Time 2 Agriculture and Consumption Survey...Time 2 Agriculture and Consumption Survey Time 2...

Time 2 Agriculture and Consumption Survey

Time 2 Agriculture survey 1

Data Set Name: t2ag Unit of observation: household Number of observations: 2037 Number of variables: 331 Unique identifier: hhid Response rate: 98.4% Data format: sas for windows Sample: * Observation length: 2512 File structure: rectangular Data collection: August 2001 – January 2002 Date of last edits: 8/10/12 Related publications: *Barber, Jennifer S., Ganesh P. Shivakoti, William G. Axinn, and Kishor Gajurel. 1997. "Sampling Strategies for Rural Settings: A Detailed Example from Chitwan Valley Family Study, Nepal." Nepal Population Journal 6(5):193-203.



Data Descriptions: In Time 1 but removed from Time 2: Bariland and khet irrigation canal names (BAA8 and BAA16), current crops grown in fields (BAA19, BAA19A-E), khet or bari land on which crops are being grown (BAA22, BAA28, BAA34, BAA40), use of tractors for plowing (BAA24, BAA30, BAA36, BAA42), bigha and kattha land area of current crops (BAA21A and BAA21B, BAA27A and BAA27B, BAA33A and BAA33B, BAA39A and BAA39B), bigha and kattha khet area of current crops (BAA23A and BAA23B, BAA29A and BAA29B, BAA35A and BAA35B, BAA41A and BAA41B), past livestock (BAB26), how past livestock were fed (BAB27), where past livestock were grazed (BAB28 and BAB28A), past fodder collection (BAB29), past fodder collection location, distance, and mode of transport (BAB30, BAB30A, BAB32, and BAB31A-D), past loans for farming (BAC32 and BAC33), third and forth farm implements owned (BAC18C and BAC18D), past firewood collection (BAE26), proportion of firewood bought (BAE27), past firewood collection location, distance, and mode of transport (BAE28, BAE30, and BAE29A-E). Record of day, month, and year of the interview (BAINTDA, BAINTMO, and BAINTYR) were included in the Time 1 dataset and codebook, but not those for Time 2. Interviewer checkpoints for crops two, three, and four (BAA25, BAA31, and BAA37) were included in the Time 1 dataset and codebook, but not those for Time 2. Time 2 only includes age and gender measures of up to four respondents, eliminating the fifth measure found in Time 1 (BAAGE5 and BAGNDR5) Group Quarters is only measured in Time 1 (GQ) Section D found in Time 1 is entirely removed in Time 2. In Time 2: Record of Time 1 date of interview, household id, neighborhood id, and household id are kept in Time 2 (T1_DATE, T1_HOUSEID, T1_NEIGHID, and T1_HHID), replacing the Time 1 measure of neighborhood id (NEIGHID). Time 2 logistical measures of interview pre-edit and post-post edit time (T2PRTIME and T2PSTIME), interview data (T2_DATE), household and neighborhood ids (T2_HOUSEID, T2_HHID, and T2_NEIGHID), and place of interview (T2_PLACE) were added. Presence and amount of hired labor (T2A20 and T2A21), exchange of labor for farming and amount of exchanged labor (T2A22 and T2A23), use and frequency of tractor plowing (T2A24 and T2A25), use of chemical fertilizer (T2A26), purchase of seeds (T2A28), use of pesticides, herbicides or fungicides (T2A29), proportion of crops sold (T2A30), bigha and kattha total bari land owned (T2A10_2A and T2A10_2B), bigha and kattha total khet land owned (T2A18_2A and T2A18_2B), amount of chemical fertilizer used (T2A27A, T2A27B, T2A27_1, and T2A27_2), bigha and kattha of total land owned (T2A53A and T2A53B), telephone ownership and when acquired (T2C32 and T2C33), sewing machine ownership and when acquired (T2C34 and T2C35), vcr ownership and when acquired (T2C36 and T2C37), scooter ownership and when acquired (T2C38 and T2C39), computer ownership and when acquired (T2C40 and T2C41), camera ownership and when acquired (T2C42 and T2C43), gas stove and when acquired (T2C44 and T2C45), refrigerator ownership and when acquired (T2C46 and T2C47), rice cooker ownership and when acquired (T2C48 and T2C49), electric fan ownership and when acquired (T2C50 and T2C51), iron ownership and when acquired (T2C52 and T2C53), other electrical appliances (T2C54 and T2C55), permanent or temporary toilet and when acquired (T2C29A and T2C29B), electricity availability and when acquired (T2C30A), ownership and number of bicycles (T2C5A).



Interviewer checkpoints of ownership arrangements of bari (T2A10_1, T1A10_2A, T2A10_2B) and khet (T2A18_1, T1A18_2A, T2A18_2B) land used for farming were added to Time 2. Time 1 measures of other activities on land not used for farming (BAA52A and BAA52B) were changed to one measure (T2A52) in Time 2. Time 1 measures of type and number of other farm animals (BAB12AA and BAB12AB) were expanded into possible responses to type and number of three other farm animals (T2B12A_1 and T2B12A_2, T2B12B_1 and T2B12B_2, T2B12C_1 and T2B12C_2). The Time 1 measure of other drinking water collection sources (BAC26F) was removed and additional drinking water collection source responses were added to Time 2 (T2C26E, T2C26F, T2C26G, T2C26H, and T2C26I). Time 2 Section G is a new addition. Time 1 Section G measures of type of house (BAG1), number of house stories (BAG2), wall materials (BAG3), roof materials (BAG4), and floor materials (BAG5) are found in the new Time 2 Section H (T2H1, T2H2, T2H3, T2H4, and T2H5) as well as a new measure of what type of well the respondent has (T2H6). Time 1 measures of what insects, pests, or diseases attacked the respondents’ paddy, maize, wheat, and mustard fields three years ago (BAF3A-D) were changed to measures of no damage, disease damage, insect damage, bird damage, rodent damage, wild animal damage, or other damage to paddy fields (T2F3A_0-97), maize fields (TE2F3B_0-97), wheat fields (T2F3C_0-97), and mustard fields respectively (T2F3D_0-97).



T1_DATE Nepalese date of interview at Time 1 (1996) [2 digit year-2 digit month-2 digit day] Time 1 interview [530330-530910] 1686 date (1996) .A Inappropriate 351 T1_HHID Time 1 five digit household id Time-1 HHID 5 digits

[00101-15108]

1686

.A Inappropriate 351 T2_HHID Time 2 five digit household id Time-2 HHID 5 digits

[00101-15112]

2037

T2_HOUSEID Household ID at Time 2 (2001) Time 2 household ID

[01-60] 2037

T1_HOUSEID Household ID 1 at Time 1 (1996) Time 1 household ID (1996)

[01-25] 1686

.A Inappropriate 351 T2_NEIGHID Neighborhood ID at Time 2 (2001) neighborhood ID [001-151] 2037 T1_NEIGHID Neighborhood ID at Time 1 (1996) neighborhood ID [001-151] 1686 .A Inappropriate 351 T2_PLACE Place of interview at Time 2 place of iw [001-151] Neighborhood ID 1688 502 Within Chitwan District, outside

selected neighborhood 276

503 Gorkha District 3 504 Lamjung District - 505 Kaski District 4 506 Tanahun District 1 507 Dhading District - 508 Baglung District 1 509 Nuwakot District 1 510 Other District 63 T2PRSN # Respondents participating in household survey # of respondents 1 1644 2 362



3 27 4 4 T2GNDR1 Gender of respondent 1. gender resp1 0 Male 688 1 Female 1349 T2GNDR2 Gender of respondent 2. gender resp2 0 Male 215 1 Female 178 .A Inappropriate

(PRSN<2) 1644

T2GNDR3 Gender of respondent 3. gender resp3 0 Male 20 1 Female 11 .A Inappropriate

(PRSN<3) 2006

T2GNDR4 Gender of respondent 4. gender resp4 0 Male 3 1 Female 1 .A Inappropriate

(PRSN<4) 2033

T2AGE1 Age of respondent 1. age resp1 [14-92] 2037 T2AGE2 Age of respondent 2. age resp2 [14-85] 393 .A Inappropriate

