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Cell Unit Review

2.1 Cell Structure & Function

2.2 Cell Transport

2.3 Enzymes

2.4 Cell Energy

1. Cells have certain structures that perform specific jobs.

o Build and move stuff Ribosomes, SER (lipids), RER (proteins) Golgi and SER/RER; vesicles

o Break stuff down Lysosomes, peroxisomes

o Process energy Mitochondria, chloroplast

o Maintain support/Regulate Entry Cytoskeleton (MT, MF), cell wall; cell membrane

Big

Ide

as!

Obtain Energy (Food)

Get Rid of Waste

Obtain Gases

Make New Parts

Get Needed Chemicals

Balance Water Level

Respond to the Environment

Reproduce

Pro

ble

ms C

ells

Solv

e

Animal cell: Eukaryote

Plant cell: Eukaryote

Cell Types (I)

Plant• All animal

organelles• Cell wall• Chloroplast• Centriole (no

centrosome)

Animal

• No cell wall• No chloroplast• Centriole (with

centrosome)

Bacterial cell: Prokaryote

Cell Types (II)

Eukaryote• all but bacteria• larger• membranous

organelles• Cell membrane• Cell wall (only

plant)• Cilia, flagella

Prokaryote• Only bacteria• smaller• Only ribosomes,

DNA• Cell membrane• Cell wall• Cilia, flagella

Practice Question

Which cell part modifies (changes), sorts, and packages proteins for the cell’s use?

a. Smooth ERb. Golgi Bodyc. Chloroplastd. Nucleus

Practice Question

Which of the following is NOT found in a plant cell?a. Cell Wallb. Cytoplasmc. Mitochondria d. Centrioles (with centrosomes)e. Vacuole

Practice Question

This biomolecule is used in the cell to store energy and takes the formula of CH2O.a. Proteinb. Carbohydratec. Lipidd. Nucleic Acid

Practice Question

Part 1 is the ______________.

a. Mitochondriab. Cytoplasmc. Centriolesd. Nucleus e. Nucleolus

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Practice Question

Part 7 is the ______________.

a. Mitochondriab. Cytoplasmc. Cell membraned. Nucleus e. Nucleolus

Practice Question

Part 3 is the ______________.

a. Ribosomeb. Cytoplasmc. Cell membraned. Nucleus e. Nucleolus

Cell Unit Review

2.1 Cell Structure & Function

2.2 Cell Transport

2.3 Enzymes

2.4 Cell Energy

o Cells use passive and active transport to move materials through the cell membrane.

Big

Idea!

Obtain Energy (Food)

Get Rid of Waste

Obtain Gases

Make New Parts

Get Needed Chemicals

Balance Water Level

Respond to the Environment

Reproduce

Pro

ble

ms C

ells

Solv

e

Word Wall

o Diffusiono Facilitated Diffusiono Osmosiso Active Transporto Permeableo Semi-permeableo Non-permeableo Concentration gradient

Cell Transport

Passive Simple

DiffusionFacilitated Diffusion

ActiveEndocyt

osisExocyt

osisPinocyt

osis

Diffusion:

o The movement of molecules of any substance so that they spread out evenly into available space.

Simple Diffusion

o Diffusion must follow these rules:1. Cannot use ATP energy

2. Always moves molecules along the concentration gradient.

• In other words, diffusion always goes “down hill”.

• High concentration Low concentration

Active Transport Methodso Active Transport is describe by these traits:

o Uses ATP energyo Moves molecules against the concentration

gradient.o In other words, it always goes “up hill”.o Low concentration high concentration

Practice Question

Substances that move materials across a cell’s membrane (from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration) and use channel proteins but no energy, are an example of facilitated diffusion.a. Trueb. False

Practice Question

When materials move across a membrane, the membrane is considered to be ________ to the materials.a. Non-permeableb. Semi-permeablec. Permeabled. None of the above

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Practice Question

While cleaning a salt-water aquarium (with plants adapted to salt water), students remove the plants and place them in a container of distilled water (100% water). Assume that the salt-water plants have a solute concentration of 10% salt inside the cell. What effect will this change in environment have on the plant cells?a. The plant cells will separate from each other.b. The plant cells will shrink.c. The plant cells will expand.d. The plant cells will neither shrink nor expand.

Practice Question

Active transport follows two basic rules: 1) ATP energy is used and

2) molecules move across the cell membrane from areas of high (low) concentration to areas of low (high) concentration.

a. Trueb. False

Obtain Energy (Food)

Get Rid of Waste

Obtain Gases

Make New Parts

Get Needed Chemicals

Balance Water Level

Respond to the Environment

Reproduce

Pro

ble

ms C

ells

Solv

e

Osmosis allows water to pass through the cell membrane.

Big

Idea!

Word Wall

1) Osmosis: diffusion of water 2) Solute: solid dissolved in a liquid3) Solvent: liquid in which solid is dissolved4) Solution: combined solid and liquid 5) Hypotonic: solution that has a lower

concentration than inside a cell. 6) Hypertonic: solution that has a higher

concentration compared to the inside a cell. 7) Isotonic: solution that has the same

concentration compared to the inside a cell.

Osmosis: The Basics

Water moves from areas of more water to areas of less water until equilibrium is reached. In other words, it is the diffusion of water.

Osmosis is the diffusion of water.

Water will travel down its concentration gradient (from high to low).

Requires no ATP energy

Water balance between cells and their surroundings is important.

“Same Stuff (Inside & Out)”

Isotonic Solution: Solute concentration is equal (inside and

outside). Water concentration is equal (inside and

outside) Effect: No change in cell shape or

size.

Isotonic

“Less Stuff (Outside the cell)”

Hypotonic Solution: Solute concentration outside the cell

the cell is less than inside. Water concentration outside the cell

is greater than inside. Effect: Cell will expand.

Hypotonic

“More Stuff (Outside the cell)”

Hypertonic Solution: Solute concentration outside the

cell is greater than inside. Water concentration outside the

cell is less than outside. Effect: Cell shrinks

Hypertonic

Practice Question

True or False: The cell is in a hypertonic solution.a. Trueb. False

Practice Question

True or False: Predict the future of this cell.a. Take in water and expand

b. Lose water and shrinkc. Stay the same

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