Tiempos Verbales

Present Simple

What do you do? Qu haces? - What does he do? Qu hace?

I, we, you, theysubject + 11 2 3

he, she, itsubject + 1 > sgowent Gone

AffirmativeNegativeInterrogative

I goI don't goDo I go ?

You goYou don't goDo you go ?

He goesHe doesn't goDoes he go ?

She goesShe doesn't goDoes she go ?

It goesIt doesn't goDoes it go ?

We goWe don't goDo we go ?

You goYou don't goDo you go ?

They goThey don't goDo they go ?

Affirmativesubject + 1 > "s" (he, she, it)

I go to New York - Voy a New York

He goes to New York - El va a New York

Negativesubject + don't / doesn't + 1

I don't go to New York - No voy a New York

He doesn't go to New York - El no va a New York

InterrogativeDo / Does + subject + 1 ?

Do I go to New York ? - Voy a New York?

Does he go to New York ? - Va l a New York?

usos del presente simple

Acciones habituales (estilos de vida, hbitos, rutina diaria).

Lucas gets up at 9:00 am. Lucas se levanta a las nueve.Paul and I do a lot of things every day. Paul y yo hacemos muchas cosas a diario.

Hechos o verdades generales.

The sun sets in the west. El sol se pone por el oeste.The Earth goes around the sun. La Tierra gira alrededor del sol.

Situaciones permanentes.

Maria lives in Buenos Aires. Mara vive en Buenos Aires.It costs a lot of money to stay at the Hilton. Cuesta mucho dinero alojarse en el Hilton.

Primer Condicional.

If you heat butter, it melts. Si calientas manteca, sta se derrite.Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda.

expresiones usuales del presente simple

often - generally - usually - always - neverevery day - every week - every month - every year sometimes

Present Continuous

What are you doing? Qu ests haciendo?

subject + am/is/are + 1 > "ing"1 2 3

gowent Gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo)


I am goingI am not goingAm I going ?

You are goingYou are not goingAre you going ?

He is goingHe is not goingIs he going ?

She is goingShe is not goingIs she going ?

It is goingIt is not goingIs it going ?

We are goingWe are not goingAre we going ?

You are goingYou are not goingAre you going ?

They are goingThey are not goingAre they going ?

Affirmativesubject + am/is/are + 1 > "ing"

I am going to New York - Estoy yendo a New York

He is going to New York - El est yendo a New York

Negativesubject + am/is/are + not + 1 > "ing"

I am not going to New York - No estoy yendo a New York

He is not going to New York - El no est yendo a New York

InterrogativeAm/Is/Are + subject + 1 > "ing" ?

Am I going to New York ? - Estoy yendo a New York ?

Is he going to New York ? - Est l yendo a New York ?

usos del presente continuo

Acciones que ocurren en el momento de hablar.

Lucas is getting up now. Lucas se est levantando ahora.My wife is having lunch now. Mi esposa est almorzando ahora.

Planes futuros que han sido confirmados.

The manager is meeting me tonight. El gerente se va a reunir conmigo esta noche.They are arriving tomorrow morning. Van a llegar maana por la maana.

Acciones que tendrn lugar en un futuro prximo y sobre las que se ha tomado una resolucin firme.

I am going to visit their office in Caracas next week.Voy a visitar su oficina de Caracas la prxima semana.

Acciones habituales con sentido negativo que llevan always.

Mike is always talking nonsense. Mike siempre est hablando estupideces.He is always annoying his friends. Siempre est molestando a sus amigos.

verbos que no suelen utilizarse en presente continuo

know - like - want - love - hate - need

expresiones usuales del presente continuo

the next - at moment - now - in this weekon Sunday - this evening - tomorrow

Simple Past

What did you do? Qu hiciste?

subject + 21 2 3

gowent Gone


I wentI didn't goDid I go ?

You wentYou didn't goDid you go ?

He wentHe didn't goDid he go ?

