THURSDAY, OCTOBER 22ND

What to Have:• Grab a “Your Cultural

Element” sheet from the back tray

• Notes

• Writing Utensil

• A positive attitude

What to Do:• Open your notes to a new

section and get ready to start “Chapter 4: Folk and Popular Culture” notes

• Read the “You Cultural Element” sheet – Instructions on this will be presented later in the class

CHAPTER 3 VOCABULARY QUIZ

DATAClass Average # Took #

PassedPass % 100 A B C

1st Period

86 31/32 27/31 87% 9 8 7 3

5th Period

90 34/35 30/34 88% 17 7 4 2

6th Period

86 32/33 27/32 84% 12 9 4 2

7th Period

90 30/31 27/30 90% 13 9 4 1

CHAPTER 4: FOLK AND POPULAR

CULTUREIntroduction

CULTURE IN THE TEXTBOOK

Chapter 1 Culture was defined as the body of (1) material traits, (2) customary beliefs, and (3) social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people

Chapter 4* Focuses on material traits—the visible elements that a group possesses and leaves behind for the future

Chapters 5 & 6

Groups beliefs and values—language and religion

Chapters 7 & 8

Groups social forms (ethnicity and political institutions) that maintain values and protect the artifacts

KEY ISSUE 1: WHERE ARE FOLK AND POPULAR LEISURE ACTIVITIES DISTRIBUTED

TWO TYPES OF CULTURE

(1) Folk Culture• Traditionally practiced

primarily by small, homogeneous groups living in isolated rural areas

(2) Popular Culture• Found in large, heterogeneous

societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

TWO ELEMENTS EMPHASIZED IN CHAPTER 4

(1) Daily Necessities• Food, clothing, and shelter

• All people consume food, wear clothing, and find shelter

• Different cultural groups do so in distinctive ways

TWO ELEMENTS EMPHASIZED IN CHAPTER 4

(2) Leisure Activities • Arts and recreation

• Each cultural group has its own definition of meaningful art and stimulating recreation

KEY DISTINCTION

Habit • A repetitive act that an

individual performs, such as wearing jeans to class everyday

• Has NOT been adopted by most of the society’s population

Custom• A repetitive act of a group,

performed to the extent that it becomes the characteristic of the group, such as many students typically wearing jeans to class

• Habit that has been widely adopted by a group of people

• Culture refers to a group’s entire collection of customs

CHARACTERISTICS OF FOLK AND POPULAR CULTUREThe origin, diffusion, and distribution

ORIGINCulture originates at a hearth, a center of

innovationFolk Culture Popular Culture

• Often has an anonymous hearth, with anonymous sources, at unknown dates, through unidentified originators

• May have multiple hearths, originating independently in isolated locations

• Most often originates in developed countries, especially North America and Europe

• Typically traceable to a specific person or corporation in a particular place

• Arise from a combination of industrial technology and increased leisure time• Ex. iPhones

DIFFUSIONDiffusion is the spread of culture

Folk Culture Popular Culture• Transmitted from one location to another

slowly and on a small scale• Diffused primarily through relocation

diffusion (migration)

• Diffuses rapidly and extensively from hearths or nodes of innovation with help of modern communications

• Typically follows hierarchical diffusion

DISTRIBUTIONDistribution is the arrangement across

Earth’s surface

Folk Culture Popular Culture• A combination of local physical and

cultural factors influence the distributions

• Isolated cultural groups in close proximity may develop distinct folk customs

* See the study by Karan and Mathers of cultural groups in the Himalayas

• Distributed widely across many countries, without regard for physical factors

• Influenced by the ability of people to access the material

• Principal obstacle is lack of income to purchase the material

YOUR CULTURAL ELEMENT ASSIGNMENT

• Please take a look at the “You Cultural Element” sheet that you picked up at the beginning of class

• Only ONE person in each class can present a specific element—in other words, two people in the same class CANNOT choose the same cultural element

• Sign up sheets are posted on the board—this is about “first in time,” which means the first person to sign up gets to present that particular cultural element

• Do NOT pressure somebody who has already signed for a cultural element that you were considering