Thursday, March 5...2. The Bill of Rights Homework 1. Make sure you have HEADPHONES for tomorrow. 2....
Transcript of Thursday, March 5...2. The Bill of Rights Homework 1. Make sure you have HEADPHONES for tomorrow. 2....
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Agenda 1. Turn in Amendment Paragraphs
(Please make sure your organizer is stapled on the back.)
2. The Bill of Rights
Homework 1. Make sure you have HEADPHONES
for tomorrow. 2. Current Events for Group #4 and
PEER RESPONSE #1 Due TOMORROW, March 6th.
Thursday, March 5th 7B Social Studies
Inquiry: What is the Bill of Rights? How did it come about? What rights does it guarantee individuals in the United States? Goal: Students will be able to read, understand, and describe the Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments of the Constitution). (CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-8.1 and CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-8.2)
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It’s time to turn in your Article V paragraphs!
1. Please make sure that your name is on your paragraph.
2. Please staple your organizer to the paragraph before you turn it in.
3. Please see me at the end of class if you are not turning in your paragraph to arrange for Homework Assistance, if necessary.
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Ratification of the Constitution, Federalists versus Anti-Federalists,
and The Bill of Rights
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Ratification of the Constitution: Background
• At the Constitutional Convention, representatives from each state (except Rhode Island) met to craft a plan of government to replace the weak Articles of Confederation.
• Most delegates wanted a strong national government, at least one strong enough to levy taxes and raise an army.
• However, many delegates were concerned about making the central government too strong; they did not want the central government to completely overrule state governments or infringe on individuals’ rights.
• After much debate, the Constitution was finally signed in September 1787. It was then sent to the states to be approved.
But the story didn’t end there…
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Ratification of the Constitution: Requirements
• Before the Constitution could become the law of the land in the United States, it would need to be ratified by two-thirds of the states or nine out of the thirteen original states.
• The first two major political parties of the United States, the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, would need to compromise in order to get the Constitution ratified. The Bill of Rights was the heart of that compromise.
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Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists • Favored ratification. Wanted a strong national government. • The Federalists supported the Constitution as it was. After all, it
was decided upon by representatives from each state. • The Federalists pointed out that the Constitution had protections
against tyranny or abuse of power: ! Separation of power between the state and federal governments
(federalism) ! Separation of power between the three branches of government ! Checks and balances between the three branches of government ! Balance between equal and proportional representation to ensure
that small states would have a say in government • The Federalists wrote the “Federalist Papers” to encourage states
to approve the Constitution.
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Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Anti-Federalists • Opposed ratification and wanted a weak national government.
Feared that a strong national government would threaten people’s rights.
• They argued that states should have more power because they were closer to the people. What could a national government possibly know about state and city problems?
• Also, the Anti-Federalists were very unhappy that there was no Bill of Rights – nothing to guarantee individual freedoms and rights.
• Those opposed set out to campaign against the Constitution, arguing that it would create a government with so much power, it would just be like having a king again.
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How Did They Compromise? • Both sides (the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists)
tried to convince people their side was correct in essays printed in newspapers (primarily in New York and Virginia).
• After great debate, all thirteen states finally ratified the Constitution. Several states ratified the Constitution only on the condition that a Bill of Rights protecting individuals from a possibly abusive government would be added to the Constitution as soon as possible.
• The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments of the Constitution. The Bill of Rights was ratified and became part of the Constitution in 1791, three years after the Constitution became effective.
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First Amendment
The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, the press, assembly, and petition.
This means that we all have the following rights: • to have a government that does not promote one
religion over others (Establishment Clause) • to practice any religion freely (Free Exercise Clause) • to free speech • to assemble (meet) • to address the government (petition) • to publish newspapers, TV, radio, Internet (press)
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Freedom of Religion • “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment
of religion or prohibiting the free exercise there of” • Two Separate Guarantees:
! Establishment Clause – the government cannot establish a state religion or promote a religion (separation of church and state)
! Free Exercise Clause – the government cannot outlaw a religion
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Establishment Clause -‐ The Government Can Cannot
• Teach about religions in school
• Allow voluntary prayer • Transport students to a religious school
• Read Bible for culture or literary content
• Set a state religion • Require students to pray
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Free Exercise — A Person Can Cannot
• Choose whatever religion he or she wants to pracEce
• Lead a prayer • Ask quesEons about religions
• Break the law and claim a religious belief required you to do so
• Raise children without any educaEon (can be homeschooled)
• Deprive children of basic needs
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Freedom of Speech
• “Congress shall make no laws . . . abridging the freedom of speech”
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Free Speech – An Individual Can Cannot
• Say any poliEcal belief • Protest against the
government • Say things about someone
that are true • Burn the flag • Say offensive slogans, to a
degree • Free speech means
someone might say something you disagree with
• Threaten to blow up airplanes, schools or the president
• Incite people to commit violence
• Use disrespecRul, vulgar language in schools
• Engage in hate crimes
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Freedom of the Press
• Congress shall make no law . . . abridging . . . the freedom of the press.”
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Freedom of the Press – The Press Can Cannot
• Print any poliEcal posiEon
• Make fun of people, especially poliEcians
• Expose wrongs by the government
• Say things you might not agree with
• Libel – intenEonally injure a person’s reputaEon by false facts
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Freedom of Assembly • Congress shall make no law . . . Abridging . . . The people to peaceably assemble”
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Freedom of Assembly — An Individual Can Cannot
• Protest • Parade (with a permit)
• Gang members can congregate in public
• Protest by throwing rocks and breaking windows
• Assemble on private land against the owner’s will
• Assemble aVer a teen curfew
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PeEEon the Government “Congress shall make no law . . . Abridging . . . the people. . . to peEEon the government for a redress of grievances”
• You can communicate with government representaEves and ask for changes
• You may sue the government for wrongs
• You cannot be punished for exposing wrongs by the government