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![Page 1: This work by Chak Chun Hang of the Department Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e545503460f94b4ba9c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
This work by Chak Chun Hang of the Department Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
風力發電機製作及
相關物理計算MAKING OF WIND TURBINEAND RELATED CALCULATION
香港理工大學應用物理學系學生
翟振亨HKPU
Applied Physics StudentChka Chun Hang
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This work by Chak Chun Hang of the Department Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
目錄
引言理論發電機的設計製作過程相關計算演示
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This work by Chak Chun Hang of the Department Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Where do winds come from?風從哪裡來 ?
Because of the temperature differences(溫差 ) around the world
Surface Wind
Convection updraft of rising warm Air
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This work by Chak Chun Hang of the Department Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
What is wind turbine(風力發電機 )?
Wind’s kinetic energy(動能 )
-> electrical energy( 電能 )
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Theory理論
By Lenz’s Law (冷次定律 ) Induced current(感生電流 ) opposes ( 對抗 ) the change of the magnetic force
Heinrich Lenz 海因里希 ·冷次
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Theory理論
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Theory理論
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Induced emf-感生電壓
Where ,N is the number of turn of coil,B is the magnetic field strength
( 磁場強度 )A is the area(面積 ) of the coil
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Design-設計
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Design-設計 (3D View)
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Brace 支架
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Axle 軸
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Turbine 渦輪
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Rotor 轉片
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Coil 電線圈
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Supporting Base支撐底部
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Magnet 磁鐵
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Material-物料
Screw(螺絲 ) x 8 Bearing(滾珠軸承 )x 2Wooden borad(5”x10”) Wooden board(2”x10”)
Copper wire(漆皮銅線 ) Chopstick(筷子 ) x 3Water bottle(水樽 ) Magnet (磁石 )x
4LED 燈 x 1 CD case x 1
)
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This work by Chak Chun Hang of the Department Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Making Process-製作過程
1. Preparing the material
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Making Process-製作過程
2.making the frame(骨架 ) and base
1 2 3
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Making Process-製作過程
Finished product
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Making Process-製作過程
3. Assembly(集合 ) the CD case and the base
1
2
3
4
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Making Process-製作過程
4. making the coil by the copper wire
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Making Process-製作過程
5. assembly to the CD case
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This work by Chak Chun Hang of the Department Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Making Process-製作過程
5. assembly to the CD case
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Making Process-製作過程
6. making the rotor(轉片 )
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Making Process-製作過程
6. making the rotor (轉片 )
1
32
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Making Process-製作過程
7. making the turbine(渦輪 )1
2 4
3
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Making Process-製作過程
7. making the turbine (渦輪 )
5
6
7
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Making Process-製作過程
8. assembly all the component(部件 )
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Final Product-製成品
Finish!!
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Calculation相關計算
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Power(功率 ) of Wind turbine
kinetic energy of a mass in motions is:
The power in the wind is given by the rate of change of energy:
As mass flow rate is given by:
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Power (功率 ) of Wind turbine
Also, the rate of change of distance is given by:
we get:
Hence, the power can be defined as:
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Power (功率 ) of Wind turbine
Power coefficient(功率系數 ),
Cpmax = 0.59
Therefore, the extractable power:
Picture captured from http://www.eoearth.org/article/Betz,_Albert
German physicist Albert Betz
No wind turbine can convert(轉換 ) more than 16/27 (59.3%) of the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy turning a rotor.
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Power (功率 ) of Wind turbine
For this turbine,
假設 ,Power Coefficient(功率系數 ), Cp = 0.5Air density(密度 ), ρ = 1.23 kg/m3
Area of blades(扇葉 ), A= 0.04*0.2 = 0.008 m2
Wind speed(風速 ), v = 20km/h = 5.56 m/sec所以 , P = ½*0.5*1.23*0.008*5.563
= 0.423 W
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Induced voltage-感生電壓
Since,
Thus,
種類 數值N ( 線圈圈數 ) 200
B ( 磁場強度 ) 0.5T
r ( 線圈半徑 ) 0.015m
И ( 線圈數目 ) 4
Δt (週期時間 ) 0.2s
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Induced voltage-感生電壓
Normally, an AA battery(電池 ) is having 1.5V
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Applications(應用 )
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Factor (影響因素 )
Factor(影響因素 ) of output voltage:Wind speed(風速 )Strength of magnet(磁石強度 )
*The number of turns of coil, N(線圈圈數 )*Internal resistance of wire, r(電線內阻 )Since因為 N ->r ,Iout
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延伸探究
內阻同圈數對於輸出電流的連帶關係
計算輸出功率
計算效率
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Demonstration-演示
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完