(PRSN<2) 1644

T2AGE3 Age of respondent 3. age resp3 [15-75] 31 .A Inappropriate

(PRSN<3) 2006

T2AGE4 Age of respondent 4. age resp4 22

27 60 71

1 1 1 1

.A Inappropriate (PRSN<4)

2033



T2INTRVR Interviewer interviewer [1-42] 2037 T2INTNO Interview number int # [1-162] 2037 T2PRTIME Pre-edit time Pre-edit time (min) [1-20] Minutes 2037 T2SUPER Supervisor supervisor 29 361 35 863 42 813 T2INTIME Interview time interview time (min) [10-68] Minutes 2037 T2PSTIME Post-edit time Post-edit time (min) [5-65] Minutes 2037 T2OFEDIT Office edit office edit 16 700 42 189 60 1148 T2_DATE Time 2 interview date Time 2 iw date [570720-

590219] 2037

Section A Farming

Time 2 Agriculture survey – Section A 4

T2A1 Does your household do any farming? any farming 1 Yes 1586 0 No → Go to A43 451 T2A2 On how many sites or parcels of farmland does your household farm? # parcels 1 682 2 532 3 251 4 81 5 23 6 9 7 6 8 2 .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 451 T2A3 Do you farm any bariland where you cannot grow rice? any bariland/no rice 1 Yes 991 0 No → Go to A11 595 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 451

T2A4 (use T2A4a- T2A4b)

How much of this bariland do you have?

T2A4a bigha bariland bigha 0 823 1 127 2 32 3 6 4 3 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 1046

.D Don’t know - T2A4b kattha bariland kattha [0-19] 991 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 1046

.D - T2A5 Of the total parcels of bariland where you cannot grow rice, can any of them be

irrigated? irrigatable bari 1 Yes 280 0 No → Go to A10 710 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 1046

. No response 1

Section A Farming



What is the area of your bariland that can be irrigated?

T2A6a bigha irrig bari bigha 0 229 1 42 2 8 4 1 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 or T2A5=0

1756

.D Don’t know - . No response 1 T2A6b kattha irrig bari kattha [0-18] 280 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 or T2A5=0

1756

.D Don’t know . No response 1 T2A7 Is your bariland irrigated by canal, pumpset, or some other means? bari irrig mthd 1 Canal 154 2 Pumpset 113 97 Other (boring, run-off) 14 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 or T2A5=0

1756

T2A9 Can the bariland be irrigated only during monsoons, or can it be irrigated during

other seasons as well? irrig bari monsoon 1 Monsoon only 231 2 Monsoon & other seasons 50 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 or T2A5=0

1756

T2A10 (use T2A10a- T2A10g)

Does your household own the land, is it sharecropped, is it mortgaged, is it on contract to you, are you the tenant of the land or are there some other arrangements?

T2A10a household own bari 1 Yes 882 0 No 109 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 1046

T2A10b sharecropped share bari crop 1 Yes 148 0 No 843 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 1046

Section A Farming


T2A10c mortgaged mortgage bari 1 Yes 54 0 No 937 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 1046

T2A10d on contract contract bari 1 Yes 22 0 No 969 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 1046

T2A10e rented out tenant bari 1 Yes - 0 No 991 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 1046

T2A10f other other bari 1 Yes 6 0 No 985 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 1046

T2A10g family own family held bari 1 Yes 7 0 No 984 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 1046

T2A10_1 Interviewer’s checkpoint, check against A10 1 Respondent farmed his

own land and other’s land → Go to

T2A10_2 121

2 All other responses → Go to T2A11

870

.A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or T2A3=0

1046

T2A10_2 (use T2A10_2a- T2A10_2b)

How much total bari land do you own?

T2A10_2a Bari owned (bigha)

bigha 0 109

1 11 2 1 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 or T2A10_1=2

1916

.D Don’t know - T2A10_2b kattha Bari owned (kattha) [0-18] 121 .A Inappropriate 1916

Section A Farming


T2A1=0 or T2A3=0 or T2A10_1=2

.D Don’t know - T2A11 Do you farm any khet land? any khet 1 Yes 1300 0 No → Go to A19 286 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 451


What is the area of your khet land only?

T2A12a bigha khet bigha [0-9] 1300 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 737

.D Don’t know - T2A12b kattha khet kattha [0-19] 1300 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 737

.D Don’t know - T2A13 Of the total parcels of khet land that you farm, can any of them be irrigated? irrigatable khet 1 Yes 1123 0 No → Go to A18 176 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 737

. No response 1 T2A14 (use T2A14a- T2A14b)

What is the area of irrigated khet land that you farm?

T2A14a bigha irrig khet bigha [0-9] 1122 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 or T2A13=0

913

.D Don’t know 1 . No response 1 T2A14b kattha irrig khet kattha [0-19.5] 1122 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 or T2A13=0

913

.D Don’t know 1 . No response 1 T2A15 Is the khet land that you farm irrigated by canal, pumpset, or some other means? khet irrig mthd 1 Canal 966 2 Pumpset 108

Section A Farming


3 Rainfed 13 4 Ghol 25 5 Stream water 3 6 Natural spring 4 7 Water comes itself 4 8 Well 1 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 or T2A13=0

913

T2A17 Can the khet land that you farm be irrigated only during monsoons or can it we

irrigated during other seasons as well? irrig khet monsoon 1 Monsoon only 965 2 Monsoon & other seasons 158 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 or T2A13=0

913

.D Don’t know 1 T2A18 (use T2A18a- T2A18g)

Does your household own the land, is it sharecropped, is it mortgaged, is it on contract to you, are you the tenant of the land or are there some other arrangements?

T2A18a household own khet 1 Yes 1036 0 No 264 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 737

T2A18b sharecropped sharecrop khet 1 Yes 330 0 No 970 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 737

T2A18c mortgaged mortgage khet 1 Yes 122 0 No 1178 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 737

T2A18d on contract contract khet 1 Yes 68 0 No 1232 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 737

T2A18e rented out tenant khet 1 Yes - 0 No 1300 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 737

T2A18f other other khet 1 Yes 9

Section A Farming


0 No 1291 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 737

T2A18g family own family held khet 1 Yes 5 0 No 1295 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 737

T2A18_1 Interviewer’s checkpoint, check against A18 1 Respondent farmed his

own land and other’s land → Go to

A18_2 236

2 All other responses → Go to A19 1064 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 737

T2A18_2 (use T2A18_2a – T2A18_2b)

How much total khet land do you own?

T2A18_2a bigha Khet owned (bigha) 0 189 1 40 2 7 .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 or T2A18_1=2 1801

.D Don’t know - T2A18_2b kattha Khet owned (kattha) [0-19.5] 236 .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 or T2A18_1=2 1801

.D Don’t know - T2A19 (use T2A19a-T2A19o)

Now let’s talk about your farming last year. Since last year to now, what were the main crops you cultivated?

T2A19a Rice 0 No 170 1 Yes 1416 .A Inappropriate 451 T2A19b Maize 0 No 130 1 Yes 1456 .A Inappropriate 451 T2A19c Wheat 0 No 1021 1 Yes 565 .A Inappropriate 451 T2A19d Finger millet 0 No 1527

Section A Farming


1 Yes 59 .A Inappropriate 451 T2A19e Mustard 0 No 1117 1 Yes 469 .A Inappropriate 451 T2A19f Lentils 0 No 1104 1 Yes 482 .A Inappropriate 451 T2A19g – T3A19o Other crops [0-70] See appendix .A Inappropriate T2A20 Since…(month)……last year, did you hire labor for farming? Hire labor 1 Yes 1077 0 No → Go to A22 509 .A Inappropriate

T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 451

T2A21 Of the total labor, was hired labor less than half, about half, more than half, or was

all of your labor hired? How much labor 1 Less than half 148 hired 2 About half 298 3 More than half 177 4 All → Go to A24 454 .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 or T2A20=0 960

T2A22 Since…(month)……last year, did you exchange labor for farming? Exchange labor 1 Yes 810 0 No → Go to A24 322 .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 or T2A21=4 905

T2A23 Of the total labor, was exchanged labor less than half, about half, more than half,

or was all of your labor exchange labor? How much labor 1 Less than half 211 exchanged 2 About half 354 3 More than half 72 4 All 172 .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 or T2A21=4 or T2A22=0

1227

.D Don’t know 1 T2A24 Since…(month)……last year, did you use a tractor for plowing land?

