This is not a Bit-Pipe : A Political Economy of the Substrate Network.

8/13/2019 This is not a Bit-Pipe : A Political Economy of the Substrate Network.

1/26


2/26

!"#$%& ()*+,%- "./ 01./" *2,&%

13 14 .23 3$% #251.6 3-1758$ 29 /1613"& 42#1"&145: 2- 3$% 8-15"#, 29 28%. 427-#% "4 "

7.1;%-4"& 82&131#"& 52/%&< !"3$%-: 13 14 "&+",4 82441=&%: "./ 9-25 3$% 8%-48%#31;% 29 #26.131;%#"813"&145: 8-2913"=&%: 32 3-"/% 1. 3$% -$%32-1# 29 .%3+2->%/ 73281": "./ 1. 48%">1.6: 322=974#"3% 3$% -%"&&, /251.".3 5%#$".1#4 %5=%//%/ 1. 3$% 47=43-"3% 29 3$% /1613"& #2552.4:" 82+%-: "4 ?"-/3 "./ @%6-1 5"1.3"1. ABCCDE: %5=2/1%/ 1. 8-28%-3, "./ 97&&, 47882-3%/ =,3$% &"+ 14 32 3-"/% 1. " H$7-#$RI7-1.6 #2.91/%.#% 1. "=43-"#312. R3$% "4#%./".#, 29 &".67"6%: #2/% "./ 4293+"-% 2;%- 3$% 5"3%-1"& /25"1.< SBT I$% /1613".4 14 6-27./%/ 1. 47#$ 5"3%-1"&&, %.3-%.#$%/ 413%4 29 8-2/7#312.< G9 3$% 1/%2&26, 299-%% #7&37-% 14 32 8-26-%44 =%,2./ " 818%R/-%"5: 3$14 8-2J%#3 -%U71-%4 ". "#31;% %.6"6%5%.3+13$ 3$% 82&131#4 29 3$% 47=43-"3% .%3+2->W 29 +$1#$ +% 48%"> 14 #258-14%/ 29 #2.31.6%.3 &261#"& "./ 8$,41#"& 43-"3"X"88&1#"312.4 "./ #2.3%.3Y 3$% $16$%- &%;%& 8-232#2&4 "./ 4%-;1#%4 158&%5%.3%/ 1. 4293+"-%:"./ 3$% &2+%- 47=43-"3% .%3+2-> 2- V8$,41#"& &",%-W: #258-141.6 8$,41#"& $"-/+"-% 47#$ "4#$"..%&4: -273%-4: 432-"6% "./ 8-2#%441.6 3%#$.2&261%4 "./ -%427-#%4 47#$ "4 48%#3-75:="./+1/3$: -%"& %43"3%: 5" . 82+%- "./ %.%-6,< I26%3$%- 3$%4% 92-5 3$% 1.9-"43-7#37-%2. +$1#$ #2.3%.3 14 8-2/7#%/: #1-#7&"3%/ "./ %N3-"#3%/< F$1&% 3$%-% 14 " =7-6%2.1.6"#>.2+&%/6%5%.3 29 3$% 82&131#4 29 4293+"-%: 9-"51.6 O8-232#2&) "4 " =1282&131#"& "-#$13%#37-%"./ &2#"31.6 3$% 82441=1&131%4 92- O%N8&213) 3$-276$ 4293+"-% -%&"3%/ "#31;145 AP"&&2+",: BCCQYP"&&2+", "./ I$"#>%-: BCCZE: " #2.41/%-"312. 29 3$% 82&131#4 29 8$,41#"& 5%/1" 14 &"-6%&,

"=4%.3 9-25 3$14 /14#74412.< [2-% 9-%U7%.3&, 3$14 ="#>=2.% 14 8-%4%.3%/ "4 3$% =%.16.927./"312. 2. +$1#$ " 82&131#"& "-#$13%#37-% 14 158&%5%.3%/?@-0A105 B50C/ADE

/= 0+5 .50C/AD6 =A/; 9/.05.0F 0+A/?G+ 0/ 8/G,918 4A/95--5-F H/C. 0/ 0+5 -?@-0A105 .50C/ADF

C+5A5 ,;;105A,18 1.H ;105A,18 9,A9?,0- /= 4A/H?90,/. 9/.I5AG5F 1.H -/;50,;5- 9/.=8,90E J(K*+,- 4/8,0,918 59/./;< ,- .595--1A< 0/ ,H5.0,=< 0+5 ;/H5- /= -?A48?- 5L0A190,/. 9+1..5885H0+A/?G+ 1 4A/4A,501A< .50C/ADE *+A/?G+ -?9+ 1. 1.18


