You can tell whether a man is clever by his answers. You can tell whether a man is wise
This file contains slides from each lesson of session 3 ... · You will be able to record the time...
Transcript of This file contains slides from each lesson of session 3 ... · You will be able to record the time...
This file contains slides from each lesson of session 3.
The file includes lesson agendas, teaching points, MPrep-written
problems, and (where applicable) the full list of Official Guide (OG)
problem numbers* for that problem type or content area.
The slides do not include the text of OG problems used in class
because teachers customize each lesson to fit class needs.
*Note: The OG problem numbers listed in this file are not your homework
assignments; they are an extra resource. First, follow the homework assignments
listed in your syllabus. If you do want extra practice in any area, then the OG
problem set lists at the end of each lesson in this file will provide you with the full set
of OG problem numbers relevant to that lesson.
Quant FDP Strategies
3
Ratios
Smart Numbers
You’ll learn how to...
employ the unknown multiplier
to solve ratios
choose smart numbers
(A) 2 to 3
(B) 2 to 5
(C) 3 to 10
(D) 3 to 2
(E) 10 to 3
The ratio of apples to bananas in a basket is 3 to 5. If the ratio of bananas to
cherries in the same basket is 1 to 2, what is the ratio of apples to cherries?
MPrep
(A) 2 to 3
(B) 2 to 5
(C) 3 to 10
(D) 3 to 2
(E) 10 to 3
The ratio of apples to bananas in a basket is 3 to 5. If the ratio of bananas to
cherries in the same basket is 1 to 2, what is the ratio of apples to cherries?
MPrep
C
Apples : Cherries
??
Apples : Bananas Bananas : Cherries
3 5 : 1 2 :
Apples : Bananas : Cherries
3 5 10
Apples : Cherries
3 to 10
5 10 :
× 5 × 5 :
(A) 15
(B) 20
(C) 25
(D) 30
(E) 35
The ratio of boys to girls in a class is 3 to 5. If 2 boys are added to the
class and 6 girls leave the class, the new ratio of boys to girls is 5 to 6.
How many girls were in the class to begin with?
MPrep
(A) 15
(B) 20
(C) 25
(D) 30
(E) 35
The ratio of boys to girls in a class is 3 to 5. If 2 boys are added to the
class and 6 girls leave the class, the new ratio of boys to girls is 5 to 6.
How many girls were in the class to begin with?
MPrep
D
Unknown
Multiplier b = number of boys
g = number of girls
3x
Before After
Boys
Girls 5x
3x + 2
5x – 6
= 3x
= 5x
18x + 12 = 25x – 30
42 = 7x
6 = x
6(3x + 2) = 5(5x – 6)
g = 5(6) = 30
3x + 2
5x - 6 =
5
6
DON’T FORGET TO
Plug in the Multiplier!
A used-book seller purchased 50 copies of a book for a total of m euros.
She then sold each book for 25 percent more than her original per-book
purchase price. In terms of m, for how many euros did she sell each
book?
MPrep
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) 125m
(E)
m
4
5m
4
125
2m
m
40
A used-book seller purchased 50 copies of a book for a total of m euros.
She then sold each book for 25 percent more than her original per-book
purchase price. In terms of m, for how many euros did she sell each
book?
MPrep
Sold at 25% mark-up…
Original Price = p =
m
50
New Price = 1.25p = = 5
4p
5
4
m
50
æ
èç
ö
ø÷ =
m
40
C
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) 125m
(E)
m
4
5m
4
125
2m
m
40
Total Cost = Price × Qty
m = p × 50 m = total cost
p = price per book
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) 125m
(E)
A used-book seller purchased 50 copies of a book for a total of m euros.
She then sold each book for 25 percent more than her original per-book
purchase price. In terms of m, for how many euros did she sell each
book?