Section A Farming


Tractor use 1 Yes 1440 0 No → Go to A26 146 .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 451

T2A25 Since…(month)……last year, how many times did you use a tractor for plowing

land? Times tractor used [1-25] 1436 .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 or T2A24=0 597

.D Don’t know 4 T2A26 Since…(month)……last year, did you apply chemical fertilizer to your crops? Chemical fertilizer 1 Yes 1256 use 0 No → Go to A28 330 .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 451

T2A27A Since…(month)……last year, how much total chemical fertilizer did you apply on

your crops? Amount chemical 1-2000 Kg 799 fertilizer used (kg) .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 or T2A26=0 or T2A27B=bags

1231

.D Don’t know 7 T2A27B Since…(month)……last year, how much total chemical fertilizer did you apply on

your crops? Amount chemical 1-15 bags → Go to A27_1 450 fertilizer used (bags) .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 or T2A26=0 or T2A27A=kg or .D

1587

.D Don’t know - T2A27_1 Was that bag a 50 kg bag or not? 50kg bag 1 Yes 439 0 No → Go to

A27_2 7

.A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 or T2A26=0 or T2A27A=kg or .D

1587

.D Don’t know 4 T2A27_2 How many kgs were the bags? Kgs per bag 20 Kg 1 25 Kg 1 30 Kg 1 60 Kg 1 70 Kg 1 75 Kg 1 100 Kg 1

Section A Farming


.A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or T2A11=0 or T2A26=0 or T2A27A=kg or .D or T2A27_1=1

2026

.D Don’t know 4 T2A28 Since…(month)……last year, did you buy any seeds? Buy seeds 1 Yes 559 0 No 1027 .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 451

T2A29 Since…(month)……last year, did you apply any pesticides, herbicides or

fungicides to your crops? Pesticide, herbicide, 1 Yes 332 or fungicide use 0 No 1253 .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 451

.D Don’t know 1 T2A30 Since…(month)……last year, of the crops you harvested did you keep most of it,

keep half and sell half, or sell most of it? Amount crops kept 1 Kept all 871 and sold 2 Kept most 339 3 Kept half and sold half 277 4 Sold most 96 97 Other 3 .A Inappropriate T2A1=0 or

T2A11=0 451

T2A43 Does your household own the land where you have your house now? Own home land 1 Yes 1679 0 No 358 T2A44 Are you currently renting out any parcels of your land to others for farming? rent out land 1 Yes 336 0 No → Go to A47 1700 .D Don’t know 1 T2A45 How many parcels of land have you rented out to others for farming? # parcels rented 1 236 2 70 3 21 4 6 5 1 6 2 .A Inappropriate

T2A44=0 1700

.D Don’t know 1

Section A Farming



What is the total area of land you rented out to others for farming?

T2A46a bigha rented bigha [0-32] 333 .A Inappropriate T2A44=0 1700 .D Don’t know 4 T2A46b kattha rented kattha [0-18] 333 .A Inappropriate

T2A44=0 1700

.D Don’t know 4 T2A47 Do you have any land being used for other activities such as an orchard or a tree

plantation, a fishpond, a grass plantation, or land set aside for and business or enterprises?

non-crop land 1 Yes 170 0 No → Go to A53 1867 T2A48 (use T2A48a- T2A48b)

Of the total land that you do not farm but set aside for other purposes, how much is used for orchard and tree plantation?

T2A48a bigha orchard bigha 0 161 1 5 2 2 3 1 .A Inappropriate

T2A47=0 1867

.D Don’t know 1 T2A48b kattha orchard kattha [0-15] 169 .A Inappropriate

T2A47=0 1867

.D Don’t know 1 T2A49 (use T2A49a- T2A49b)

Apart from the land that you live on, how much land do you have that is taken up by other houses or businesses, such as poultry houses, shelters, fish ponds, or other enterprises?

T2A49a bigha resid/enterprise bigha

0 165 1 2

2 1 3 1 .A Inappropriate T2A47=0 1867 .D Don’t know 1 T2A49b kattha resid/enterprise kattha

[0-15] 169 .A Inappropriate T2A47=0 1867

.D Don’t know 1

Section A Farming



Of the total land that you do not farm but have used for other purposes, how much of this could be farmed but has been left fallow by you?

T2A50a bigha fallow bigha 0 168 1 1 2 1 .A Inappropriate T2A47=0 1867 T2A50b kattha fallow kattha [0-12] 170 .A Inappropriate T2A47=0 1867 T2A51 Are you doing any other activities on the land that you currently are not farming? other land use 1 Yes 6 0 No → Go to A53 164 .A Inappropriate T2A47=0 1867 T2A52 What other activities are you doing on this land? other land use 1 1 Khar (thatch grass/kans) 3 3 Other grasses 1 97 Other 2 .A Inappropriate

T2A47=0 or T2A51=0 2031


How much total land do you own?

T2A53a bigha Bigha [0-33] 2023 .D Don’t know 13 . No response given 1 T2A53b kattha Kattha [0-19.85] 2023 .D Don’t know 13 . No response given 1

Section B Livestock

Time 2 Agriculture survey – Section B 15

T2B1 Does your household raise chickens, ducks, or pigeons? any chickens, ducks 1 Yes 799 0 No → Go to B4 1238 T2B2 How many chickens and ducks do you have? # chickens, ducks 0 62 [1-10000] 799 .A Inappropriate

T2B1=0 1238

T2B3 How many pigeons do you have? any pigeons 0 655 [1-100] 799 .A Inappropriate T2B1=0 1238 T2B4 Does your household raise livestock? any livestock 1 Yes Go to

Section C 1444

0 No → 592 .D Don’t know 1 T2B5 How many bullocks does your household have? # bullocks 0 1096 1 58 2 268 3 13 4 8 5 2 .A Inappropriate T2B4=0 592 T2B6 How many cows does your household have? # cows 0 1072 1 184 2 118 3 33 4 15 5 7 6 9 7 3 10 2 12 1 20 1 .A Inappropriate T2B4=0 592 T2B7 How many male buffaloes does your household have? # he-buffaloes 0 1277 1 97 2 66

Section B Livestock


3 4 4 1 .A Inappropriate T2B4=0 592 T2B8 How many female buffaloes does your household have? # she buffaloes 0 406 [1-9] 1445 .A Inappropriate T2B4=0 592 T2B9 How many sheep and goats does your household have? # sheep, goats 0 459 [1-17] 1444 .A Inappropriate T2B4=0 592 .D Don’t know 1 T2B10 How many pigs does your household have? # pigs 0 1400 1 29 2 10 3 4 5 1 10 1 .A Inappropriate T2B4=0 592 T2B11 Does your household have any other farm animals other than those you have

already mentioned above? any other animals 1 Yes 5 0 No → Go to B13 1440 .A Inappropriate T2B4=0 592 T2B12A_1 Type of first other animal Type 1st oth animal 1 Rabbit 3 3 Other 2 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B11=0 2032

T2B12A_2 Number of first other animals # 1st oth animal 1 3 5 2 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B11=0 2032

T2B12B_1 Type of second other animal Type 2nd oth animal 3 Other 1 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B11=0 2036

T2B12B_2 Number of second other animal # 2nd oth animal 1 1

Section B Livestock


.A Inappropriate T2B4=0 or T2B11=0

2036

T2B12C_1 Type of third other animal Type 3rd oth animal 2 Peacock 1 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B11=0 2036

T2B12C_2 Number of third other animal # 3rd oth animal 3 1 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B11=0 2036

T2B13 How does your household keep farmyard manure? Is it kept in a pit, a heap, or is it

kept by some other method? manure mngmt 1 Pit 928 2 Heap/pile 494 3 Throw in field 5 4 Collect and spread in field - 5 Do not do anything - 97 Other 17 .A Inappropriate T2B4=0 592 . No response given 1 T2B14 At the present moment, how do you feed your livestock? Are they stall fed, grazed,

or both? feed livestock 1 Stall feed → Go to B16 1288 2 Grazed 68 3 Both 89 .A Inappropriate T2B4=0 592 T2B15 Where do you usually graze your livestock? Is it on cultivated (khet and bari) land,

common land, or some other place? where graze 1 Farm land 65 2 Common land 37 3 Forest 51 97 Other 4 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B14=1 1880