She wentShe didn't goDid she go ?

It wentIt didn't goDid it go ?

We wentWe didn't goDid we go ?

You wentYou didn't goDid you go ?

They wentThey didn't goDid they go ?

Affirmativesubject + 2

I went to New York - Fui a New York

He went to New York - El fue a New York

Negativesubject + didn't + 1

I didn't go to New York - No fui a New York

He didn't go to New York - El no fue a New York

InterrogativeDid + subject + 1 ?

Did I go to New York? - Fui a New York ?

Did he go to New York? - Fue l a New York?

usos del pasado simple

Acciones pasadas que tuvieron lugar en determinado momento y que ya han finalizado.

My parents didn't work last week. Mis padres no trabajaron la semana pasada.Lina worked in a bank from 1995 to 2002. Lina trabaj en un banco desde 1995 a 2002.

Hechos pasados expresados en secuencia.

Sheila got up at 7 am, had breakfast, took a shower and went to work at 9 am. Sheila se levant a las 7, desayun, se duch y fue a trabajar a las 9.

expresiones usuales del pasado simple

yesterday - last night - before - ago - in 2002on their vacation - last weekend - last month - last year

Past Continuous

What were you doing? Qu estabas (estuviste) haciendo?

subject + was/were + 1 >ing1 2 3

gowent gone



I was goingI was not goingWas I going ?

You were goingYou were not goingWere you going ?

He was goingHe was not goingWas he going ?

She was goingShe was not goingWas she going ?

It was goingIt was not goingWas it going ?

We were goingWe were not goingWere we going ?

You were goingYou were not goingWere you going ?

They were goingThey were not goingWere they going ?

Affirmativesubject + was/were + 1 > "ing"

I was going to New York - Estaba (estuve) yendo a New York

You were going to New York - Ud. estaba (estuvo) yendo a New York

Negativesubject + was/were + not + 1 > "ing"

I was not going to New York - No estaba (estuve) yendo a New York

You were not going to New York - Ud. no estaba (estuvo) yendo a New York

InterrogativeWas/Were + subject + 1 > "ing" ?

Was I going to New York ? - Estaba (estuve) yendo a New York ?

Were you going to New York ? - Estaba (estuvo) Ud. yendo a New York ?

usos del pasado continuo

Actividades que ocurran en determinado momento del pasado y que continuaron despus.

At 11 am I was preparing our lunch. A las 11 estaba preparando nuestro almuerzo.

Actividades interrumpidas por acciones ms cortas.

When my friend was taking a shower, the telephone rang. Cuando mi amiga estaba duchndose, son el telfono.While Martha was listening to music, her brother did his homework.Mientras Martha escuchaba msica, su hermano hizo sus deberes

Acciones simultneas (ambas en presente continuo).

The kids were running and their grandfather was reading an old paper.Los nios estaban corriendo y su abuelo estaba leyendo un antiguo peridico.

Present Perfect

What have you done? Qu has hecho?

subject + have / has + 3123

gowentgone


I have goneI haven't goneHave I gone ?

You have goneYou haven't goneHave you gone ?

He has goneHe hasn't goneHas he gone ?

She has goneShe hasn't goneHas she gone ?

It has goneIt hasn't goneHas it gone ?

We have goneWe haven't goneHave we gone ?

You have goneYou haven't goneHave you gone ?

They have goneThey haven't goneHave they gone ?

Affirmativesubject + have / has + 3

I have gone to New York - He ido a New York

He has gone to New York - El ha ido a New York

Negativesubject + haven't / hasn't + 3

I haven't gone to New York - No he ido a New York

He hasn't gone to New York - El no ha ido a New York

InterrogativeHave / Has + subject + 3 ?

Have I gone to New York? - He ido a New York ?

Has he gone to New York? - Ha ido l a New York?

usos del presente perfectoPor regla general, se lo utiliza para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y que an no han finalizado o que guardan alguna relacin con el presente.