4/26

!"#$%& ()*+,%- "./ 01./" *2,&%

23 .%4+2-5 #6&46-1747 "./ $"7 8"., "/92#"4%7 1. :24$ 4$% #2-% ";;"-"467%7 23 ;2+%-

"./ #2886.141%7 23 /1"7?61.%&&1@ ABBCDE FGH 0%9%-"


5/26

!" $%&'!()

*+,- ,- ./0 1 2,0'3,45 6 7 3/8,0,918 :9/./;< /= 0+5 >?@-0A105 B50C/ADE

.50C/AD 59/./;< 5F5;48,=,5G @< C5@ HEIJ K18?5 A5-,G5-J 0+5A5=/A5J ./0 /.8< ,. 0+5 5F9+1.L5'

K18?5 /= 9/;;?.,910,/. A5-/?A95- 1.G -5AK,95-J @?0 ,. 0+5,A 5F05.-,/. 0+A/?L+ 1 9/;;/.-4195 /= 9/L.,0,K5 4A/G?90,/.E *+,- ,.98?G5- ,;;105A,18 -?A48?- K/8?.01A,8< 4A/G?95G /. -/9,18.50C/AD-J /45. 4810=/A;- 1.G 98/?G 1A9+,0590?A5- 1.G 0+A/?L+ 0+5 -,=0,.LJ 1GM?G,910,/. 1.GG,--5;,.10,/. /= G101 @< 1. ?.G5A8


6/26

!"#$%& ()*+,%- "./ 01./" *2,&%

! #$%&'&()% *($+$,- $. '/0 1234'5)'0 60'7$58

3. "."&,414 25 #26.1718% #"917"&14: 4;66%474 7$"7 4;-9&;4 %%7+%%. #2::2.4 "./ 9-29-1%7"-, "99"-"7;4%4?3., %.6"6%:%.7 +17$ 7$% 92&171#"& %#2.2:, 25 .%7+2-= #;&7;-%4@ 7$%-%52-%@ -%A;1-%4 "."#=.2+&%/6%:%.7 25 7$% "552-/".#%4 "./ #2.47-"1.74 29%-"71.6 "#-244 "&& &",%-4 25 7$%.%7+2-=? B;-7$%-:2-%@ 17 #"&&4 52- " 7$%2-%71#"& 5-":%+2-= 7$"7 7%"4%4 2;7 7$% ".7"62.14:4>%7+%%. 8"-12;4 :%#$".14:4@ "7 7;-.4 9-29-1%7"-, "./ .2.C9-29-1%7"-,@ 1::"7%-1"& "./:"7%-1"&? D;#$ ". "."&,414 -%A;1-%4 7$%2-%71#"& "./ 92&171#"& 722&4 &"-6%&, ">4%.7 5-2: 7$%/14#2;-4%4 25 >27$ "/82#"7%4 "./ #-171#4 25 7$% /1617"& #2::2.4? EFG

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

K$%4% 9-1.#19&%4 /2 .27 7-".4&"7% 72 7$% 4;>47-"7% .%7+2-=? L. #2.7-"47 72 7$% +1/%&, &";/%/92441>1&171%4 25 5-%% /147-1>;712. 25 42;-#% #2/% "./ 3TL4@ :"7%-1"& -%42;-#%4 29%-"7% ;./%-/155%-%.7 9-29%-7, -%&"712.4? K$%4% -%42;-#%4 #2.71.;% 72 5"#% 7".61>&% #2.47-"1.74 72 7$%1-2+.%-4$19@ 4#"&% "./ /147-1>;712.? K$14 #2.#%-.4 .27 2.&, 7$% 9$,41#"& 1.U%#712. 25 #"917"&

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


7/26

!" $%&'!()

*+,- ,- ./0 1 2,0'3,45 6 7 3/8,0,918 :9/./;< /= 0+5 >?@-0A105 B50C/ADE

*1D5F 1- /.5 5G1;485F 9/.0A/8 /= 0+5 58590A/;1H.50,9 A1I,/ -4590A?;E >4590A?; 4A/J,I5-

0+5 .595--1A< =A5K?5.9< 9+1..58- 0+A/?H+ C+,9+ C,A585-- -,H.18- 4A/41H105E LC.5A-+,4+1- 8/.H @55. 95.0A18 0/ 0+5 J18/A,-10,/. /= ;/@,85 1.I C,A585-- .50C/AD-F 1.I 9/.0,.?5- 0/HA/C ,. 59/./;,9 ,;4/A01.95 18/.H-,I5 .5G0 H5.5A10,/. M3 .50C/AD- -?9+ 1- NOF P*: 1.IP*: 7IJ1.95IE *+,- J18?5 ,- A5=85905I ,. 0+5 5G/A@,01.0 4A,95- 9?AA5.08< 41,I 10 1?90,/. =/AI5-,A1@85 =A5K?5.9< @1.I- Q*+/;1-F RS!RTE U,0+ 0+5 1IJ5.0 /= A1I,/ 0A1.-;,--,/.- 10 0+50?A. /= 0+5 0C5.0,50+ 95.0?A