T2B16 How do you obtain the fodder needed to feed your livestock? Do you buy all of it,

more than half of it, about half of it, less than half of it, or none of it? buy fodder 1 Buy all → Go to

Section C 81

2 Buy more than half 85 3 Buy half 346 4 Buy less than half 203 0 Buy none 730 .A Inappropriate T2B4=0 592

Section B Livestock


T2B17 Where do you usually go to collect fodder? Do you go to cultivated (khet and bari) land, common land, forest land, or some other place?

where collect fodder 1 Farm land 1057 2 Common land 56 3 Forest 201 97 Other 41 .A Inappropriate T2B4=0 or

T2B16=1 673

. No response given 9 T2B18 Do children from your household who are 15 years old or younger collect fodder? kids collect fodder 1 Yes 339 0 No → Go to B20 1025 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B16=1 673

. No response given - T2B19 How many children from your household who are 15 years old or younger collect

fodder? # kids fodder 1 120 2 149 3 46 4 17 5 4 6 3 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B16=1 or T2B18=0

1698

T2B20 Do women from your household collect fodder? women collect 1 Yes 1260 fodder 0 No → Go to B22 104 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B16=1 673

. No response given - T2B21 How many women from your household collect fodder? # women fodder 1 810 2 326 3 96 4 22 5 6 .A Inappropriate T2B4=0 or

T2B16=1 or T2B20=0 777

T2B22 Do men from your household collect fodder? men collect fodder 1 Yes 643 0 No → Go to B24 721

Section B Livestock


.A Inappropriate T2B4=0 or T2B16=1

673

T2B23 How many men from your household collect fodder? # men fodder 1 496 2 118 3 24 4 4 5 1 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B16=1 or T2B22=0

1394

T2B24(use T2B24a-T2B24d)

At the present moment, does your household transport fodder on foot, by bicycle, by cart, by tractor, or by some other means?

T2B24a Foot fodder on foot 1 Yes 1334 0 No 21 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B16=1 673

. No response given 9 T2B24b Bike fodder on bike 1 Yes 181 0 No 1174 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B16=1 673

. No response given 9 T2B24c cart fodder on cart 1 Yes 17 0 No 1338 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B16=1 673

. No response given 9 T2B24d other fodder otr means 1 Yes 6 0 No 1349 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B16=1 673

. No response given 9 T2B25 Currently, how long does it take to travel to the place where the fodder is, collect it,

and then bring it home (in minutes)? time to fodder [1-540] Minutes 1353 .D Don’t know 4 .A Inappropriate

T2B4=0 or T2B16=1 673

. No response given 7

Section C Household Items

Time 2 Agriculture survey – Section C 20

T2C1 Do you have a radio in your house? Radio 1 Yes 964 0 No → Go to C3 1073 T2C2 How many years ago did you first get a radio? yrs radio [1-60] 957 .A Inappropriate T2C1=0 1073 .D Don’t know 2 . No response given 5 T2C3 Do you have a television (TV) in your house? Tv 1 Yes 856 0 No → Go to C5 1181 T2C4 How many years ago did you first get a television? yrs tv [1-25] 856 .A Inappropriate T2C3=0 1181 T2C5 Does your household have a bicycle? Bike 1 Yes 1417 0 No → Go to C7 620 T2C5a How many bicycles do you have? Number of bicycles 1 1119 2 256 3 31 4 9 5 1 99 More than 100 1 .A Inappropriate T2C5=0 620 T2C6 How many years ago did you first get a bicycle? yrs bike [1-50] 1408 .A Inappropriate T2C5=0 620 .D Don’t know 5 . No response given 4 T2C7 Does your household have a motorcycle? Motorcycle 1 Yes 151 0 No → Go to C9 1886



T2C8 How many years ago did you first get a motorcycle? yrs motorcycle [1-23] 151 .A Inappropriate T2C7=0 1886 T2C9 Does your household have a cart? Cart 1 Yes 112 0 No → Go to C11 1925 T2C10 How many years ago did you first get a cart? yrs cart [1-50] 111 .A Inappropriate

T2C9=0 1925

.D Don’t know 1 T2C11 Does your household have a tractor? Tractor 1 Yes 24 0 No → Go to C13 2013 T2C12 How many years ago did you first get a tractor? yrs tractor 1 7 2 3 3 5 4 3 5 1 6 1 10 2 11 1 12 1 .A Inappropriate

T2C11=0 2013

T2C13 Do you have a pumpset for irrigation? Pumpset 1 Yes 110 0 No → Go to C15 1927 T2C14 How many years ago did you first get a pumpset? yrs pumpset [1-25] 110 .A Inappropriate

T2C13=0 1927

T2C15 Does your household have a gobar gas plant? gobar gas 1 Yes 170 0 No → Go to C17 1867



T2C16 How many years ago did you first get a gobar gas plant? yrs gobar gas [1-30] 170 .A Inappropriate

T2C15=0 1867

T2C17 Does your household have a thresher, chaff cutter, sprayer, corn sheller, or and

other kinds of farm tools? any farm implements

1 Yes 182 0 No → Go to C19 1855

T2C18 (use T2C18a-T2C18b)

What are these tools?

T2C18a implement 1 1 Corn sheller 155 2 Chaff cutter 9 3 Sprayer 16 4 Thresher 2 .A Inappropriate T2C17=0 1855 T2C18b implement 2 1 Corn sheller 4 2 Chaff cutter 4 3 Sprayer 3 4 Thresher 1 .A Inappropriate T2C17=0 2025 T2C19 Do you have your own drinking water source, such as a tap or well? drinking water 1 Yes 1483 Source 0 No → Go to C25 554 T2C20 (use T2C20a-T2C20f)

Is that source a tubewell, a metered tap, a well, a stream or river, or some other type of source?

T2C20a Tubewell own tubewell 1 Yes 1260 0 No 223 .A Inappropriate T2C19=0 554 T2C20b Boring well own boring well 1 Yes 23 0 No 1460 .A Inappropriate T2C19=0 554 T2C20c Metered tap own metered tap 1 Yes 59 0 No 1424 .A Inappropriate T2C19=0 554 T2C20d Well own well 1 Yes 365 0 No 1118 .A Inappropriate T2C19=0 554



T2C20e Stream/river own stream/river 1 Yes 3 0 No 1480 .A Inappropriate T2C19=0 554 T2C20f Others own others 1 Yes 78

0 No 1405 .A Inappropriate T2C19=0 554 T2C21 Can you obtain water from these sources during the dry season? water in dry season 1 Yes → Go to C28 1453 0 No 30 .A Inappropriate T2C19=0 554 .D Don’t know - T2C22 Where do you go to collect water during the dry season? where water in dry season

1 Immediate neighbor (inside neighborhood)

15

2 Common source (inside neighborhood)

5

3 Immediate neighbor (outside neighborhood)

1

4 Common source (outside neighborhood)

4

5 Natural source (outside neighborhood)

5

.A Inappropriate T2C19=0 or T2C21=1

2007

T2C23 (use T2C23a-T2C23f)

Is that source a tubewell, a boring well, a metered tap, a well, a stream or river, or some other type of source?

T2C23a tubewell tubewell (dry season)

1 Yes 21 0 No 9


2007

T2C23b boring well boring well (dry season)

1 Yes 3 0 No 27


2007

T2C23c metered tap metered tap (dry season)

1 Yes 1 0 No 29


2007

T2C23d well



well (dry season) 1 Yes 3 0 No 27 .A Inappropriate

T2C19=0 or T2C21=1 2007

T2C23e stream/river stream/river (dry season)

1 Yes 1 0 No 29


2007

T2C23f other otr water source (dry season)

1 Yes 4 0 No 26


2007

T2C24 How long does it take to go there, collect the water, and come back? min to dry season water

[1-120] Minutes → Go to C28 29 .A Inappropriate

T2C19=0 or T2C21=1 2007

.D Don’t know 1 T2C25 Where does your household go to collect drinking water? where water 1 Immediate neighbor

(inside neighborhood) 217

2 Common source (inside neighborhood)

145

3 Immediate neighbor (outside neighborhood)

91

4 Common source (outside neighborhood)

92

5 Natural source (outside neighborhood)

8

.A Inappropriate T2C21=1 or T2C24=1-120 or T2C24=.D

1483

. No response given 1 T2C26 (use T2C26a-T2C26f)

Is that source a tubewell, a boring well, a metered tap, a well, a river or stream, or some other type of source?

