Thrusters Numerical Analysis of Flow Around a Thruster · Drag of a thruster-house is present both...
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Thrusters
Numerical Analysis of Flow Around a Thruster
Norbert W. H. Bulten
Wärtsilä Propulson, Netherlands
October 17-18, 2006
Return to Session Directory
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© Wärtsilä
Norbert Bulten18 October 2006
Numerical Analysis of Flow around a Thruster
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� General introduction about thrusters� Application of nozzles� Performance predictions issues
� Research method: CFD� State-of-art numerical techniques� Experience at Wartsila with CFD� Basic priciples of CFD
� Results of analyses� Propeller-HR-nozzle configuration� Complete thruster-unit
� Conclusions
Topics
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General thruster introduction
� Thrusters are applied for:� Dynamic positioning� Heavy lift vessels� Offshore support vessels� Cable laying vessels� Tugs
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General thruster introduction
� Thrusters can be equipped with or without nozzle
Lips HR-nozzle
Open propeller
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Application of nozzles
� Nozzles are applied to increase thrust at low ship speed. Typical examples of low speed operation are:
� Bollard pull � Dynamic positioning� Fishing� Heavy lift vessels
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Application of nozzles
� Basic principle of nozzle: section acts similar as wing section
� Pressure distribution around nozzle changes due to propeller action
Additional thrust
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Typical nozzle types
� Cross-sectional profile of nozzles:
� 19A� 37� LIPS-HR
� Full scale measurements show 8% bollard pull improvement for HR compared to 19A
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Performance prediction of nozzles
� In general, open propeller performance is based on model scale experiments.
� Full scale performance is based on measured data in combination with scaling methods (ITTC’78)
� Scaling of ducted propellers (=propeller + nozzle configuration) not well understood
� New nozzle designs, like Lips HR-nozzle, do not behave like old 19A nozzles.
� Advanced numerical method (CFD) is applied to predict full scale performance of propeller with HR-nozzle
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Performance prediction of thrusters
� Conventional thruster performance is based on model scale measurements.
� Scaling of thruster performance is more complex than ducted propeller, due to strut and thruster house
� Full scale performance of thruster unit can be based directly on state-of-the-art numerical calculations.
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Introduction to CFD
� CFD = Computational Fluid Dynamics
� State-of-the-Art numerical method to calculate flow field in three-dimensions
� Velocity� Pressure distributions
� Method takes scaling effects into account
� Applications in industry:� Formula 1� Marine� Oil and gas� ….� …
Fire and smoke dispersion
(www.cd-adapco.com)
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Examples of CFD results
� Experience at Wartsila Propulsion with CFD� Propellers� Thrusters� Waterjets� Propeller – hull interaction
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Basic principles of CFD
� Definition of numerical domain around geometry of interest (for example thruster unit)
� Numerical domain is split in large number of small cells -> grid or mesh with about 1.000.000 cells
� Velocity and pressure are solved in each cell
� Results of velocity field and pressure distribution are analyzed. This provides among others forces on the thruster:
� Propeller thrust� Nozzle thrust� Resistance of thruster house
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Results of HR-nozzle analyses
� Comparison of model scale and full-scale calculations
� Open water efficiency is not suitable for bollard pull analysis
� Merit coefficient is used instead:
� Results for Ka5-75 propeller show 9% increase
q
tt
K
K
mc
23
=π
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
model scale full scale
" "
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Results of thruster-unit analyses
� Pressure distribution along thruster unit
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Results of thruster-unit analyses
� Thrust and resistance of thruster-unit is analyzed for all parts separately:
propeller
nozzle
gearhouse
strut
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Drag of thruster house
� Resistance of thruster house is present at low J values
Resistance of thruster house
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
J [-]
Dra
g c
oef
fici
ent
bas
ed o
n p
rop
elle
r R
PM
an
d d
iam
eter
Kd_tot
Kd_house
Kd_strut
Curve-fit_overall
Curve_fit-house
Curve-fit-strut0
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Conclusions
� Bollard pull performance of HR-nozzle at full scale is significantly better than on model scale
� Drag of a thruster-house is present both at low ship speed and high ship speed. Though, the cause is different.
� The state-of-the-art numerical method of CFD is suitable to predict the full scale performance of ducted propellers and complete thruster units.