Time and Money: Using Federal Data to Measure the Value of Performing Arts Activities May 2011...
Transcript of Time and Money: Using Federal Data to Measure the Value of Performing Arts Activities May 2011...
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Time and Money: Using Federal Data to Measure the Value of Performing Arts Activities
May 2011
Office of Research & AnalysisNational Endowment for the Arts
arts.gov/research
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• Size of Industry, Workforce, Revenue
-United States Census Bureau
•Consumer Spending-Bureau of Economic Analysis
•Consumer Spending-Bureau of Labor Statistics
Value as Expressed by
U.S. Performing Arts Industry(Number of Establishments)
Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007= for-profit
5,000
10,000
4,899
2,500
7,500
Furniture repair shops
Movie theaters
General medical and surgical hospitals
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U.S. Performing Arts Industry(Number of Establishments)
Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007
5,000
8,840
10,000Life insurance
firms
Business, management, and computer training
schools
Men’s clothing stores
2,500
7,500
4,899
= not-for-profit
= for-profit 4
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
54,000 Cable companies
Public relations agencies
Computer and office machine repair
U.S. Performing Arts Industry(Number of Paid Workers)
Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007= for-profit
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U.S. Performing Arts Industry(Number of Paid Workers)
Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007
127,648
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
Catering
Marketing consultancies
Ambulance services
54,000
= not-for-profit
= for-profit 6
U.S. Performing Arts Industry(Number of Paid Workers)
Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000 Oil and gas pipeline construction Advertising agencies
Coffee shops
183,648
127,648
54,000
= not-for-profit = for-profit = self-employed
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U.S. Performing Arts Industry(Total Revenue of Organizations)
Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007
$5 bil.
$8 bil.
$10 bil.
$15 bil.
$20 bil.
Cafeterias and buffets
Drycleaning and laundry services
Parking lots and garages
= for-profit
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U.S. Performing Arts Industry(Total Revenue of Organizations)
Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007
$13.6 bil.
$5 bil.
$10 bil.
$15 bil.
$20 bil.
HR consulting services
Ambulatory surgical and emergency
centers
Direct mail advertising
$8 bil.
= for-profit
= not-for-profit
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Not-for-Profit Performing Arts IndustryRevenue by Source
Source: 2007 Economic Census, U.S. Census Bureau
46%
41%
13%
Earned Income
Contributed Income
Individuals 21%
Foundations 8%
Business 6%
Government 4%
Other 2%
Other Income
Total:$5.6 bil.
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$14.5 bil.
U.S. Consumer Spending on Admissions
$5 bil. $9 bil. $13 bil. $17 bil. $21 bil.
Sporting events
Performing arts
Movie theaters
Museums and libraries
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, 2009
Car, van, and truck rentals ($11.4 bil.)
Moving, storage, and freight delivery ($15.5 bil.)
Parking fees and tolls ($15.6 bil.)
$6 bil.
$10.5 bil.
$20.5 bil.
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• Size of Industry, Workforce, Revenue
-United States Census Bureau
•Consumer Spending-Bureau of Economic Analysis
•Consumer Spending-Bureau of Labor Statistics
Value as Expressed by
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Movie attendance
1 mil. 2 mil. 3 mil. 4 mil.
Number of Americans Doing Selected Cultural Activities on an Average Day
Sports attendance
Museum visits
Performing arts attendance
Other arts and entertainment
Arts/crafts activities
Source: American Time Use Survey, 2003-2009
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Movie attendance
1 mil. 2 mil. 3 mil. 4 mil.
Number of Americans Doing Selected Cultural Activities on an Average Day
Sports attendance
Museum visits
Performing arts attendance
Other arts and entertainment
Arts/crafts activities
6.5 mil.did at least one activity
Source: American Time Use Survey, 2003-2009
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Percent of those who attend, by time of dayWHEN DO THEY ATTEND?
10 AM 11 AM 12 PM 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM 4 PM 5 PM 6 PM 7 PM 8 PM 9 PM 10 PM 11 PM0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Performing Arts Museums Sports
Source: American Time Use Survey, 2003-2009
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WHERE DO THEY ATTEND?
65%
10%
9%
8%
8%4%
36%64%
Places of Worship
Schools
Outdoors, away from home
Bars and restaurants
Other
Performing Arts Attendees “Other” Arts and Entertainment Attendees
Source: American Time Use Survey, 2003-2009
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Time spent on an average day
Watching TV and movies 3:18Sports-going 2:48“Other” arts and entertainment 2:42Performing arts attendance 2:36Arts/crafts 2:30Museum-going 2:24Write for personal interest 1:36Use computer for leisure 1:30Read for personal interest 1:24
TIME SPENT ON SELECTED CULTURAL ACTIVITIES How long?
Source: American Time Use Survey, 2003-2009
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Percent of Americans doing the activity with
friendsPerforming arts attendance 41%Sports-going 33%Movie-going 31%Other arts and entertainment 23%Museum-going 19%Arts/crafts 5%Watch TV and movies 5%Use computer for leisure 2%Write for personal interest 1%Read for personal interest <1%
TIME SPENT ON SELECTED CULTURAL ACTIVITIES With whom?
Source: American Time Use Survey, 2003-2009
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•Social Capital
-Performing arts attendees are 3.5 times more likely than non-attendees to volunteer in their communities
-Regardless of education, gender, or age, performing arts attendance boosts the likelihood of volunteering by 25 percentage points
-1.6 million Americans volunteer primarily or secondarily with arts organizations, and 7.1 million provide “free artistic services” to non-arts groups
(Source: Nichols et al., NEA Research Notes #94 and #95, 2007)
Value as Expressed by
• Measures of subjective well-being have recently gained credence
(Stiglitz and Sen)
•Alan Krueger and the National Institute on Aging
(Scale of 0-6)4.3 happiness score for listening to music2.7 happiness score for doing homework
•Special considerations for arts participation
Happiness Surveys
Other Models, Other Measures
•Economic Impact Studies(New spending, indirect spending/multipliers)
•Contingent Valuation Studies(Willingness to pay)
•Hedonic Housing Price Models(Proximity to arts and culture)
•Cultural Asset Clusters(Social and economic development)