T2C26a tubewell own tubewell 1 Yes 439 0 No 115 .A Inappropriate T2C21=1 or

T2C24=1-120 or T2C24=.D

1483

T2C26b boring well own boring well 1 Yes 5 0 No 549



.A Inappropriate T2C21=1 or T2C24=1-120 or T2C24=.D

1483

T2C26c metered tap own metered tap 1 Yes 20 0 No 534 .A Inappropriate T2C21=1 or

T2C24=1-120 or T2C24=.D

1483

T2C26d well own well 1 Yes 105 0 No 449 .A Inappropriate T2C21=1 or

T2C24=1-120 or T2C24=.D

1483

T2C26e stream/river own stream/river 1 Yes 15 0 No 539 .A Inappropriate T2C21=1 or

T2C24=1-120 or T2C24=.D

1483

T2C26f Motor own motor 1 Yes 9

0 No 545 .A Inappropriate T2C21=1 or

T2C24=1-120 or T2C24=.D

1483

T2C26g Water tank own water tank 1 Yes 5 0 No 548 .A

Inappropriate T2C21=1 or T2C24=1-120 or T2C24=.D

1483

. No response given 1 T2C26h Pipe tap own pipe tap from 1 Yes 8 natural source 0 No 545 .A

Inappropriate T2C21=1 or T2C24=1-120 or T2C24=.D

1483

. No response given 1 T2C26I Irrigation canal irrigation Canal 1 Yes 1 0 No 552 .A Inappropriate T2C21=1 or

T2C24=1-120 or T2C24=.D

1483



. No response 1 T2C27 How long does it take to go there, collect the water, and come back (in minutes)? min to water [0-480] Minutes 551 .A Inappropriate

T2C21=1 or T2C24=1-120 or T2C24=.D

1483

.D Don’t know 1 . No response 2 T2C28 Do you have a toilet in your house? Toilet 1 Yes 1458 0 No → Go to C30 579 T2C29 Is the toilet inside or outside your house? toilet in/out 1 Inside 158 2 Outside 1299 .A Inappropriate T2C28=0 579 . No response 1 T2C29a Is the toilet a permanent or temporary structure? Toilet structure 1 Permanent 865 2 Temporary 593 .A Inappropriate T2C28=0 579 T2C29b How many years ago did you first get a toilet? Yrs toilet [1-46] 1413 .A Inappropriate T2C28=0 579 .D Don’t know 27 . No response 18 T2C30 Do you have electricity in your house? Electricity 1 Yes 1731 0 No → Go to C31 306 T2C30a How many years ago did you first get electricity? Yrs electricity [1-33] 1699 .A Inappropriate T2C30=0 306 .D Don’t know 26 . No response 6 T2C31 (use T2C31a-T2C31g)

What heating sources do you use in your house for cooking?

T2C31a wood cooking w/wood 1 Yes 1717 0 No 319 . No response 1 T2C31b electricity



cooking w/elec 1 Yes 56 0 No 1980 . No response 1 T2C31c gas cooking w/gas 1 Yes 323 0 No 1713 . No response 1 T2C31d biogas cooking w/biogas 1 Yes 157 0 No 1879 . No response 1 T2C31e sawdust cooking w/sawdust 1 Yes 155 0 No 1881 . No response 1 T2C31f kerosene cooking w/ kero 1 Yes 536 0 No 1500 . No response 1 T2C31g other cooking w/otr fuel 1 Yes 11 0 No 2025 . No response 1 T2C32 Do you have a telephone? Telephone 1 Yes 110 0 No → Go to C34 1927 T2C33 How many years ago did you first get a telephone? Yrs telephone [1-43] 110 .A Inappropriate T2C32=0 1927 T2C34 Do you have a sewing machine? Sewing machine 1 Yes 254 0 No → Go to C36 1783 T2C35 How many years ago did you first get a sewing machine? Yrs sewing machine [1-45] 252 .A Inappropriate T2C34=0 1783 .D Don’t know 1 . No response given 1 T2C36 Do you have a VCR? VCR 1 Yes 72



0 No → Go to C38 1965 T2C37 How many years ago did you first get a VCR? Yrs VCR [1-11] 72 .A Inappropriate T2C36=0 1965 T2C38 Do you have a scooter? Scooter 1 Yes 9 0 No → Go to C40 2028 T2C39 How many years ago did you first get a scooter? Yrs scooter 1 3 2 3 3 2 4 1 .A Inappropriate T2C38=0 2028 T2C40 Do you have a computer? Computer 1 Yes 12 0 No → Go to C42 2025 T2C41 How many years ago did you first get a computer? Yrs computer 1 6 2 2 3 1 4 1 5 2 .A Inappropriate T2C40=0 2025 T2C42 Do you have a camera? Camera 1 Yes 266 0 No → Go to C44 1771 T2C43 How many years ago did you first get a camera? Yrs camera [1-30] 266 .A Inappropriate T2C42=0 1771 T2C44 Do you have a gas stove? Gas stove 1 Yes 358 0 No → Go to C46 1679 T2C45 How many years ago did you first get a gas stove? Yrs gas stove [1-21] 358 .A Inappropriate T2C44=0 1679



T2C46 Do you have a refrigerator? Refrigerator 1 Yes 145 0 No → Go to C48 1892 T2C47 How many years ago did you first get a refrigerator? Yrs refrigerator [1-15] 145 .A Inappropriate T2C46=0 1892 T2C48 Do you have an electric rice cooker? Rice cooker 1 Yes 114 0 No → Go to C50 1923 T2C49 How many years ago did you first get an electric rice cooker? Yrs rice cooker [1-15] 114 .A Inappropriate T2C48=0 1923 T2C50 Do you have an electric fan? Electric fan 1 Yes 1065 0 No → Go to C52 972 T2C51 How many years ago did you first get an electric fan? Yrs electric fan [1-33] 1058 .A Inappropriate T2C50=0 972 .D Don’t know 6 . No response 1 T2C52 Do you have an iron? Iron 1 Yes 538 0 No → Go to C54 1499 T2C53 How many years ago did you first get an iron? Yrs iron [1-51] 538 .A Inappropriate T2C52=0 1499 T2C54 Do you have any other electric appliances? Other electric 1 Yes Go to

Section E 168

appliances 0 No → 1869 T2C55 What are those electric appliances [coded as number of other electric appliances]? # other electric 1 127 appliances 2 36 3 2 4 3



.A Inappropriate T2C54=0 1869

Section E Perceptions of Environment

Time 2 Agriculture survey – Section E 31

Interviewer Checkpoint T2E1 In the last 3 years, have you farmed at all? Respondent farms 1 Yes 1669 0 No → Go to E9 368 T2E2 Compared to three years ago, do you think crop production has increased,

decreased, or stayed the same? comp crop prod 3yr 1 Increased 410 Ago 2 Decreased → Go to E5 655 3 Same → Go to E7 555 .D Don’t know 49 .A Inappropriate T2E1=0 368 T2E3 Do you think that production has increased a little, somewhat, or a lot? amt inc crop prod 1 Little 127 3yr ago 2 Somewhat 245 3 A lot 37 .A Inappropriate T2E1=0 or

T2E2=(2,3,.D) 1627

. No response given 1 T2E4 (use T2E4a-T2E4i)

What, in your opinion, are the reasons for this increase in production?

