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Transcript of Tides and Eclipses Read Your Textbook: –Chapter 3 Homework Problems –Review Questions: 1, 2, 5,...
![Page 1: Tides and Eclipses Read Your Textbook: –Chapter 3 Homework Problems –Review Questions: 1, 2, 5, 8 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 6 –Web Inquiries: 3, 4 (1, 2.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649ebe5503460f94bc8c68/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Tides and Eclipses
• Read Your Textbook: – Chapter 3
• Homework Problems– Review Questions: 1, 2, 5, 8– Review Problems: 1, 2, 6– Web Inquiries: 3, 4 (1, 2 in 5th ed.)
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Earth and Moon• The Moon is …
– 1/4 the diameter of the Earth– 1/100 the mass of the Earth– 1/50 the volume of the Earth– 60 Earth radii away– Gravitationally locked in a synchronous orbit (the far
side is never seen from the earth)
• To Scale...
Earth Moon
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Same Side View
• The moon’s rotation equals its revolution period.
• The same side always faces earth.
• 50% is always illuminated by the sun.
![Page 4: Tides and Eclipses Read Your Textbook: –Chapter 3 Homework Problems –Review Questions: 1, 2, 5, 8 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 6 –Web Inquiries: 3, 4 (1, 2.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649ebe5503460f94bc8c68/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Observational Apparitions
Moon Horizon Illusion
http://www.GriffithObs.org/IPSMoonIllus.html
![Page 5: Tides and Eclipses Read Your Textbook: –Chapter 3 Homework Problems –Review Questions: 1, 2, 5, 8 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 6 –Web Inquiries: 3, 4 (1, 2.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649ebe5503460f94bc8c68/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Observational Apparitions
Man on the Moon?
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Observational Apparitions
Lady on the Moon?
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Observational Apparitions
Lady on the Moon?
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Observational Apparitions
Toad on the Moon?
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Observational Apparitions
Toad on the Moon?
![Page 10: Tides and Eclipses Read Your Textbook: –Chapter 3 Homework Problems –Review Questions: 1, 2, 5, 8 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 6 –Web Inquiries: 3, 4 (1, 2.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649ebe5503460f94bc8c68/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Observational Apparitions
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Tidal Forces
• As the Earth Rotates, we are carried into and out
2 High and
2 Low Tides
Every Day
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Tides (Weak and Strong)
• Sun’s tidal influence is ~ 1/2 that of the moon
Strongest Tides
Moon New or Full
Weakest Tides
Moon 1st or 3rd quarter
![Page 13: Tides and Eclipses Read Your Textbook: –Chapter 3 Homework Problems –Review Questions: 1, 2, 5, 8 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 6 –Web Inquiries: 3, 4 (1, 2.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649ebe5503460f94bc8c68/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Other Factors
• Winds
• Ocean Currents
• Coast Line Geometry and Topography
• Tides are predictable for any given location!
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Moon’s Orbit• Sidereal Month
– Orbit– Star reference
• Synodic Month– Phases– Sun reference
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Observing From Spaceship Earth
horizon
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Spaceship Earth
horizon
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Spaceship Earth
horizon
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Spaceship Earth
horiz
on
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Spaceship Earth
hori
zon
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Earth Rotation
Stars settingStars rising
Stars overhead
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Lunar Phases
Lunar
location
with respect
to the sun
determines
phase seen
at the earth.
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Lunar Phases
• The 3rd quarter moon rises when?
• The full moon sets when?
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Lunar Phases
• New 0.00
• 1st Quarter 0.25
• Full 0.50
• 3rd Quarter 0.75
horizon
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Lunar Phases
• The 3rd quarter moon rises when?– Rises at Midnight– Sets at Noon
• The full moon sets when?– Sets at Sunrise (6 am)– Rises at Sunset (6 pm)
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Observational Geometry
horizon
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Observational Geometry• Inner Planets
– Mercury
– Venus
• Outer Planets– Mars
– Jupiter
– Saturn
– Uranus
– Neptune
– Pluto
Sun
Earth Orbit
Inner Planet
Outer Planet
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Conjunctions
• Inner Planets– Conjunction (Aligned with the Sun)
• Inferior
Sun
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Conjunction
• Outer Planets– Conjunction (Aligned with the Sun)
• Always Superior, Never Inferior
Sun
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Conjunctions
• Inner Planets– Conjunction (Aligned with the Sun)
• Inferior
• Superior
Sun
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Elongation
• Inner Planets– Conjunction (Aligned with the Sun)
• Inferior
• Superior
– Greatest Elongation
(Farthest From Sun)• Eastern
• Western
Sun
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Elongation
• Inner Planets– Conjunction (Aligned with the Sun)
• Inferior
• Superior
– Greatest Elongation
(Farthest From Sun)• Eastern
• Western
Best Time to View
Inner Planet
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Conjunction
• Outer Planets– Conjunction
• Aligned with the Sun
• Always Superior, Never Inferior
Sun
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Opposition
• Outer Planets– Conjunction
• Aligned with the Sun
• Always Superior, Never Inferior
– Opposition• Opposite the Sun
• Earth Closest Approach
Best Time to View
Outer Planet
Sun
![Page 34: Tides and Eclipses Read Your Textbook: –Chapter 3 Homework Problems –Review Questions: 1, 2, 5, 8 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 6 –Web Inquiries: 3, 4 (1, 2.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649ebe5503460f94bc8c68/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Eclipse Conditions
New or Full Moon
Moon at a
“NODE”
in its orbit.
![Page 35: Tides and Eclipses Read Your Textbook: –Chapter 3 Homework Problems –Review Questions: 1, 2, 5, 8 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 6 –Web Inquiries: 3, 4 (1, 2.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649ebe5503460f94bc8c68/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Lunar Eclipse• Moon in Earth’s Shadow
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Eclipses Are Shadows• Solar Eclipse Shadow Caught By Weather Satellite Image
![Page 37: Tides and Eclipses Read Your Textbook: –Chapter 3 Homework Problems –Review Questions: 1, 2, 5, 8 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 6 –Web Inquiries: 3, 4 (1, 2.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649ebe5503460f94bc8c68/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Solar Eclipse Geometry
Total Solar Eclipse
Partial Solar Eclipse
Annular Solar Eclipse
![Page 38: Tides and Eclipses Read Your Textbook: –Chapter 3 Homework Problems –Review Questions: 1, 2, 5, 8 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 6 –Web Inquiries: 3, 4 (1, 2.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649ebe5503460f94bc8c68/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The Saros Cycle
The repeating of eclipse geometries known to the ancients:
http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEsaros/SEsaros.html
The Eclipse Home Page:
http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/eclipse.html