Con el adverbio just: acciones que acaban de ocurrir.

The President has just arrived from the US. El Presidente acaba de llegar desde EEUU. They both have just left for Bogota. Ambos acaban de partir para Bogot.

Con las preposiciones for y since.

We have lived in Italy for three years. Hemos vivido en Italia durante tres aos.I haven't heard from you since 1990!! No he tenido noticias tuyas desde 1990!!

Con los adverbios yet y already.

They haven't taken the Basic Exam yet. No han rendido el Examen Bsico an.I have already taken the Intermediate Exam. Ya he rendido el Examen Intermedio.

Con el grado superlativo de un adjetivo.

OM Smiles is one of the funniest section in OM Personal.OM Smiles es una de las secciones ms divertidas de OM Personal.

Con las expresiones: It's the first, It's the second, etc.

It's the first time I have flown United. Es la primera vez que vuelo por United.It's the second time she has had lunch today. Es la segunda vez que almuerza hoy.

expresiones usuales del presente perfecto simple

since - for - just - ago - latelyyet - already - never - ever - recently

Present Perfect Continous

What have you been doing? Qu has estado haciendo?

subject + have / has + been + 1 > "ing"1 2 3

gowent gone


I have been goingI haven't been goingHave I been going ?

You have been goingYou haven't been goingHave you been going ?

He has been goingHe hasn't been goingHas he been going ?

She has been goingShe hasn't been goingHas she been going ?

It has been goingIt hasn't been goingHas it been going ?

We have been goingWe haven't been goingHave we been going ?

You have been goingYou haven't been goingHave you been going ?

They have been goingThey haven't been goingHave they been going ?

Affirmativesubject + have/has + been + 1 > "ing"

I have been going to New York - He estado yendo a New York

He has been going to New York - El ha estado yendo a New York

Negativesubject + haven't / hasn't + been + 1 > "ing"

I haven't been going to New York - No he estado yendo a New York

He hasn't been going to New York - El no ha estado yendo a New York

InterrogativeHave / Has + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ?

Have I been going to New York? - He estado yendo a New York ?

Has he been going to New York? - Ha estado l yendo a New York?

usos del presente perfecto continuo

Actividades que comenzaron en el pasado y continan en el presente y resaltan la duracin del proceso.

Monica and her husband have been living in Barcelona for ten years. Mnica y su esposo llevan viviendo en Barcelona diez aos.

Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y pueden o no haber finalizado recientemente y resaltan la duracin del proceso.

The weather is really bad. It has been raining all night. El tiempo est realmente malo. Ha estado lloviendo toda la noche.

Acciones del pasado que acaban de concluir y cuyo estado es evidente.

Hmm. Nice smelling!! Have you been cooking your birthday cake? Hmm. Qu lindo aroma!! Has estado cocinando tu torta de cumpleaos?

Past Perfect

What had you done? Qu habas hecho?

subject + had + 31 2 3

gowent gone


I had goneI hadn't goneHad I gone ?

You had goneYou hadn't goneHad you gone ?

He had goneHe hadn't goneHad he gone ?

She had goneShe hadn't goneHad she gone ?

It had goneIt hadn't goneHad it gone ?

We had goneWe hadn't goneHad we gone ?

You had goneYou hadn't goneHad you gone ?

They had goneThey hadn't goneHad they gone ?

Affirmativesubject + had + 3

I had gone to New York - Yo haba ido a New York

He had gone to New York - El haba a New York

Negativesubject + hadn't + 3

I hadn't gone to New York - Yo no haba ido a New York

He hadn't gone to New York - El no haba ido a New York

InterrogativeHad + subject + 3 ?

Had I gone to New York? - Haba ido yo a New York ?

Had he gone to New York? - Haba ido l a New York?

usos del pasado perfecto simple

Accin del pasado que tuvo lugar antes que otra.

Her plane had already left when Thelma arrived at the airport.Su vuelo ya haba partido cuando Thelma lleg al aeropuerto.