T2E4a Varieties new varieties inc prod

1 Yes 30 0 No 376

.A Inappropriate T2E1=0 or T2E2=(2,3,.D)

1627

.D Don’t know 4 T2E4b Irrigation irrig inc prod 1 Yes 111 0 No 295 .A Inappropriate T2E1=0 or

T2E2=(2,3,.D) 1627

.D Don’t know 4 T2E4c Weather good weather inc prod

1 Yes 37 0 No 369


1627

.D Don’t know 4 T2E4d pest/disease fwr pest/disease inc prod

1 Yes 5 0 No 401


1627

.D Don’t know 4



T2E4e better tools btr tools inc prod 1 Yes 3 0 No 403 .A Inappropriate T2E1=0 or

T2E2=(2,3,.D) 1627

.D Don’t know 4 T2E4f Manure more manure inc prod

1 Yes 265 0 No 141


1627

.D Don’t know 4 T2E4g Chemical fert more chem fert inc prod

1 Yes 128 0 No 278


1627

.D Don’t know 4 T2E4h other otr reason inc prod 1 Yes Go to E7 156 0 No → 250 .A Inappropriate T2E1=0 or

T2E2=(2,3,.D) 1627

.D Don’t know → Go to E7 4 T2E5 Do you think that production has decreased a little, somewhat, or a lot? amt dec crop prod 1 Little 160 3yr ago 2 Somewhat 214 3 A lot 281 .A Inappropriate T2E1=0 or

T2E2=(1,3,.D) 1382

. No response given - T2E6 (use T2E6a-T2E6k)

What, in your opinion, are the reasons for this decrease on production?

T2E6a no irrigation no irrig dec prod 1 Yes 176 0 No 473 .A Inappropriate T2E1=0 or

T2E2=(1,3,.D) 1382

.D Don’t know 6 T2E6b excess water ex water dec prod 1 Yes 76 0 No 573 .A Inappropriate T2E1=0 or

T2E2=(1,3,.D) 1382

.D Don’t know 6



T2E6c bad weather bad weather dec prod

1 Yes 61 0 No 588


1382

.D Don’t know 6 T2E6d pest,disease pest, disease dec prod

1 Yes 133 0 No 516


1382

.D Don’t know 6 T2E6e manure inadeq manure dec prod

1 Yes 333 0 No 316


1382

.D Don’t know 6 T2E6f chemical fert ex chem fert dec prod

1 Yes 18 0 No 631


1382

.D Don’t know 6 T2E6g poor manure poor manure dec prod

1 Yes 13 0 No 636


1382

.D Don’t know 6 T2E6h soil quality soil quality dec prod 1 Yes 66 0 No 583 .A Inappropriate T2E1=0 or

T2E2=(1,3,.D) 1382

.D Don’t know 6 T2E6i other otr reason dec prod 1 Yes 14 0 No 635 .A Inappropriate T2E1=0 or

T2E2=(1,3,.D) 1382

.D Don’t know 6 T2E6j management poor management dec prod

1 Yes 242 0 No 407




1382

.D Don’t know 6 T2E7 In the past 3 years, did you use chemical fertilizers? chemical fertilizer 3yr ago

1 Yes 1349 0 No → Go to E9 320

.A Inappropriate T2E1=0 368 T2E8 Would having the same crop production now that you had 3 years ago require using

less chemical fertilizer, the same amount of chemical fertilizer, or more chemical fertilizer?

need chem fert 1 Little 208 comp 3yr ago 2 Somewhat 620 3 A lot 484 .D Don’t know 32 .A Inappropriate

T2E1=0 or T2E7=0 688

. No response given 5 T2E9 Compared to three years ago, is there a difference in the level of the water table in

your or your neighbor’s well or tubewell? water table comp 1 Yes 521 3yr ago 0 No → Go to E11 1322 .D Don’t know 194 T2E10 Compared to three years ago, has the water level gone down a lot, gone down a

little, risen a little, or risen a lot? tube well comp 3yr 1 Down a lot 82 Ago 2 Down a little 273 3 Risen a little 116 4 Risen a lot 48 .A Inappropriate

T2E9=(0,.D) 1516

. No response 2 T2E11 Compared to three years ago, do you think that the clarity of the water you drink

has changed? clear water comp 1 Yes 523 3yr ago 0 No → Go to E13 1508 .D Don’t know 6 T2E12 Do you think that the water you drink has become a little more clear, much more

clear, a little more unclear, or much more unclear? amt water clear 1 Little clearer 37 comp 3yr ago 2 Much clearer 81 3 Less clear 325 4 Much less clear 80



.A Inappropriate T2E11=(0,.D)

1514

T2E13 Compared to three years ago, have you noticed any other changes in the water you

drink other than what you mentioned previously? water chnge comp 1 Yes 193 3yr ago 0 No → Go to E15 1812 .D Don’t know 32 T2E14 (use T2E14a-T2E14c)

What are these other changes?

T2E14a 1 Bad odor 16 water change 1 2 Tasteless 45 3 Sediments 14 4 Dirty and polluted 37 5 Muddy smell 1 6 Warmer temperature 2 7 Small insects in water 9 8 Salty taste 2 9 Rusty smell 3 10 Earthworms in water - 11 Oily film on water 1 12 Good and tasty 33 13 Cooler temperature 2 97 Others 27 .A Inappropriate

T2E13=(0,.D) 1844

. No response given 1 T2E14b 1 Bad odor 4 water change 2 2 Tasteless 9 3 Sediments 2 4 Dirty and polluted 14 5 Muddy smell 1 6 Warmer temperature 1 7 Small insects in water 1 8 Salty taste - 9 Rusty smell 1 10 Earthworms in water - 11 Oily film on water - 12 Good and tasty 5 13 Cooler temperature 1 97 Others 15 .A Inappropriate

T2E13=(0,.D) 1982

. No response given 1 T2E14c 7 Small insects in water 1 water change 3 9 Smells rusty - .A Inappropriate

T2E13=(0,.D) 2036



T2E15 Do you currently use firewood for any purpose in your home? use firewood 1 Yes 1834 0 No → Go to

Section F 203

T2E16 How do you obtain firewood for your household? Do you buy all of it, buy more

than half of it, buy less than half of it, or buy none of it? buy firewood 1 Buy all → Go to

Section F 460

2 Buy more than half 45 3 Buy half 281 4 Buy less than half 127 0 Buy none 919 .A Inappropriate

T2E15=0 203

. No response given 2 T2E17 Where do you currently go to collect firewood? where firewood 0 Own land 388 [100-221] [see Appendix 3] 968 .A Inappropriate

T2E15=0 or T2E16=1 663

.D Don’t know 5 . No response 13 T2E18 Do children from your household who are 15 years old or younger collect

firewood? kids collect wood 1 Yes 147 0 No → Go to E20 1227 .A Inappropriate

T2E15=0 or T2E16=1 663

T2E19 How many children from your household who are 15 years old or younger collect

firewood? # kids collect wood 1 72 2 51 3 16 4 6 6 1 .A Inappropriate T2E15=0 or

T2E16=1 or T2E18=0 1890

.D Don’t know 1 T2E20 Do women from your household collect firewood? women collect wood 1 Yes 1116 0 No → Go to E22 258 .A Inappropriate

T2E15=0 or T2E16=1 663



T2E21 How many women from your household collect firewood? # women collect 1 777 Wood 2 260 3 57 4 16 5 4 6 1 7 1 .A Inappropriate T2E15=0 or

T2E16=1 or T2E20=0 921

T2E22 Do men from your household collect firewood? men collect wood 1 Yes 857 0 No → Go to E24 517 .A Inappropriate

T2E15=0 or T2E16=1 663

T2E23 How many men from your household collect firewood? # men collect wood 1 658 2 144 3 45 4 6 5 3 7 1 .A Inappropriate T2E15=0 or

T2E16=1 or T2E22=0 1180

T2E24 (use T2E24a- T2E24e)

At the present moment, does your household transport firewood on foot, by bicycle, by cart, by tractor, or by some other means?

