Three Religions PPT
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Transcript of Three Religions PPT
Middle Eastern ReligionsMarch 12, 2012
Objectives– Define Monotheism– Identify the three major Middle
Eastern Monotheistic Religions– Summarize the Major Features of
each Religion– Compare and Contrast these
Religions to understand similarities – Analyze the relationship that each
of these religions have with Jerusalem
Religions of the Middle East• Monotheism
– Belief in One God• Polytheism
– Belief in many gods• Abrahamic
Religions– Religion tracing
back to Abraham• Islam, Christianity,
Judaism
Judaism• Abraham, “Father” of Judaism• 1000 BCE – Israel established• Center of Jewish faith - Temple • After WWII (Holocaust) – State of Israel
created• Holy Text: Torah-First five books of Old
Testament
Judaism • Sects of Judaism
– Orthodox– Conservative– Reform
• Beliefs– One God created the
universe– “Messiah” or “Savior”
• Will come to earth• Rebuild the Temple• Rule a new Kingdom of
Israel
Christianity• Sect of Judaism• Most holy place (Jerusalem)
– Location of Jesus’ death and resurrection• Growth of Christianity
– Started as a fairly small religion– 313 CE: Roman Emperor Constantine
converted, leading to official religion of Roman Empire
– Modern day: Largest religion with many denominations-approx. 2 billion followers
Christianity• Break between Rome and
Constantinople– Leads to Roman Catholicism and Eastern
Orthodox• Martin Luther leads Protestant
Reformation-1517- Thirty Years War in Europe
• Ten Commandments and the Bible• Many sects believe in the Holy Trinity
– Father, Son, and the Holy Ghost
Islam• “Allah”
– Same God Jews and Christians believe in
• Adam and Eve • Abraham is the father of their
people• Jesus is a great prophet, but
not God• 610 CE: Allah reveals the
Koran to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel
• Koran main holy text, but also consider the Bible and Torah holy
Islam• Flight to Jerusalem• Rapidly spread
throughout Middle East, into Africa and Europe
• Ascension to Heaven occurred in same location where Jewish Temple used to stand
• Dome of the Rock now stands here
Sunni/Shia Divide• Sunnis are the majority (85%)• Shiites mostly in Iran, some in Iraq• Mainly the same religion with
differences in prayer and leadership
adherents called Sunnis Shiites, Shi'i meaning of name "well-trodden path" or "tradition" "party" or "partisans" of Ali current adherents 940 million 120 million percentage of total Muslims 90% 10%primary locations most Muslim countries Iran, Iraq, Yemen subsects none, but four major schools of
Muslim law are recognized Ithna 'Ashariyah (Twelvers; the
largest), Isma'iliyah and Zaydiyahorigins c. 632 CE; theology developed
especially in 10th cent. c. 632-650 CE; killing of Ali's son Husayn in 680 CE is major event
did Muhammad designate a successor? no yes
true successor of the Prophet Abu Bakr, father of the Prophet's
favoured wife, 'A'ishah (elected by people of Medina)
'Ali ibn Abi Talib, husband of the Prophet's daughter Fatimah (designated by the Prophet)
qualifications for ruler of Islam tribe of the Prophet (Quraysh); later, any qualified ruler family of the Prophet
current leaders imams mujtahids
identity of imams human leaders infallible manifestations of God and perfect interpreters of the Qur'an
Al Mahdi will come in the future
was already on earth, is currently the "hidden imam" who works through mujtahids to intepret
Qur'an; and will return at the end of time
religious authority other than the Qu'ran
ijma' (consensus) of the Muslim community infallible imams
concealing faith for self-protection (taqiya)
affirmed under certain circumstances emphasized
temporary marriage (mut'ah) practiced in the Prophet's time, but now rejected still practiced
holy cities Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, Najaf, Karbala
major holidays Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr, Ashura
Jerusalem• Holy city for all three religions• Controlled by each group throughout
points in history (currently the Israeli government)
• Why would this lead to conflict?