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“This world is a water world, a planet dominated by its covering mantle of ocean,
in which the continents are but transient intrusionsof land above the all-encircling sea.”
- Rachel Carson, the Sea Around Us
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Studies in Ocean and Human Health
• From Monsoons to Microbes: Understanding the Ocean’s Role in Human Health (National Academy of Sciences)
• Marine Ecosystems: Emerging Diseases as Indicators of Change - the Health, Ecological and Economic Dimensions (CHGE/Harvard)
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Studies in Ocean and Human Health
• NSF/NIEHS• University of Hawaii
• University of Miami
• University of Washington
• Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)
• NOAA• The Hollings Laboratory (Charleston, South Carolina)
• NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center in (Seattle, Washington)
• NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
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Healthy Oceans, Healthy Humans Exhibit
Oceans Heal
Oceans Nourish
Solutions
Oceans Protect
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Oceans Heal
• Over 50% of the most prescribed medicine in U.S. is derived or patterned after compounds from nature Pacific Yew Tree - Taxol
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Medicine from the SeaCompound Source Disease Area
Ziconotide Cone Snail Chronic Pain
AM336 Cone Snail Chronic Pain
GTS21 Nemertine Worm Alzheimer’s/ Schizophrenia
LAF389 Sponge Cancer
Bryostatin Bryozoan Cancer
OAS1000 Soft Coral Wound Healing/ Inflammation
Doalastin Sea Slug Cancer
Yondelis Sea Squirt Cancer
IPL512602 Sponge Inflammation/ Asthma
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Cone Snails
•500 Species
•Reef dwellers
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• 1000 times more potent than morphine• No tolerance• No addiction• Specific
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Reefs: Medicine Chest of the Sea
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Global Distribution of Reefs
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Coral Bleaching
• 26% of all corals are bleached
• 11% destroyed
• 60% at significant risk
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Coral Disease
Coral Plague
Black-band disease
Unknown
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Oceans Nourish
• 16% of global animal protein
• Asia’s primary source of protein
• Omega-3s help protect against heart disease
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US Consumption
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Estimates say per capita consumption of seafood will rise to 16 pounds (from 14.8 pounds in 2001) by 2020, up 4 billion pounds per year.
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Seafood Industry
28 million Americans. MA alone: $200 million in 1998
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Mercury emissions
2000-4000 metric tons yearly
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Geochemical Cycle of MercuryGeochemical Cycle of Mercury
Adapted from US Dept. of Interior’s Report on Hg in the Florida Everglades
Air Emissions are 10- 80% of Water
Burden!
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Worldwide mercury emissions
(Data from Pacyna)
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Total annual deposition (UNEP, 2002)
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Mercury effect as delay in development (months, age 7) for
each doubling of exposure
Motor (Finger tapping, PH) 0.9
Attention (CPT-reaction time) 1.3
Visuospatial (Bender errors) 0.6
Language (Boston Naming) 1.6
Verbal memory (CVLT short delay) 2.0
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Prolonged III-V interval onbrainstem auditory evoked potentials at recent exposure(hair-Hg) in 14-yr-old children
Murata et al., Journal of Pediatrics, in press
New WHO exposure limit
U.S.EPA exposure limit
FDAexposurelimit
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Recommended Fish Meals per Month Based on Methylmercury Fish Tissue Levels
MeHg (mg/kg fish) Meals per Month (8 oz)
0.1 9
0.2 4.5
0.3 3.0
0.4 2.3
0.5 1.8
0.6 1.5
0.7 1.3
0.8 1.1
0.9 1
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One serving per week is safe foran adult woman if below 0.5 ppm
One serving per week is safe for a child ifbelow 0.17 ppm
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Overfishing
Of the 157 stock groups in U.S. waters, 56 (36 %) are known to be over-exploited, while 70 (44 %) are fished at the maximum level.
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Oceans Protect
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Warming: Atmosphere and Oceans
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Ocean Warming
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Extreme WeatherDroughts and Floods, in US and around the world, increasing (IPCC)
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Solutions
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Healthy Oceans, Healthy HumansIS A 700 SQUARE FOOT, WALK-THROUGH, TRAVELING EXHIBIT AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
Adaptable: the flexibility to accommodate a number of institutions
Interactive: Engaging the user/inquiry-based
Experiential: Evoking senses and achieving
Narrative: Employing stories to educate
For healthy humans, we need healthy marine ecosystems