8/26

!"#$%& ()*+,%- "./ 01./" *2,&%

34%#5-67 42&1#, 18 9-2"/&, %79&%7"51# 2: 5$% 4-2$191512.8 24%-"51.; 2$1&% ?24%..%88@ "./ ?8$"-1.;@ "8 72/"&151%8 2: %#2.271# 4-2/6#512. "-%5$% +"5#$+2-/8 2: #2-42-"5% +%9 A=BC 5$18 %5$28 -"-%&, %D5%./8 9%,2./ 5$% "44&1#"512.&",%-= E$% 4$,81#"& &",%-C 9, #2.5-"85C #2.82&1/"5%8 5$% -1;$5 52 %D5-"#5


9/26

!" $%&'!("

)*+, +, -./ 0 1+/'2+34 5 6 2.7+/+807 98.-.:; .< /*4 =>?,/@0/4 A4/B.@CD

:0/4@+07 ,>@37>,D E-,/40FG /*4 H0,/ :0I.@+/; .< ,>@37>, +- /*4 F+J+/07 F.:0+- +, [email protected]>84F , 4K/4@-07 /. [email protected]>8/+.-DL0H+F M0@H4; *0, F4,8@+?4F /*+, [email protected],, @?0- J4-/@+7/>@07 +-I48/+.-, 0@4 74H4@0J4F 0J0+-,/ /*4 -F @4-/G4,8070/+-J +/, @407 4,/0/4 H07>4 NOPP!QD M0@H4;R, 088.>-/ +, 0 F4,8@+3/+.- .< *.B +::0/4@+07,>@37>,G +- /*4 @37>, H07>4 4 +,J@.>-F4F +- 0 8.::.-, /*0/ +, ,+/>0/4F 0/ /*4 *40@/ .< 0 [email protected]@+4/0@; 0330@0/>,D

)*+, :.F47 .< ,>@37>, *0, 30@/+8>70@ @4,.-0-84, @07 ,;:?.7+8 803+/07G /*48@4F+/ /+/74 .@ 4K87>,+H4 .B-4@,*+3 .< 0- 0330@0/>, ,>8* 0, 0- 07J.@+/*:G 370/-+80/+.- 8*0--47 +, B*0/ 4-0?74, /*4 4K/@08/+.- .< ,>@37>, 4 8*0+-D %.J-+/+H4 @4-/ +, ,>@37>, 4K/@08/4F 84F +- 8.::.- 0-F +, ?; -0/>@4 :.@4 F;-0:+8D E- /*4 ?48.:+-J'@4-/.< 3@./4 0@.>-F @4 0, 0 =4@H+84[ NE00=Q /.B0@F, /*4 H07>4 .


10/26

!"#$%& ()*+,%- "./ 01./" *2,&%

3-2/4#516% 73"#%7 %8%-91.9 "#-277 " +1/% -".9% 2: 1.5%-8%/1"-, 3&"5:2-87; 72#1"& .%5+2-


11/26

!" $%&'()*

+,-. -. /01 2 3-1'4-56 7 8 409-1-:29 ;:0/0 1,6 [email protected] C61D0BEF

!"#$%&'"(#)*'$% )' ,-.%*/#0 1$&"#%)"2/)2"3

G/ $6AB@2B= !"("H +,6 ;:0/0>-: -. 6J:66I-/K 1,6 .10B2K6H:0B2.1B@:1@B6F ?--6I -/ 1,6 D-B696.. .6:10BH D,6B6 6J:[email protected] @.2K6 9-:6/:6. 0L6B696:1B0


12/26

!"#$%& ()*+,%- "./ 01./" *2,&%

3$14 45-6#56-"& #2.5-"/1#512. 14 &%"/1.7 52 " 8"-1%5, 29 417.191#".5 1..28"512.4 5$"5 #$"&&%.7%