Con el adverbio just para expresar una accin que acaba de ocurrir.

When Oliver phoned, the kids had just gone to bed. Cuando Oliver llam por telfono, los nios acababan de acostarse.

Tercer Condicional.

If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you.Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver.

Past Perfect Continuous

What had you been doing? Qu habas estado haciendo?

subject + had + been + 1 > "ing"1 2 3

gowent gone


I had been goingI hadn't been goingHad I been going ?

You had been goingYou hadn't been goingHad you been going ?

He had been goingHe hadn't been goingHad he been going ?

She had been goingShe hadn't been goingHad she been going ?

It had been goingIt hadn't been goingHad it been going ?

We had been goingWe hadn't been goingHad we been going ?


They had been goingThey hadn't been goingHad they been going ?

Affirmativesubject + had + been + 1 > "ing"

I had been going to New York - Haba estado yendo a New York

He had been going to New York - El haba estado yendo a New York

Negativesubject + hadn't + been + 1 > "ing"

I hadn't been going to New York - No haba estado yendo a New York

He hadn't been going to New York - El no haba estado yendo a New York

InterrogativeHad + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ?

Had I been going to New York? - Haba estado yo yendo a New York ?

Had he been going to New York? - Haba estado l yendo a New York?

usos del pasado perfecto continuo

Resalta la duracin de una accin que ocurri en el pasado antes que otra.

I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been working hard all day.Estaba muy cansado cuando llegu a casa. Haba estado trabajando mucho todo el da.

Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up.Ken haba estado fumando durante treinta aos cuando finalmente dej de fumar.

The soccer game had to be stopped. They had been playing for half an hour when a terrible storm began.El partido de ftbol tuvo que ser detenido. Haban estado jugando durante media hora cuando empez una espantosa tormenta.

Past Perfect Continuous

What had you been doing? Qu habas estado haciendo?

subject + had + been + 1 > "ing"1 2 3

gowent gone


I had been goingI hadn't been goingHad I been going ?


He had been goingHe hadn't been goingHad he been going ?

She had been goingShe hadn't been goingHad she been going ?

It had been goingIt hadn't been goingHad it been going ?

We had been goingWe hadn't been goingHad we been going ?


They had been goingThey hadn't been goingHad they been going ?

Affirmativesubject + had + been + 1 > "ing"

I had been going to New York - Haba estado yendo a New York

He had been going to New York - El haba estado yendo a New York

Negativesubject + hadn't + been + 1 > "ing"

I hadn't been going to New York - No haba estado yendo a New York

He hadn't been going to New York - El no haba estado yendo a New York

InterrogativeHad + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ?

Had I been going to New York? - Haba estado yo yendo a New York ?

Had he been going to New York? - Haba estado l yendo a New York?

usos del pasado perfecto continuo

Resalta la duracin de una accin que ocurri en el pasado antes que otra.

I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been working hard all day.Estaba muy cansado cuando llegu a casa. Haba estado trabajando mucho todo el da.

Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up.Ken haba estado fumando durante treinta aos cuando finalmente dej de fumar.

The soccer game had to be stopped. They had been playing for half an hour when a terrible storm began.El partido de ftbol tuvo que ser detenido. Haban estado jugando durante media hora cuando empez una espantosa tormenta.

Simple Future

What will you do? Qu hars?

subject + will + 11 2 3

Gowent gone


I will goI won't goWill I go ?

You will goYou won't goWill you go ?

He will goHe won't goWill he go ?

She will goShe won't goWill she go ?

It will goIt won't goWill it go ?

We will goWe won't goWill we go ?

You will goYou won't goWill you go ?

They will goThey won't goWill they go ?

Affirmativesubject + will + 1

I will go to New York - Ir a New York

He will go to New York - El ir a New York

Negativesubject + won't (will not) + 1

I won't go to New York - No ir a New York

He won't go to New York - El no ir a New York

InterrogativeWill + subject + 1 ?

