Three Approaches to the Presidency Historical Historical Institutional Institutional Character...
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Transcript of Three Approaches to the Presidency Historical Historical Institutional Institutional Character...
Three Approaches to the Three Approaches to the PresidencyPresidency
HistoricalHistorical InstitutionalInstitutional CharacterCharacter
1. Historical1. Historical
Historical: Presidential PowerHistorical: Presidential Power
War: War: Presidents’ Military Service
Historical: EligibilityHistorical: Eligibility
Who can be Who can be president?president?
2. Institutional Approach2. Institutional Approach
Basic StructureBasic Structure
US Constitution
Executive
Legislative Judicial
Cabinet-Style Government Government(standard organizational structure)(standard organizational structure)
PresidentSecretary of… Secretary of… Secretary of…
Deputy Sec of…
Undersecretary of…
Undersecretary of…
Assistant Secretary of…
Assistant Secretary of…
Assistant Secretary of…
Career vs. AppointeeCareer vs. Appointee
Transition 2000-2001Transition 2000-2001
ClintonClinton WW
CareerCareer
Advisors to the PresidentAdvisors to the President
3. Character3. Character
Character: The GoodCharacter: The Good
Character: The BadCharacter: The Bad
Character: The RidiculousCharacter: The Ridiculous
What decides the outcome of a President’s attempts to pass legislation or to get his agenda implemented?
Persuasion-Bargaining Model The individual President
matters Success or failure in the
presidency is idiosyncratic What matters?
• The President’s character• The President’s political skill
and strategy• The President’s intelligence• The President’s imagination
Institutional Model The individual President does
not matter Success of failure in the
presidency is based on institutional and historical forces
What matters?• The political pressures on the
president• The institutional relationships
of the US government (Congress, Depts, lobby groups)
• Party control of the executive and legislative branches
• The historical context
Cycles of Political TimeCycles of Political Time
1. Politics ofReconstruction
2. Politics ofArticulation
3. Politics ofDisjunction
The New Deal OrderThe New Deal Order
1.FDR1933-45
2. LBJ1963-69
3. Carter1977-81
Key IssuesKey Issues
1.1. Presidential DominationPresidential Domination
2.2. Institutional EnvironmentInstitutional Environment
3.3. Cycles of Presidential PowerCycles of Presidential Power
1. Presidential Domination1. Presidential Domination
Lincoln MemorialLincoln Memorial
Jefferson MemorialJefferson Memorial
Mt. RushmoreMt. Rushmore
FDR MemorialFDR Memorial
Speaker of the House Monument?Speaker of the House Monument?
2. Institutional Environment2. Institutional Environment
TimeTime
State Governments
State Courts
Congress
Federal Judiciary
People
Media
BureaucracyPresident
3. Cycles of Presidential Power3. Cycles of Presidential Power
LBJ/Nixon LBJ/Nixon Reagan Reagan Bush 43Bush 43
Carter/FordCarter/Ford Bush Bush 41/Clinton41/Clinton
Early Debates on the ExecutiveEarly Debates on the Executive
HamiltonHamilton Madison Madison
Presidential powerPresidential power checks and checks and balances balances
Creating the ExecutiveCreating the Executive
Articles of Confederation US Constitution The Federalist Papers Anti-Federalist PapersAnti-Federalist Papers
Enough Intro…Enough Intro…
Design of the US GovernmentDesign of the US Government
Articles of ConfederationUS Constitution
Executive
Legislative Judicial
Institutional PowersInstitutional Powers Article One:Article One:
Congressional PowersCongressional Powers Declare WarDeclare War Raise and support Raise and support
armed forcesarmed forces Regulate armed Regulate armed
forcesforces Senate: approve Senate: approve
executive branch executive branch officialsofficials
Senate: advise and Senate: advise and consent on treatiesconsent on treaties
Tax and Spend Tax and Spend moneymoney
Article Two: Article Two:
Executive PowersExecutive Powers Make treatiesMake treaties Appoint officials Appoint officials
and ambassadorsand ambassadors Commander-in-chief Commander-in-chief
of armed forcesof armed forces
Supreme CourtJudicial ReviewJudicial Review
Marbury V. Madison 1803
““Implied Powers” in Implied Powers” in ConstitutionConstitution
McCulloch V. Maryland 1819
John Marshall, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, 1801-1835
Executive OrdersExecutive OrdersBy President since FDRBy President since FDR
Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation 9/22/629/22/62
FDR’s Orders 1937FDR’s Orders 1937 Carter creates FEMA 7/20/79Carter creates FEMA 7/20/79 Bush creates HSC and OHS 10/8/01Bush creates HSC and OHS 10/8/01 Bush Military Order on Unlawful Bush Military Order on Unlawful
Enemy Combatants 11/13/01Enemy Combatants 11/13/01 Obama Executive Order on Obama Executive Order on
Immigration 11/20/14Immigration 11/20/14
Choosing a PresidentChoosing a President
Electoral VotesElectoral Votes 12th Amendment12th Amendment Election ResultsElection Results Electoral College RulesElectoral College Rules
Electoral CollegeElectoral College
Number of electoral votes: 538Number of electoral votes: 538• Number of House of Reps seats Number of House of Reps seats
Based on populationBased on population
• Number of Senate seatsNumber of Senate seats Two per StateTwo per State
State wide electionsState wide elections Winner of state vote gets Winner of state vote gets
electoral voteselectoral votes Winner needs 270Winner needs 270
Actually Electing the President 2012
November 6, 2012—Election Day: The voters in each State chose electors to serve in the Electoral College.
December 17, 2012—Meeting of Electors: The electors in each State met to select the President and Vice President of the United States.
December 26, 2012—Deadline for Receipt of Electoral Votes: Federal and State officials had to have the electoral votes in hand.
January 4, 2013—Electoral Votes Counted in Congress.
Electoral Votes 2008Electoral Votes 2008
Electoral College 2016Electoral College 2016
Red States 2016 (180 EV)Red States 2016 (180 EV)
Blue States 2016 (215 EV)Blue States 2016 (215 EV)
Swing States (143 EV)Swing States (143 EV)
2012 Results (332-206)2012 Results (332-206)Obama VictoryObama Victory
Problems?Problems?
18241824 18761876 18881888 20002000 US Election AtlasUS Election Atlas
Before the 12Before the 12thth Amendment Amendment