilborn  to  jail  April  1,  1960.  Images  from  the  collection  of  the  Harrison  County  Historical  Museum.  

Noon  

Rumors  of  parade  to  support  students  brought  a  large  crowd  of  both  blacks  and  whites  downtown  

Two  men  on  downtown  square  with  dogs  on  leashes;  one  from  Longview;  one  from  Angelina  County.    District  Attorney  Charles  Allen  orders  owners  of  dogs  to  remove  them  from  the  city.    Says  he  will  prefer  charges  if  they  remain  in  city.  

 

 Men  with  dogs  on  courthouse  square  told  to  leave  town  or  be  arrested  April  1,  1960  Image  from  the  collection  of  the  Harrison  County  Historical  Museum.  

1:00  P.M.  

3  others  arrested  at  Fry-­‐Hodge  Drug   8  put  in  city  jail   Local  attorney  Romeo  Williams  helps  students  post  bail.    National  NAACP  

organization  and  local  citizens  help  pay  for  bonds.  

Saturday,  April  1  

Students  picket  downtown  with  signs   6  arrested   All  Friday  and  Saturday  arrested  protestors  released  on  bonds  late  Saturday  night  

Sunday,  April  3  

Wiley  College  and  Bishop  College  presidents  say  purpose  served;  encourage  students  to  end  demonstrations  

“I  don’t  think  these  demonstrations  can  be  written  off  as  a  fad  since  the  students  actually  feel  they  are  actually  fighting  for  a  just  cause.”     -­‐-­‐Dr.  M.  K.  Curry  Jr.,  President,  Bishop  College  

 

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Thursday,  April  7  

Trials  begin  in  City  Corporation  Court   C.B.  Bunkley  represents  35  defendants;  states  will  take  case  to  higher  courts  if  found  

guilty;  files  motion  to  dismiss  charges   Judge  concedes  students  were  denied  service  because  of  race,  but  the  ordinance  

violated  could  be  used  to  exclude  any  individual  for  any  reason   Plans  made  to  hold  jury  trial  as  quickly  as  possible    

PHOTOGRAPH  FROM  HCHM  COLLECTIONS  

 Lawyer  Romeo  Williams  at  City  Court  April  1,  1960  Image  from  the  collection  of  the  Harrison  County  Historical  Museum.  

 

AFTERMATH:  

Renowned  Dallas  Civil  Rights  attorney,  C.B.  Bunkley  Jr.,  comes  to  Marshall  to  represent  arrested  protestors  (One  of  attorneys  of  record  on  Sweatt  v  Painter  Supreme  Court  case  along  with  Thurgood  Marshall)  

Romeo  Williams  and  one  protestor,  Mattie  Mae  Etta  Johnson,  killed  in  train-­‐car  wreck  August  17,  1960  

Texas  Court  of  Criminal  Appeals  rules  in  favor  of  protestors   Stores  in  Marshall  quietly  remove  lunch  counters