Slide 1

Time for change to a more fair government

Slide 2

The government could not be changed from within The powers of the Chateau Clique and the Family Compact were impossible to weaken

Slide 3

Reformers in Upper and Lower Canada stayed in close contact Change in one colony would help bring change in the others

Slide 4

Mackenzie and Papineau prepared for armed attacks British did not have enough troops to fight back everywhere

Slide 5

Strong nationalist feelings Support from almost all French- Canadians The Church opposed the Rebellion Many French Canadians were reluctant to go against the churches The Fils de la Liberte (Sons of Liberty) led the revolt in Lower Canada

Slide 6

Many small, short battles, but the British beat the Patriotes (French-Canadian forces) Many patriotes died Papineau escaped to the US PROBLEM: 1.Lack of organization 2.Lack of support from the Catholic Church

Slide 7

Wanted an American-style democracy Divided supporters For many British Canadians, the US was the enemy BUT, people wanted a better government The new governor, FRANCIS BOND HEAD sided with the Family Compact and was very strict

Slide 8

Mackenzie thought soldiers were in Lower Canada fighting Toronto would be undefended easy to overtake Could take over arms and ammunition and take Bond Head prisoner

Slide 9

WHY?: 1. Not enough men 2. Little military experience 3. Poor planning Mackenzie escaped to the US disguised as a woman

Slide 10

Read pp. 42-45

Slide 11

The rebels who survived and were caught would have been punished severely

Slide 12

Under British law, over a hundred crimes were punished by death After the Rebellions, the major leaders were publicly hanged

Slide 13

Others were transported to Bermuda or Australia for seven years Many people died Similar to conditions on the coffin ships

Slide 14

Slide 15

IIf they arrived, the prisoners were used as slave labour Worked on plantations and on government projects GGiven little food TTreated very badly

Slide 16

After the Rebellions, Britain realized they needed to change the government in the colonies Send some people to investigate Led by Lord Durham

Slide 17

MMore independent from the Clique and the Compact MMore progressive (willing to change) Treated the rebels as lightly as possible VVery prejudiced against the French HHad little support. Why? The people who had fought the rebels and whose property was damaged were angry. The French Durham resigns

Slide 18

1. Recommended that the Canadas join together and that responsible government was introduced 2. Later, all British North American colonies should join together (New Brunswick, PEI, Nova Scotia, etc.) WHO WOULD NOT BE HAPPY? TTHE FRENCH!

Slide 19

Durham convinced the British that democracy was needed to ensure peace in Canada Responsible government: not full democracy or independence: Elected assembly in charge of internal affairs (taxation, etc.) British still in control of foreign affairs and military

Slide 20

In 1840, the new governor passed the Act of Union to join the two Canadas In 1841, they became United Canada; capital was Montreal. FRENCH VERY ANGRY!!!! STILL!