Will I go to New York ? - Ir a New York ?

Will he go to New York ? - Ir l a New York ?

usos del futuro simple

Acciones que se van a desarrollar con certeza en el futuro.

I will play tennis tomorrow. Jugar tenis maana.OM Personal will be six in 2005. OM Personal cumplir seis aos en el 2005.

Prediccin en el futuro.

It will snow tomorrow. Nevar maana.

Promesas.

"Every Argentinian will have a job in this blessed country." (Carlos Menem) "Todo Argentino tendr un puesto de trabajo en este bendito pas." (Carlos Menem)

Ofrecimientos.

I will stay with you all night if you really need it. Me quedar contigo toda la noche si realmente lo necesitas.

Suele utilizarse el auxiliar shall (o su contraccin 'll) para el futuro de la primera persona del singular y del plural.

We shall go to the movies = We will go to the moviesWe'll go to the movies. Iremos al cine.

expresiones usuales del futuro simple

tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010next Monday - next week - next month - next year

Progressive Future

What will you be doing? Qu estars haciendo?

subject + will be + 1 > "ing"1 2 3

gowent gone



I will be goingI will not be goingWill I be going ?

You will be goingYou will not be goingWill you be going ?

He will be goingHe will not be goingWill he be going ?

She will be goingShe will not be goingWill she be going ?

It will be goingIt will not be goingWill it be going ?

We will be goingWe will not be goingWill we be going ?

You will be goingYou will not be goingWill you be going ?

They will be goingThey will not be goingWill they be going ?

Affirmativesubject + will be + 1 > "ing"

I will be going to New York - Estar yendo a New York

He will be going to New York - El estar yendo a New York

Negativesubject + won't (will not) be + 1 > "ing"

I won't be going to New York - No estar yendo a New York

He won't be going to New York - El no estar yendo a New York

InterrogativeWill + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ?

Will I be going to New York ? - Estar yendo a New York ?

Will he be going to New York ? - Estar l yendo a New York ?

usos del futuro continuo

Acciones que van a tener lugar en el futuro y que, al momento del tiempo al que nos referimos, seguirn desarrollndose. No siempre se menciona en la oracin el momento del futuro.

We will be watching TV.Estaremos viendo televisin.Tonight we will be watching TV. Esta noche estaremos viendo televisin.She will be visiting me.Me estar visitando.She will be visiting me on Sunday.Me estar visitando el domingo.

expresiones usuales del futuro continuo

tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010next Monday - next week - next month - next year

Simple Future Perfect

What will you have done? Qu habrs hecho?

subject + will have + 31 2 3

gowent gone


I will have goneI will not have goneWill I have gone ?

You will have goneYou will not have goneWill you have gone ?

He will have goneHe will not have goneWill he have gone ?

She will have goneShe will not have goneWill she have gone ?

It will have goneIt will not have goneWill it have gone ?

We will have goneWe will not have goneWill we have gone ?

You will have goneYou will not have goneWill you have gone ?

They will have goneThey will not have goneWill they have gone ?

NEGATIVE CONTRACTION: WILL NOT = WON'T

Affirmativesubject + will have + 3

I will have gone to New York - Habr ido a New York

He will have gone to New York - El habr ido a New York

Negativesubject + won't have + 3

I won't have gone to New York - No habr ido a New York

He won't have gone to New York - El no habr ido a New York

InterrogativeWill + subject + have + 3 ?

Will I have gone to New York? - Habr ido a New York ?

Will he have gone to New York? - Habr ido l a New York?

usos del futuro perfecto

Acciones que ya se estn desarrollando o que se van a desarrollar en el futuro, pero que cuando llegue ese momento futuro que se menciona la accin ya habr finalizado.

By tomorrow I will have finished my book.Para maana, habr terminado este libro.

Before winter, you will have sold your old car.Antes del invierno, habrs vendido tu antiguo automvil.