MPrep
m
4
5m
4
125
2m
m
40
Total Cost = Price × Qty
m = p × 50 m = total cost
p = price per book
Smart Numbers
Plug in m = $100
Target = $2.50
= 100
= $2
= $2.50
≠ $2.50
≠ $2.50
≠ $2.50
≠ $2.50
Sold at 25% mark-up…
$2
$2.50
Original Price =
New Price =
C
(A) 16
(B) 18
(C) 30
(D) 32
(E) 48
The ratio of boys to girls in a class is 3 to 5. If 2 boys are added to the
class and 6 girls leave the class, the new ratio of boys to girls is 5 to 6.
How many total students were in the class to begin with?
MPrep
(A) 16
(B) 18
(C) 30
(D) 32
(E) 48
The ratio of boys to girls in a class is 3 to 5. If 2 boys are added to the
class and 6 girls leave the class, the new ratio of boys to girls is 5 to 6.
How many total students were in the class to begin with?
MPrep
E
Unknown
Multiplier b = number of boys
g = number of girls
3x
Before After
Boys
Girls 5x
3x + 2
5x – 6
= 3x
= 5x
18x + 12 = 25x – 30
42 = 7x
6 = x
6(3x + 2) = 5(5x – 6)
T = 8(6) = 48
3x + 2
5x - 6 =
5
6
DON’T FORGET TO
Plug in the Multiplier!
T = total students = 8x
Quant FDP Strategies: Official Guide Problems
3
The following slides contain lists of all Official Guide problems covered under the
Fractions, Decimals, and Percents topic.
To best make use of your Official Guide problems, we recommend tracking your
work in our GMAT Navigator tool. You will be able to record the time you spent on
each problem, the answer you chose, whether you guessed, and whether you want
to redo the problem in the future. Additionally, we have provided our own
explanations of the best way to do most of the Fractions, Decimals, and Percents
Problem Solving and Data Sufficiency problems from The Official Guide for GMAT
Review, 2017.
Quant FDPs: Problem Solving
3
This set is from The Official Guide for GMAT Review 2017 edition (pgs. 20−23 & 150−184).
Note: Problem Numbers preceded by “D” refer to questions in the Diagnostic Test chapter of The
Official Guide for GMAT Review 2017 edition (pgs. 20−23).
FDPs
OG 2017: 9, 27, 89, 116
Digits & Decimals
OG 2017: 28, 77, 87, 118, 128, 182, 185, 188, 196, 198, 218, 224, D01
Fractions
OG 2017: 2, 3, 25, 41, 50, 52, 53, 55, 69, 76, 113, 135, 147, 151, 189, 220, D08
Percents
OG 2017: 1, 7, 12, 15, 30, 34, 36, 60, 68, 72, 73, 75, 79, 91, 102, 112, 117, 133, 153, 156, 165,
176, 181, 202, 205, 210, D12, D21
Ratios
OG 2017: 23, 32, 35, 64, 86, 115, 136, 144, 167
Quant FDPs: Data Sufficiency
3
This set is from The Official Guide for GMAT Review 2017 edition (pgs 25−26 & 275−291).
Note: Problem Numbers preceded by “D” refer to questions in the Diagnostic Test chapter of The
Official Guide for GMAT Review 2017 edition (pgs 25−26).
FDPs
OG 2017: 268, 298, 303
Digits & Decimals
OG 2017: 269, 277, 319, 337, 343, 387, 398, 403, D25
Fractions
OG 2017: 234, 386
Percents
OG 2017: 239, 250, 253, 258, 263, 276, 290, 306, 308, 311, 318, 325, 339, 351, 382, 395, D40
Ratios
OG 2017: 256, 264, 265, 295, 312, 320, 359, 371, 402
Sentence Correction Modifiers
3
Location and Meaning
What kinds of modifiers are
there?
You’ll learn how to...
recognize modifier markers
identify meaning errors related
to modifiers
fix misplaced or messed up
modifiers
Types of Modifiers
• describe nouns
• placed as close to the noun as possible
• describe verbs, other modifiers, whole clauses
• more flexible; should point clearly to a certain action or clause
Noun Modifiers
Adverbial Modifiers
Adjective
Adverb The dog barked happily.
