Thomas & Chess
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Transcript of Thomas & Chess
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Thomas & Chess
• Longitudinal study in the early 1950s regarding infant temperament
• Measured nine temperament characteristics each of which affects how well a child fits in at school, with their friends, and at home.
• Identified three types: easy, difficult, slow to warm up
(1)activity level (2)regularity-eating/sleeping/elimination (3)new object approach or withdrawal (4)Adaptability (5)sensitivity to stimuli (6)intensity of reaction (7)quality of mood (8) distractibility (9)attention span and persistence
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Abraham Maslow Created the Hierarchy of Needs which
includes the most fundamental needs going up to self-actualization
Studied the healthiest 1% of college population
Believed that every human had the capacity to reach highest potential
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Stage One Trust
vs. Mistrust
Birth to 18
monthsFeeding Mother
Can I trust the world?
Is it okayto be me?
Stage Two Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
2 to 4 Years
Potty Trainin
gFamily
Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
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Stage 3: 3 to 5 YearsEgo Development Outcome: Initiative vs. GuiltBasic Strength: Purpose
Stage 4: 6 to 12 YearsEgo Development Outcome: Industry vs. InferiorityBasic Strengths: Method and Competence
Eric Erikson Stage 3 and 4
Copy adults around them Create play situationso make up storieso play out roles
Capable of learning, creating and accomplishing new skills and knowledge-Industry
Social stage of developmentMost significant relationship is with the school and neighborhood
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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“It is only after a reasonable sense of identity has been established that real intimacy with others can be possible.” ~Erik Erikson: Identity and the Life Cycle, 1959
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Adolescent: 12-18 years of age
Success=Virtue of Fidelity
What is my goal in life?Who am I?
Developing a sense of morality: right and
wrong
Devoted to causes, friends,
and ideals
Young Adult:18-35
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Success=Virtue of Love
Can I love?Significant
relationships: marriage
partner and friends
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Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
Stage 1: Obedience or Punishment Stage 2: Self-Interest
Stage 3: Social ConformityStage 4: Law and Order
Stage 5: Social ContractStage 6: Universal Ethics