T2E24a Foot wood on foot 1 Yes 1259 0 No 102 .A Inappropriate

T2E15=0 or T2E16=1 663

. No response given 13 T2E24b Bike wood on bike 1 Yes 231 0 No 1130 .A Inappropriate

T2E15=0 or T2E16=1 663

. No response given 13 T2E24c Cart wood on cart 1 Yes 66 0 No 1295 .A Inappropriate

T2E15=0 or T2E16=1 663




T2E24d Tractor wood tractor 1 Yes 19 0 No 1342 .A Inappropriate

T2E15=0 or T2E16=1 663

. No response given 13 T2E24e Other wood otr means 1 Yes 30 0 No 1331 .A Inappropriate

T2E15=0 or T2E16=1 663

. No response given 13 T2E25 Currently, how long does it take to travel to the place where the firewood is, collect

it, and then bring it home? time collect wood [1-999] Minutes 1354 .D Don’t know 6 .A Inappropriate

T2E15=0 or T2E16=1 663


Section F Insects, Pests, and Diseases

Time 2 Agriculture survey – Section F 39

T2F1 Interviewer Checkpoint Respondent has farmed in last 3 years. Respondent farms 1 Yes Go to

Section G 1669

0 No → 368 T2F2 In the following questions, I’m going to ask you about pests, and diseases that attack

crops. Three years ago did any diseases, insects, or pests damage the crop that you planted?

pest, disease 3 yr 1 Yes 1533 Ago 0 No → Go to F5 135 .A Inappropriate T2F1=0 368 .D Don’t know 1 T2F3 (use T2F3a_0-T2F3d_97)

For each of your paddy, maize, wheat, and mustard fields, can you tell me what insects, pests, or diseases attacked them three years ago?

T2F3a Paddy fields T2F3a_0 No damage to paddy fields 1 Yes 140 no damage 3yr ago 0 No 1349 .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3a_1 Disease damage to paddy fields 1 Yes 614 Disease damage 3yr 0 No 920 Ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3a_2 Insect damage to paddy fields 1 Yes 860 Insect damage 3yr 0 No 674 Ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3a_3 Bird damage to paddy fields 1 Yes 265 Bird damage 3yr 0 No 1269 Ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3a_4 Rodent damage to paddy fields 1 Yes 699 Rodent damage 3yr 0 No 835 ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3a_5 Wild animal damage to paddy fields 1 Yes 30 Wild animal damage 0 No 1504 3yr ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503



T2F3a_97 Other damage to paddy fields 1 Yes 8 Other damage 3yr 0 No 1526 ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3b Maize fields T2F3b_0 No damage to maize fields 1 Yes 268 no damage 3yr ago 0 No 1266 .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3b_1 Disease damage to maize fields 1 Yes 145 Disease damage 3yr 0 No 1389 Ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3b_2 Insect damage to maize fields 1 Yes 689 Insect damage 3yr 0 No 845 Ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3b_3 Bird damage to maize fields 1 Yes 711 Bird damage 3yr 0 No 823 Ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3b_4 Rodent damage to maize fields 1 Yes 250 Rodent damage 3yr 0 No 1284 ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3b_5 Wild animal damage to maize fields 1 Yes 68 Wild animal damage 0 No 1466 3yr ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3b_97 Other damage to maize fields 1 Yes 21 Other damage 3yr 0 No 1513 ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T3F3c Wheat fields T2F3c_0 No damage to wheat fields 1 Yes 839 no damage 3yr ago 0 No 695



.A Inappropriate T2F1=0 or T2F2=0

503

T2F3c_1 Disease damage to wheat fields 1 Yes 93 Disease damage 3yr 0 No 1441 Ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3c_2 Insect damage to wheat fields 1 Yes 201 Insect damage 3yr 0 No 1333 Ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3c_3 Bird damage to wheat fields 1 Yes 242 Bird damage 3yr 0 No 1292 Ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3c_4 Rodent damage to wheat fields 1 Yes 397 Rodent damage 3yr 0 No 1137 ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3c_5 Wild animal damage to wheat fields 1 Yes 86 Wild animal damage 0 No 1448 3yr ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3c_97 Other damage to wheat fields 1 Yes 4 Other damage 3yr 0 No 1530 ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T3F3d Mustard fields T2F3d_0 No damage to mustard fields 1 Yes 964 no damage 3yr ago 0 No 570 .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3d_1 Disease damage to mustard fields 1 Yes 134 Disease damage 3yr 0 No 1400 Ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3d_2 Insect damage to mustard fields 1 Yes 406



Insect damage 3yr 0 No 1128 Ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3d_3 Bird damage to mustard fields 1 Yes 67 Bird damage 3yr 0 No 1467 Ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3d_4 Rodent damage to mustard fields 1 Yes 69 Rodent damage 3yr 0 No 1465 ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3d_5 Wild animal damage to mustard fields 1 Yes 29 Wild animal damage 0 No 1505 3yr ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F3d_97 Other damage to mustard fields 1 Yes 5 Other damage 3yr 0 No 1529 ago .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

T2F4 Three years ago, how much damage was done by these insects, pests, and diseases?

Was it a lot of damage, a moderate degree of damage, or no damage at all? amt damage 3yr ago 1 A lot 409 2 Some 1057 0 Not at all 65 .A Inappropriate

T2F1=0 or T2F2=0 503

.D Don’t know 1 . No response given 2 T2F5 In the past 3 years, did you apply any herbicide or pesticide to your field to control

weeds and pests? herb/pesticide 3yr ago

1 Yes 330 0 No → Go to

Section G 1338

.A Inappropriate T2F1=0 368 .D Don’t know 1 T2F6 Three years ago, how frequently did you apply herbicide or pesticide? Was it more

than once a year, once a year, or less than once a year? freq herb/pesticide 3yr ago

1 > Once/year 71 2 Once/year 240

3 < Once/year 18



.A Inappropriate T2F1=0 or T2F5=0

1706

.D Don’t know 2

Section G Consumption, Income and Debt

Time 2 Agriculture survey – Section G 44

T2G1 Does your household purchase any kerosene? Purchase kerosene 1 Yes 1915 0 No → Go to G3 122 T2G2A Since…(month)……last year, how much kerosene did your household buy? Amount kerosene (0-913) Liters/Year 1365 (liters/year) .A Inappropriate T2G1=0 660 .D Don’t know 12 T2G2B (1-300) Liters/Month 538 Amount kerosene .A Inappropriate T2G1=0 1487 (liters/month) .D Don’t know 12 T2G3 Of the clothes that people wear, is all purchased clothing readymade, most of it,

about half, less than half or none is readymade? Proportion 1 All is ready made 121 readymade clothing 2 Most of it 242 3 About half 702 4 Less than half 590 0 None is readymade 380 . No response 2 T2G4 Of the vegetables that people in your household eat, are all vegetables purchased,

most of them, about half, less than half or none are purchased? Proportion 1 All are purchased 344 vegetables 2 Most of them 326 purchased 3 About half 729 4 Less than half 544 0 None are purchased 94 T2G5 Of the grains that people in your household eat, are all purchased, most of them,

about half, less than half or none are purchased? Proportion grains 1 All are purchased 331 purchased 2 Most of them 176 3 About half 305 4 Less than half 293 0 None are purchased 931 . No response 1 T2G6 Does anyone in your household eat meat? Consume meat 1 Yes 1968 0 No → Go to G8 69 T2G7 Of the meat that people in your household eat, is all purchased, most of it, about

half, less than half or none is purchased? Proportion meat 1 All is purchased 1100 purchased 2 Most 343 3 About half 317



4 Less than half 195 0 None is purchased 11 .A Inappropriate T2G6=0 69 . No response 2 T2G8 Of the milk that people in your household drink, is all purchased, most of it, about

half, less than half or none is purchased? Proportion milk 1 All is purchased 510 purchased 2 Most 73 3 About half 215 4 Less than half 408 0 None is purchased 830 . No response 1 T2G9 Of the cooking oil that people in your household use, is all purchased, most of it,

about half, less than half or none is purchased? Proportion cooking 1 All is purchased 1262 oil purchased 2 Most 237 3 About half 273 4 Less than half 120 0 None is purchased 144 . No response 1 T2G10 Thinking about your total household income from all sources, including wages,

salaries, pensions, income from selling crops, animals, or goods, income from renting houses, land or equipment, business income, or income from gifts or other payments. Since…(month)...last year, would you say that the total income you received from all sources was 50,000 rupees or less, or more than 50,000 rupees?