The happy dog started barking.
Common Modifier Forms
The dog on the sidewalk is our neighbor's.
Our neighbor's dog ran on the sidewalk. prepositions
The dog carried by its owner is sleeping.
The dog slept soundly, exhausted by the run. -ed words
The dog running over there seems healthy.
The dog barked loudly, startling a flock of birds. -ing words
The dog, an example of pure breeding, has won prizes. noun, noun
Common Modifier Forms
prepositions The dog on the sidewalk is our neighbor's.
Our neighbor's dog ran on the sidewalk.
-ed words The dog carried by its owner is sleeping.
The dog slept soundly, exhausted by the run.
noun, noun The dog, an example of pure breeding, has won prizes.
Modify Nouns
Modify Other Things
The dog running over there seems healthy.
The dog barked loudly, startling a flock of birds. -ing words
The Relative Pronouns
That
which that
who when
whom where etc.
That
Only modify nouns!
Which The dog, which weighs 40 pounds, is friendly.
The dog that my brother owns is friendly.
-ing Words
, -ing
adverbial
-ing
noun
Can modify nouns or clauses!
Arya slipped on the ice, twisting her ankle.
The rope twisting around the pole is hopelessly
tangled up.
Modifier Markers
Marker What does it modify? Example
Opening modifier, the main noun that
follows the comma
Published in New York, the Wall Street
Journal...
noun + that the preceding main noun …books that continue to be read today.
noun, which the preceding main noun ...the car, which belongs to my sister, …
noun, [where, who,
whose, when] the preceding main noun ...the country, whose flag…
noun + –ing the preceding main noun …the sharks circling the boat...
… , –ing modifies the whole clause
cannot modify just a noun
The earthquake caused widespread structural
damage, affecting buildings in a 350-mile
radius.
Modifier Markers
Marker What does it modify? Example
Opening modifier, the main noun that
follows the comma
Published in New York, the Wall Street
Journal...
noun + that the preceding main noun …books that continue to be read today.
noun, which the preceding main noun ...the car, which belongs to my sister, …
noun, [where, who,
whose, when] the preceding main noun ...the country, whose flag…
noun + –ing the preceding main noun …the sharks circling the boat...
… , –ing modifies the whole clause
cannot modify just a noun
The earthquake caused widespread structural
damage, affecting buildings in a 350-mile
radius.
Sentence Correction Modifiers
3
Location and Meaning
What kinds of modifiers are there?
• Noun Modifiers
• Adverbial Modifiers
(1) The disgruntled cows kicked out at the sheep, knocking over the milk bucket.
(2) The disgruntled cows kicked over the bucket, outnumbering all other animals.
• Sentence (1) is correct, but sentence (2) is not correct
• Sentence (2) is correct, but sentence (1) is not correct
• Both sentences are correct
• Neither sentence is correct
(1) The disgruntled cows kicked out at the sheep, knocking over the milk bucket.
(2) The disgruntled cows kicked over the bucket, outnumbering all other animals.
• Sentence (1) is correct, but sentence (2) is not correct
• Sentence (2) is correct, but sentence (1) is not correct
• Both sentences are correct
• Neither sentence is correct
Sentence Correction Modifiers: Official Guide Problems
3
The following slides contain lists of all Official Guide problems covered under the
Modifiers topic.
To best make use of your Official Guide problems, we recommend tracking your
work in our GMAT Navigator tool. You will be able to record the time you spent on
each problem, the answer you chose, whether you guessed, and whether you want
to redo the problem in the future. Additionally, we have provided our own
explanations of the best way to do most of the Sentence Correction problems from
The Official Guide for GMAT Review, 2017.
Sentence Correction Modifiers: Official Guide Problems
3
This set is from The Official Guide for GMAT Review (2017 edition) (pgs. 39−43 &
682−710).