5$% .2-:"518% /145-1;6512. "./ /%41.9-"45-6#56-% 14 1:;6%/ +15$ #6&56-"& 4,:;2&1# 8"&6% ?@"-8%,A BCCDEA 5$% 5-"/1512."&


13/26

!! #$%&'()

*+,- ,- ./0 1 2,0&3,45 6 7 3/8,0,918 :9/./;< /= 0+5 >?@-0A105 B50C/ADE

*+5 5;5AF,.F ,;4/A01.95 /= ;/G58- -?9+ 1- H$8/?G $/;4?0,.FI /A HJ1.1F5G K5L,95

3810=/A;-I 1A5 D5< 5M1;485- /= 0+,- -+,=0 =A/; -010,9 ,.=A1-0A?90?A5 0/C1AG- G5AL,95 O>11>SQ 3810=/A; 1- 1 >5AL,95 O311>S 1.G 0+5G810.,9DQ 31AD,.- 1.G K+514Q !NNUSE *+,- 5M41.G- 0+5 /45A10/AV- A5L5.?5 =A/;1 -010,9 A5.0 1448,5G /L5A @1-,9 9/..590,L,0< 1.G +/-0,.F =19,8,0,5-Q 0/ 0+5 4A/L,-,/. /= G


14/26

!"#$%& ()*+,%- "./ 01./" *2,&%

34456 78-"+"&9 344:6 7-".82 "./ ;"".89 344=6 ?2-/% @"#"&AB2 "./ *2,&%9

34CCDE >% F18$G G"H% G$% F2I1&% .%G+2-H "B ". %J"F


15/26

!" $%&'()*

+,-. -. /01 2 3-1'4-56 7 8 409-1-:29 ;:0/0 1,6 [email protected] C61D0BEF

G65-:1 2 /61D0BE -/>96:16G 21 299 92=6B. D-1, 1,6 G-2HB2< 0> A-0509-1-:29 5B0G@:1-0/ +,6= 29.0

H6.1@B6 10 2 G6:0 B2.1B@:1@B6F K> 2 5B05B-612B= [email protected] @/G6B5-/. 1,6 6L5B05B-21-0/ 0> 1,6G-H-129 :00B .1B@:1@B296L590-1F %B-1-:299= 6/H2H6G G@B-/H 2 .12H6 0> -/16B5B6121-J6 >96L-A-9-1=I 2916B/21-J6I :0@B1,6B 2B62. 0> 6L590B21-0/I .@:, 2..56:1B@< 509-:= 0B >@1@B6 :699@92B /61D0BE.I 1,21 GB2D 0/ 1,6 :0/:651@29 >B2 1,-.5256BF

N-296:1-:29 0550.-1-0/. A61D66/ 9-:6/.6G 2/G @/9-:6/.6G .56:1B@< B6H-1. 10D2BG G=/2-:2/1-0B @/9-:6/.6G @.6B. 10 2::6.. .56:1B@< 1,21 -. 0D/6G A= -/:@1 >B0< -/29-6/2A96 5B056B1= B-H,1. 0J6B2 D-B696.. :,2//69 10D2BG. 2 P.56:1B@< :0 1B2G-1-0/29 :699@92B /61D0BE.I 16:,/090H-6. .@:,2. 1,6 >6


16/26

!"#$%& ()*+,%- "./ 01./" *2,&%

34#$ 5-2526"&6 "-% 7%.7"718%9 :$%. +% %.#24.7%- " .%+ ;&41/17, 2; 5-25%-7,< 17 /2%6 .27

"472="71#"&&, ;2&&2+ 7$"7 +% %.#24.7%- " /1=1.4712. 2; #2-52-"7% 52+%-< 2- 7$"7 7$%#2.62&1/"712. 2; 64#$ 52+%- 16 .%#%66"-1&, >/162-?".16%/@9 A.67%"/ 5$,61#"& .%7+2-B62;7%. #%/% 72 7$% /1"?-"= 2; 7$% .%7+2-B%/ 2-?".16"712. C!26617%-< DEEFG< "6 7$% 7%.612.6H%7+%%. =2.252&, "./ #2=5%71712.< H%7+%%. #%.7-"&16"712. "./ /%#%.7-"&16"712. 2- H%7+%%.#2==2.6 "./ 5-25%-7, "-% .%?271"7%/ 1. ;4./"=%.7"&&, .%+ +",69 I, 7$16 +% 4./%-67"./

This is not a Bit-Pipe : A Political Economy of the Substrate Network.

Documents

Transcript of This is not a Bit-Pipe : A Political Economy of the Substrate Network.