HH income (50,000) 1 50,000 rupees or less 1440 2 More than 50,000 rupees → Go to G13 405 0 None → Go to G16 189 .D Don’t know 3 T2G11 Since ….(month)….last year, would you say that the total income you received from

all sources was twenty-five thousand rupees or less, or more than twenty-five thousand rupees?

HH income (25,000) 1 25,000 rupees or less 927 2 More than 25,000 rupees → Go to G16 513 .A Inappropriate

T2G10=(2,0) 594

.D Don’t know 3 T2G12 Since ….(month)….last year, would you say that the total income you received from

all sources was ten thousand rupees or less, or more than ten thousand rupees? HH income (10,000) 1 10,000 rupees or less → Go to G16 616 2 More than 10,000 rupees → 311 .A Inappropriate

T2G10=(2,0) or T2G11=2 1107

.D Don’t know 3



T2G13 Since ….(month)….last year, would you say that the total income you received from

all sources was 100,000 rupees or less, or more than one hundred thousand rupees? HH income 1 100,000 rupees or less → Go to G16 296 (100,000) 2 More than 100,000 rupees 109 .A Inappropriate

T2G10=0 or T2G11=2 or T2G12=(1,2)

1632


all sources was two hundred fifty thousand rupees or less, or more than two hundred fifty thousand rupees?

HH income 1 250,000 rupees or less → Go to G16 81 (250,000) 2 More than 250,000 rupees 28 .A Inappropriate

T2G10=0 or T2G11=2 or T2G12=(1,2) or T2G13=1

1928


all sources was five hundred thousand rupees or less, or more than 500,000 rupees? HH income 1 500,000 rupees or less 18 (500,000) 2 More than 500,000 rupees 10 .A Inappropriate

T2G10=0 or T2G11=2 or T2G12=(1,2) or T2G13=1 or T2G14=1

2009

T2G16 For interviewer, check against E1of Section E 1 Respondent has farmed in

last three years → Go to G17 1669

2 Respondent has not farmed in last three years

→ Go to G18 368

T2G17 Since ….(month)….last year, have you taken out a loan for farming? Taken out farming 1 Yes 397 loan 0 No 1269 .A Inappropriate T2G16=2 368 .D Don’t know 3 T2G18 Since ….(month)….last year, have you taken out a loan for anything other than

farming? Taken out other 1 Yes 604 loan 0 No 1430 .D Don’t know 3 T2G19 Do you have any savings in banks or other financial institutions? Savings 1 Yes 528



0 No 1504 .D Don’t know 5

Section H Interviewer Observation

Time 2 Agriculture survey – Section H 48

T2H1 What kind of house does the respondent live in? house type 1 One family home 1657 2 Multi-family home 378 .A Inappropriate 2 T2H2 How many stories are there in the house the respondent lives in? house stories 1 1092 2 882 3 49 4 12 .A Inappropriate 2 T2H3 What are the walls of the respondent’s house made of? house walls 1 Brick 659 2 Cement 503 3 Cane with mud 517 4 Stone 22 5 Wood 77 6 Mud 149 97 Other 106 .A Inappropriate 2 . No response given 2 T2H4 What is the roof of the respondent’s house made of? roof type 1 Tin 884 2 Thatch 669 3 Thatch stick - 4 Slate 16 5 Wood 1 6 Plastic 1 7 Concrete 405 97 Other 59 .A Inappropriate 2 T2H5 What is the floor of the respondent’s house made of? house floor 1 Mud 1139 2 Wood 5 3 Concrete 886 4 Brick 5 97 Other - .A Inappropriate 2 T2H6 What type of well does the household have? Type of well 0 Household does not have

a well 1618

Section H Interviewer Observation

Time 2 Agriculture survey – Section H 49

1 Well has cement inside core, but is not covered and not plastered around the top

95

2 Well has cement inside core and is covered, but is not plastered around the top

209

3 Well has cement inside core and is plastered around the top, but is not covered

25

4 Well has cement inside core, is covered, and is plastered around the top

70

5 Well has no cement inside core and is not covered (temporary structure)

14

6 Well has no cement inside core, but is covered (temporary structure)

3

97 Other 1 .A Inappropriate 2

Appendix 1 List of Crops

Time 2 Agriculture survey – Appendix 1 50

Crop Name

Code Crop Name Code Crop Name Code

Cereals Vegetables Industrial Rice 11 Unspecified Veg. 30 Sugarcane 51 Maize 12 Crucifere 32 Fibercrops 52 Wheat 13 Gourds 33 Tobacco 53 Buckwheat 14 Cucurbits 34 Cotton 54 Finger millet 15 Solanaceae 35 Bulb crop Barley 16 Radish 36 Potato 61 Ghaiya Dhan 17 Okra 37 Onion/Garlic 62 Grass crop 18 Pulses Ginger/Turmeric 63 Oil crops Lentil/Lathyrus 41 Colacasia/Yam 64 Mustard/Rape 21 Pea/Gram 42 Other bulb crop 65 Sesame 22 Cowpea/Bean 43 Others (Crops Linseed 23 Soybean 44 other than the Other oil crop 24 Other pulses 45 above) 70 Note: In the case of mixed crops (more then one crop planting together at the same time), the following codes are used: Usual Oil based mixed crop

Code Usual cereal based mixed crop

Code Usual vegetable based mixed crop

Code

Mustard + Lentil 71 Maize + Cowpea 76 Maize + Cucurbits 81 Mustard+Chickpea 72 Potato + Radish 77 Wheat + Pea 82 Sesame + Maize 73 Wheat + Lentil 78 Maize + Vegetable 83 Linseed + Pulses 74 Soybean + maize 79 Mixed crop other

than above mention 97

Mustard + Pea 75 Maize + Lentil 80

Appendix 2 List of Forests and Common Land

Time 2 Agriculture Survey – Appendix 2 51

Name of the Forest and common land Code Name of the Forest and common land Code Barandavar (Block A) 100 Bardaha Ban (Bardana Pariko

Arakshya/Majhuwa) 200

National Park (Block B) 101 Khayar Ghari 201 Kalaban (Block C), National Park Narayani side 102 Mardi Ghol 202 Gobreni Sisso Ban (Block C) 103 Ganjipur/Narayani ko Majhuwa 203 Jhanjhane Ko Ban (Block C) 104 Meghauli Ko Sissoghari 204 Nagar Ban (Block C) 105 Bharatpur Airport 205 Simal Ghairi 106 Yagyanpuri Farm 206 Ghailaghari 107 Community forest along the canal 207 Laukhari Ko Chaur/Ko Jungle 108 Collection during flood – Narayani 208 IAAS Farm 109 Collection during flood – Rapti 209 Along the bank of Kerunga Khola 110 Fallow land 210 Roadways 111 Forest outside area 211 Canal ways 112 Outside Chitwan 212 CL around the Indrapuri stock pond 113 Hirapur common land 213 Bhagawanpur Gaucharan (CL) 114 Betari Khola 214 Dhurbaghat Community Grassland 115 Naya Chauki common land 215 Birendranagar Community Grassland 116 Along the bank of Narayani river 216 School ground 117 Along the bank of Rapti river 217 Lebarnagar common land/Bayarghari 118 Jyamire Gaucharan 218 Meghauli Airport/Meghauli Chaur 119 School other than sampled 219 Sundarbasti common land 120 Nayabasti ko Salghari 220 Thulo Chaur/Tallohirapur common land 121 Temple/VCD or other land 221

Appendix 3 Differences Between Time 1 (Baseline) and Time 2 Agriculture Surveys

Time 2 Agriculture Survey – Appendix 3 52

1. If a household owns/farms less than .5 Kattha, the amount was recorded as 0 in Time 1. All fraction

responses were also rounded. In Time 2, the survey records fractions of land (e.g. .25). 2. Time 1 asks about current crops grown (at time of interview). Time 2 asks about all crops grown over

the 12 months prior to the interview. 3. Question F4 on crop damage 3 years ago is coded in Time 1 as 1 = a lot, 2 = some degree, and 3 = a

little. In time 2 the codes are 1= a lot, 2 = some, and 0 = not at all.

Time 2 Agriculture and Consumption Survey...Time 2 Agriculture and Consumption Survey Time 2...

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