Industrial RevolutionTimeline of Inventions

Instructions

Collaborate with your classmates to create a timeline of important inventions of the first and second industrial revolutions. Each person must contribute 2 technological developments for the first and second phases of the industrial revolution (4 slides).

Be sure to communicate so there are not duplicates and each student does different inventions.

For each, provide an image and date and a short caption (in YOUR words) which explains the innovation and details its importance. Two examples have been provided.

Use the Wikipedia page on the Industrial Revolution for ideas

Put in chronological order.

First Industrial Revolution

1750 to 1850

Golden Age of Canals (1760 to 1850)

Built in Europe and the USA before the railway. This improvement in transportation dramatically reduced the cost of moving raw materials and products (price of coal fell by 50%) which accelerated industrial growth.

Erie Canal

Age of Steam Power and Invention of Steam Engines (1760’s)

steam power steam engine

James Watt improved the steam engine in the 1760’s to use less fuel. Coal was used to power the steam engines. Steam engines allowed for faster transportation to occur and more efficient trade of goods.

Boring Machine (1774)

Used to create large-diameter cylinders for early steam engines during the 18th century.

Wilkinson’s boring machines

In 1775, Alexander Cummings invented the toilet. This invention led to the downfall of diseases such as: cholera, typhoid, and dysentery, possibly saving more lives than vaccines and penicillin. The toilet did this by utilizing newly built sewer systems.

Toilet 1775

Sewing Machine

In 1791 British inventor Thomas Saint was the first to patent a design for a sewing machine. His machine was meant to be used on leather and canvas. but a working model was never built.Industrial sewing machines, by contrast, are larger, faster, more complex, and more varied in their size, cost, appearance, and task.Home sewing machines are all similar—designed for one person to manually sew individual items while using a single stitch type.

1791

Cotton Gin (1793)

Invented in 1793 by an American, Eli Whitney. It consists a fairly complex system of a wire screen and small wire hooks used to pull the cotton and brushes to remove the loose cotton, so only the best then were made into clothing. It revolutionized the textile industry and increased demand for slaves, particularly in the American South. It also was another contributing factor to the American Civil War.

The Steamboat1807

In 1807, Robert Fulton used steam power to create the first steamboat, an invention that would change the way and the speed in which materials could be moved between the colonies of Britain. In the beginning, the ship was more expensive to build and operate than sailing vessels, but the steamship had some advantages. It could take off under its own power and it was more steadfast in storms .

Robert Fulton

Cement (1824)

Patented by Joseph Aspdin in 1824, cement was a mix of powdered clay and limestone mixed with water sand and gravel. IT was later used to construct the Thames Tunnel and London sewage system

Thames Tunnel

Glass Making

1832

The cylinder process was used to create sheet glass by the Chance Brothers. This advancement allowed for larger panes of glass to be created, and was showcased by the Crystal Palace, built for the Great Exhibition in London in 1851.

Revolver -1836

Samuel Colt

New way of gunfire allowing for multiple shots before reloading while still being small enough for one hand. Uses bullets in their own casings with a small gunpowder charge activated by being stuck with the hammer.

Mccormick Reaper 1837

Horse drawn grain collector that replaced manual harvesting with a scythe. He sold so many because he invented great business practices like: free replacement parts, money back guarantees and no haggle pricing.

Cyrus Mccormick

Photography Innovation- Invention of the Camera (1840)

The first camera was invented in 1840 by Alexander Wolcott. This allowed for moments in time to be captured. He also created the earliest photography shop located in New York.

Telegraph 1844

Samuel Morse

Messages sent quickly over a wire. Telegraph wires spread across the country. New way of communication for people.

Second Industrial Revolution

1850 to 1914

Interchangeable parts

1853 the invention of parts that are practically identical allowed for easy assembly of new devices as well as repair of existing devices while minimizing both the time and skills required of the person doing the repair or assembly

jordan longmire

Dynamite 1866

Alfred Nobel

Safer way to blast holes over lighting black powder. Dynamite important in clearing paths and building roads.Later used by terrorists.

Transatlantic Cable (1886)

The Transatlantic cable was the first communications cable and was laid across the Atlantic sea floor. This gave quick communication from the U.S.A to Europe.

Carbon Microphone (1870)

Invented by David Edward Hughes from England in the 1870s, although this was disputed by Thomas Edison. Hughes did not patent the microphone because he wanted it to be a gift for the world.

Diagram of carbon microphone.

Radio Giovanni Marconi/Nikola Tesla 1894

There was a great deal of journalistic enthusiasm for the idea of a wireless telephone--both providing communication where there were no lines and breaking the monopoly of the telephone and telegraph companies. Marconi transmitted signals across the Atlantic in 1901.

As technology advanced radios were soon found in most homes by the 1920s and provided news and entertainment.

Vaccines For Diseases 1870

Louis Pasteur believed that germs caused disease. He used this knowledge to create vaccines to help people live longer. One vaccine he created was the rabies vaccine. Vaccines are still significantly used today in our modern world.

Invention of the Telephone (1876)

The first words spoken into an experimental telephone were “Mr. Watson, come here, I want you” by Alexander Graham Bell. Electricity led to the spread of many new technologies including the telephone.

Phonograph (1877’s)

While working in the telephone and the telegraph,Edison figured out a way to record sound in tin foil coated cylinders .In 1877 , he created a machine with two needles: one for recording and one for playing back . Edison suggested that there were other uses for the Phonograph like : letter writing and dictation . phonographic books for the blind, a family recording , music boxes , toys ,clocks and a connection with the telephones so communications could be recorded . In 1917 when the U.S became involved with WW1 the Edison Company created a special model of the phonograph for the U.S Army .

Motion pictures (1869)

Patented in 1867 by William Lincoln, moving drawings or photographs were watched through a slit in the zoopraxiscope. However, this was a far cry from motion pictures as we know them today. Modern motion picture making began with the invention of the motion picture camera.

Lumiere invented was a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector called the Cinematographe, three functions covered in one invention.

Maxim Machine gun 1883

invented by Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim in 1883

jordan longmire

The maxim machine gun forever changed the way war was fought and start an arms race that still continues to this day

Dishwasher (1887)

Invented by Josephine Cochrane in Illinois, 1887 and first unveiled at the Chicago’s World Fair in 1893. It consisted of wire compartments placed inside a wheel that lay flat within a copper boiler and turned manually. Hot soapy water squirted from the bottom of the boiler. It wasn’t efficient as today’s dishwashers but was an improvement in doing all dishes in the sink. Restaurants and hotels purchased her dishwashers.

X-ray (1895)

Is an electromagnetic device invented by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895. It worked the same way it does today, by harnessing X-rays, that naturally exist.For the first time ever, the inner workings of the body could be made visible without having to cut into flesh.

Air Conditioner 1902

1902 Willis Haviland Carrier

The Air conditioner was another in the slew of home comfort and relaxation that came out during the second revolution. This and other electronic comforts changed the way the home looked and felt for generations to come.

Jordan longmire

Invention of Airplanes (1903)

The first successful airplane was created by Wilbur and Orville Wright in 1903. In December 1903, they made 4 short flights in it. This led to a new form of transportation and was used in WWI WWII.

Dreadnought 1906

Equipped with more heavy calibre guns than previous ships, the dreadnoughts were powered by steam turbine propulsion, with heavy steel plated hulls. Torpedos could be effective up to 3700 m. They became a crucial symbol of national power, and the arrival of these warships renewed the naval arms race between the UK and Germany leading up to WW1.

Model T 1908

New way to travel for people. Start of a new wave of transportation. Model T made on assembly line made it affordable for people to own

Henry Ford