Before we arrive home, Mom will have prepared our breakfast.Antes de que lleguemos a casa, mam habr preparado nuestro desayuno.

We will not have finished these reports by 7 pm!!No habremos finalizado estos informes para las 7 de la tarde!!

expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto

by 10 pm - by Monday - by tomorrow - by 2010by next week - by next month - by next year

Progressive Future Perfect

What will you have been doing? Qu habrs estado haciendo?

subject + will have been + 1 > "ing"1 2 3

gowent gone



I will have been goingI will not have been goingWill I have been going ?

You will have been goingYou will not have been goingWill you have been going ?

He will have been goingHe will not have been goingWill he have been going ?

She will have been goingShe will not have been goingWill she have been going ?

It will have been goingIt will not have been goingWill it have been going ?

We will have been goingWe will not have been goingWill we have been going ?

You will have been goingYou will not have been goingWill you have been going ?

They will have been goingThey will not have been goingWill they have been going ?

Affirmativesubject + will have been + 1 > "ing"

I will have been going to New York - Habr estado yendo a New York

He will have been going to New York - El habr estado yendo a New York

Negativesubject + won't (will not) have beeen + 1 > "ing"

I won't have been going to New York - No habr estado yendo a New York

He won't have been going to New York - El no habr estado yendo a New York

InterrogativeWill + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ?

Will I have been going to New York ? - Habr estado yendo a New York ?

Will he have been going to New York ? - Habr l estado yendo a New York ?

usos del futuro perfecto continuo

Acontecimientos o acciones pertenecientes a un perodo de tiempo entre ahora y algn momento del futuro, que puede ser incompleto.

I will have been waiting here for five hours by 10 pm.Habr estado esperando aqu durante cinco horas cuando sean las 10 de la noche.

By the time you finish our OM Basic Course, you will have been learning American English for six months.Para cuando finalices nuestro OM Curso Bsico, habrs estado aprediendo Ings Americano durante seis meses.

By 2100 OM Personal will have been teaching on the Internet for a century.Para el 2100 OM Personal habr estado enseando en Internet durante un siglo.

expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto continuo

By the time you ... - By 2020 ... - By 8:00 am tomorrow ...

The Three Conditionalsconditional type I

a) IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE PRESENTUsed for scientific truth (usado para expresar verdades cientficas)

If you heat butter, it melts.Si calientas manteca, sta se derrite.

b) IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE FUTURE

If you study, you will pass your exams.Si estudias aprobars tus exmenes.

c) IMPERATIVE + OR / AND + SIMPLE FUTUREUsed for threats and promises (usado para expresar amenazas y promesas)

Don't say a word about this, or I will kill you.No cuentes una palabra de esto o te mato.Finish your job, and you will have a bonus.Termina tu tarea y tendrs una gratificacin.

d) IMPERATIVO + IF / IN CASE + SIMPLE PRESENT

Contact me if you need any help.Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda.Call them in case you need help.Llmalos en caso de necesitar ayuda.

NOTE: In cases a, b and d above, you can replace IF (si) by UNLESS (a menos que)

conditional type II

IF + SIMPLE PAST + SIMPLE CONDITIONALIf FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons.(Si el PRIMER verbo de la oracin es TO BE, se usa WERE para todas las personas)

If I were rich, I would buy a castle.Si fuera rico, comprara un castillo.If I were him, I would go and see a doctor.Si fuera l -en su lugar- consultara con un mdico.

NOTE: You can replace IF (si) by UNLESS (a menos que) in the examples above.

conditional type III

IF + PAST PERFECT + CONDITIONAL PERFECTIf FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons.(Si el PRIMER verbo de la oracin es TO BE, se usa WERE para todas las personas)

If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you.Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver.

NOTE: The real situation was that I didn't know you were sick. So I say If I had known... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF. You can replace IF (si) by UNLESS (a menos que) in the examples above.

Tiempos Verbales

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