Note: Problem Numbers preceded by “D” refer to questions in the Diagnostic Test chapter
of The Official Guide for GMAT Review (2017 edition) (pgs. 39−43).
Modifiers
OG 2017: 676, 677, 682, 693, 695, 703, 704, 707, 711, 714, 716, 717, 718, 730, 733, 737,
739, 740, 744, 746, 752, 754, 778, 780, 784, 787, 791, 794, 797, D88, D92, D97
If you’d like, you can start to try the SC problems below, based on Meaning. You may want
to save the harder (higher-numbered) ones for later in your studies.
Meaning
OG 2017: 671, 699, 700, 710, 713, 719, 726, 772, 774, 793, 798
Reading Comprehension Detail Questions
2
You’ll learn how to...
apply the 4-step RC process
tackle different types of detail questions
How to Read
3 Goals
What is the basic message?
What is the purpose of each
paragraph?
What is the author's
Main Point?
• context
• contrasts or disagreements
• changes in direction
RC: 4-Step Process
1 Identify the question
2 Find the support
3 Predict an answer
4 Eliminate and find a match
What's the Point
L: W gained & lost power
B: doesn't say
L: W gained power in private
but lost in public
B: doesn't go to this level
Just Right Too Generic Too Specific Just Right Too Generic Too Specific
Reading Comprehension Detail Questions
2
You’ll learn how to...
apply the 4-step RC process
tackle different types of detail questions
Specific Detail Questions
Typical language:
The information is in the passage – find it!
According to the passage…
The passage mentions…
What is an Inference?
Inference:
I don't like vanilla ice
cream more.
Reword / flip it over
Fact:
Chocolate ice cream is my
favorite.
What else must be true?
Inference
fact you can safely draw
without making assumptions
Inference Questions
Deduce something that must be true from the
information in the passage
It can be inferred from the passage…
The passage suggests…
The passage implies…
Typical language:
Reading Comprehension Detail Questions
2
You’ll learn how to...
apply the 4-step RC process
tackle different types of detail questions
Specific Purpose Questions: Why?
Why / for what purpose does the author mention this
particular detail?
in order to…
Typical language:
Reading Comprehension Official Guide Problems
3
It’s time to test your skills on passages that have actually appeared on real GMAT
exams in the past. You can find passages in The Official Guide for GMAT Review
(2017 Edition) (pages 27–32 & 368–424).
To best make use of your Official Guide problems, we recommend tracking your
work in our GMAT Navigator tool. You will be able to record the time you spent on
each problem, the answer you chose, whether you guessed, and whether you want
to redo the problem in the future. Additionally, we have provided our own
explanations of the best way to do some of the Reading Comprehension problems
from The Official Guide for GMAT Review, 2017.
Reading Comprehension Official Guide Problems
3
Do one passage at a time, or build a mixed set that includes Sentence Correction and Critical Reasoning
problems. Here’s how to get the most out of each passage:
1. Give yourself approximately 2 to 2.5 minutes to read shorter passages and 3 minutes to read longer ones.
Spend about 60 seconds to answer General questions and about 90 seconds to answer Specific ones.
2. On the real test, you will see only one question at a time, so don’t look at all questions before reading the
passage.
3. As you read the passage, tell yourself the Simple Story. By the time you’re done, make sure that you can
articulate the Point and that you have a rough Map of the passage, either on paper or in your brain.
4. If the passage has more than 4 questions, answer only the odd-numbered questions. You’ll do this
passage again sometime in the future; the next time, you’ll answer the even-numbered questions. (The
real test does not give more than 4 questions per passage.)
5. Follow your four-step process for answering questions.
(1) Identify the Question
(2) Find the Support
(3) Predict an Answer
(4) Eliminate and Find a Match
6. To keep it simple, use these guidelines when studying from OG books:
Shorter passage, 3 questions about 6 minutes
Shorter passage, 4 questions
or
Longer passage, 3 questions
about 7 minutes
Longer passage, 4 questions about 8 minutes