a) Atlas, first cervical vertebra.b) Axis (epistropheus), second cervical vertebra.c) Seventh cervical vertebra.d) Vertebral canal.e) Odontoid process of the axis.f) First thoracic vertebra.g) Twelfth thoracic vertebra.h) First lumbar vertebra.i) Fifth lumbar vertebra.k) First (true) rib.l) Seventh (true) rib.m) First false or eighth rib.n) Last (twelfth) rib.o) Manubrium sterni.p) Body of sternum.q) Xiphoid process sterni.r) Clavicle.s) Scapula.t) Glenoid cavity of scapula (for the head of the humerus).

The bones of the pelvis, from its anterior side.

Translated by: Ronald A. Bergman, PhD and Adel K. Afifi, MD, MSPeer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

A) Sacral bone (os).B) Coxal bone.C) Os ilium.D) Os ischii.E) Os pubis.

a) Superior oblique process of sacral bone.b) Body of the sacral bone (with the prominence [sacral vertebral angle]).c) Internal arcuate line (marks true from false pelvis).d) Anterior sacral foramen.e) Internal arcuate line of the ilium.f) Sacro-iliac symphysis.g) Iliac crest.h) Anterior superior iliac spine.i) Anterior inferior iliac spine.k) Anterior semilunar incisure of the iliac bone.l) Ischial spine.m) Iliopectinate tubercle (pubic tubercle).n) Acetabulum.o) Acetabular lipp) Acetabular notch.q) Obturator foramen.r) Horizontal ramus of the pelvic bone.s) Pubic spine.t) Descending ramus of the pubic bone.u) Symphysis of the pubic bone (beneath, the pubic angle or arch).

v) Ascending ramus of the ischial bone.w) Ischial tuberosity.x) Descending ramus of the ischial bone.

Plate Index | Title Page

Two ribs seen from the lateral and medial sides.

Translated by: Ronald A. Bergman, PhD and Adel K. Afifi, MD, MSPeer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

A) Posterior extremity of rib.B) Body of the rib.C) Anterior extremity of rib.

a) Capitulum (head).b) Collum (Neck).c) Tubercle.d) Angle.e) Upper margin.f) Lower margin.g) Outer surface.h) Inner surface.i) Costal sulcus or groove for intercostal artery, vein, and nerve

The sternum seen from its anterior surface.

Translated by: Ronald A. Bergman, PhD and Adel K. Afifi, MD, MSPeer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

A) Manubrium.B) Body.C) Xiphoid (ensiform) process.

a) Superior semilunar incisure (sternal notch).b) Clavicular cavity or notch.c) Notch for 1st rib.d) Notch for 2nd rib.e) Costal notches (articular fovea).f) Lateral semilunar notches.g) Transverse line.h) Suprasternal ossiculum.

The right innominate (coxal) bone, seen from within, and through the lines of union of the ilium, ischium, and pubic bones.

Translated by: Ronald A. Bergman, PhD and Adel K. Afifi, MD, MSPeer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

A. Ilium.B. Ischium.C. Pubis.D. Obturator foramen (passage by a small aperature for the obturator artery, vein, and nerve).

a) Iliac crest (origin for mm quadratus femoris and latissimous dorsi; with an external lip for m external abdominal oblique, internal lip for m. internal oblique and intermediate line for m transverses abdominus).b) Anterior superior iliac spine (origin for mm sartorius and tensor fasciae latae).c) Anterior inferior iliac spine (origin for m rectus femoris).d) Posterior superior iliac spine.e) Posterior inferior iliac spine.f) Anterior semilunar notch.g) Posterior semilunar notch.h) Tubercle of the iliac bone.i) Auricular face (formed with the auricular face of the sacral bone of the sacral ilica symphysis).

k) Internal arcuate or terminal line (or the line demarking the greater and lesser (or true) pelvis).l) Greater sciatic notch (passage for m piriformis and inferior gluteal artery, vein and nn inferior gluteal, sciatic, and pudendal).m) Body of the ischial bone (with the continuation of the greater sciatic notch).n) Descending ramus of the ischium.o) Ascending ramus of the ischium (origin for mm ischiocavernosus, gracilis, adductor magnus, and transversus prostatae).p) Ischial spine (origin for sacrospinous ligament, mm gemulus superior and coccygeus).q) Ischial tuberosity (origin for sacrotuberous ligament, mm gemulus inferior, quadatus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus, tranverse pernei profundus).r) Lesser sciatic foramen (passage for m obturator internus, artery, vein and internal pudendal nerve).s) Horizontal ramus of the pubic bone.t) Descending ramus of the pubic bone.u) Iliopectineal tuberosity.v) Pubic crest (origin of m pectineus).w) Pubic spine (attachment for the inguinal ligament).x) Pubic symphysis.y) Iliac fossa (inner concave surface of the ilium and the origin of m. internal iliac).

The left pelvis, seen from the outside.

Translated by: Ronald A. Bergman, PhD and Adel K. Afifi, MD, MSPeer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

Magnified View (via Quicktime VR)

A) Ilium.B) Ischium.C) Pubis.D) Obturator foramen (passage by a small aperature for the obturator artery, vein, and nerve).E) Acetabulum (for the head of the femoral bone).

a) Iliac crest (origin for mm quadratus femoris and latissimous dorsi; with an external lip for m external abdominal oblique, internal lip for m. internal oblique and intermediate line for m transverses abdominus).b) Anterior superior iliac spine (origin for mm sartorius and tensor fasciae latae).c) Anterior inferior iliac spine (origin for m rectus femoris).d) Posterior superior iliac spine.e) Posterior inferior iliac spine.f) Anterior semilunar notch.g) Posterior semilunar notch.h) Tubercle of the iliac bone.i) Auricular face (formed with the auricular face of the sacral bone of the sacral ilica

symphysis).k) Internal arcuate or terminal line (or the line demarking the greater and lesser (or true) pelvis).l) Greater sciatic notch (passage for m piriformis and inferior gluteal artery, vein and nn inferior gluteal, sciatic, and pudendal).m) Body of the ischial bone (with the continuation of the greater sciatic notch).n) Descending ramus of the ischium.o) Ascending ramus of the ischium (origin for mm ischiocavernosus, gracilis, adductor magnus, and transversus prostatae).p) Ischial spine (origin for sacrospinous ligament, mm gemulus superior and coccygeus).q) Ischial tuberosity (origin for sacrotuberous ligament, mm gemulus inferior, quadatus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus, tranverse pernei profundus).r) Lesser sciatic foramen (passage for m obturator internus, artery, vein and internal pudendal nerve).s) Horizontal ramus of the pubic bone.t) Descending ramus of the pubic bone.u) Iliopectineal tuberosity.v) Pubic crest (origin of m pectineus).w) Pubic spine (attachment for the inguinal ligament).x) Pubic symphysis.y) Iliac fossa (inner concave surface of the ilium and the origin of m. internal iliac).

) Acetabular supercilium.) Lunate face (with two horns).) Fossa for ligament capitis femoris.) Acetabular notch.

The os coccygis seen from the front.

Translated by: Ronald A. Bergman, PhD and Adel K. Afifi, MD, MSPeer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

a) – d) First to fourth (false) vertebrae.e) Articular cavity ( for the point of the sacral bone).f) Coccygeal cornu.g) Transverse process.

The os coccygis seen from behind.

Translated by: Ronald A. Bergman, PhD and Adel K. Afifi, MD, MSPeer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

a) – d) First to fourth (false) vertebrae.e) Articular cavity ( for the point of the sacral bone).f) Coccygeal cornu.g) Transverse process.