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Ma. Concepcion A. Betaizar POLSCI 122-B3 TF 10:30-12:00

An essay about the state of the “Third World” in today’s Modernizing andGlobalizing era

The wor! i" i#e a $ore"t - %a"t in "ize& a ho'e to (oth (iotic an! a(ioticco'ponent"& occ)pie! (* !i%er"e or+ani"'" with h)'an" a" it" hi+he"t $or' o$ ani'a, "eparate! (* an+)a+e, c)t)re, race, rei+ion, "tat)" an! etc. In onein"tance, a *o)n+ (o* wa" o"t aone in that !ar#, (i+, $ore"t that e%en the ra* o$ the ")ni+ht co)! not penetrate. ith on* a co'pa"" in hi" han!, thi" poor *o)n+ (o* i" "ti c)ee"" on which !irection he "ho)! ta#e to $in! hi" wa* o)t.To whether or not thi" *o)n+ (o* co)! 'a#e it o)t o$ that $ore"t with the hep o$ that co'pa"", i" a )e"tion.

It i" nota(e that there i" a !i"tinction (etween the Fir"t or! an! the Thir!or!. Accor!in+*, The ori+ina !i"tinction a'on+ Fir"t, Secon!, an! Thir!or!" 'o!ee! on the o! French /"tate" wa" thi": Fir"t or!: e%eope!

in!)"tria capitai"t co)ntrie" ")ch a" Britain, France an! the S. Secon! or!:e%eope! in!)"tria "ociai"t i.e., Mari"t-Lenini"t co)ntrie" ")ch a" the SS,Poan!, an! o'ania. Thir! or!: n!er!e%eope! co)ntrie". To thi"cate+ori"ation wa" a!!e! the Fo)rth or!: n!er!e%eope! co)ntrie" with $ew,i$ an*, nat)ra re"o)rce" 4Le!+i"ter, 20115.

In the "tan!point o$ that *o)n+ itte (o*, it" c)rrent "it)ation i" re*in+ on thatco'pa"". 6)"t i#e the reait* that the Thir! wor! reie" on the Fir"t wor!.

 Accor!in+ to Sprin+ 420075, Thir! or! co)ntrie" !o not ei"t in i"oation. The*can on* (e )n!er"too! in the contet o$ the wor! econo'ic an! poitica "*"te'.Poitica e%ent" in Thir! or! co)ntrie" are !irect* reate! to e%ent" in Fir"tor! co)ntrie". 8owe%er, reation" (etween Fir"t an! Thir! or! co)ntrie" are

a"*''etrica. The $ow o$ power an! contro i" $ro' the Fir"t or!4center or core5 to the Thir! or! 4peripher*5. Poitica an! econo'ic e%ent" inthe Fir"t or! ha%e a h)+e i'pact on the poitic" an! econo'ic" o$ Thir! or!co)ntrie", ()t Thir! or! poitica an! econo'ic e%ent" )")a* ha%e itte i'pacton the Fir"t or!. Thi" on* 'ean" that whate%er are the econo'ic an! poiticaacti%itie" o$ the Fir"t wor! a"o a$$ect" the Thir! wor! ()t the acti%itie" o$ Thir!or! !oe" not a$$ect the Fir"t or!.

Bo)n!e"" 420195 a!!e! that epen!enc* theor* o$ that o$ An!re )n!er Fran# propo"e that cooniai"' an! neocooniai"';contin)in+ econo'ic!epen!ence on an! epoitation o$ $or'er coonia co)ntrie";are the 'ainca)"e" +o(a po%ert*. Co)ntrie" ha%e !e%eope! at an )ne%en rate (eca)"eweath* co)ntrie" ha%e epoite! poor co)ntrie" in the pa"t an! contin)e to !o "oto!a* thro)+h $orei+n !e(t an! $orei+n tra!e. Let )" ta#e Phiippine" an ea'pe$or thi". Pre"ent*, weath* nation" i#e the nite! State" which i" cate+orize! a"Fir"t or! ha%e ta#en a +reat )antit* o$ 'ateria" $ro' the Phiippine", ")ch a"'inera" an! 'eta" nece""ar* to 'a#e a)to'o(ie", weapon", an! <ewer*.Lar+e a'o)nt" o$ a+ric)t)ra pro!)ct" that can on* (e +rown in the hot ci'ate"o$ the co)ntr*, ")ch a" co$$ee, tea, ")+ar, an! cocoa, ha%e (een eporte! to an!'an)$act)re! in nite! State". nite! State" wo)! not (e a" rich a" the* are

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to!a* i$ the* !i! not ha%e the"e 'ateria". Fir"t or! increa"e! their own pro$it"(* epoitin+ the re"o)rce" o$ the Thir! or! (* pa*in+ e"" an! +eneratin+ or pro!)cin+ a pro!)ct that co"t" tripe or )a!r)pe than that o$ the raw 'ateria.

 A" c)ee"" a" that o"t *o)n+ (o*, the Thir! wor! co)ntrie" are a"o c)ee""on what appear" to (e =hep> or =")pport> $ro' the Fir"t wor! ()t (ehin! that

+enero"it* entai" ()r!en to that o$ the Thir! wor!. To!a*, Thir! wor! co)ntrie"are trappe! (* ar+e !e(t" o$$ere! (* the Fir"t wor! which pre%ent the' $ro'!e%eopin+. Thi" concept i" a"o one o$ the 'a<or propo"ition" o$ epen!enc*Theor* o$ Fran#- another $or' o$ neo-cooniai"' accor!in+ to !epen!enc*theor* i" o$$icia ai! 4e%i"ion or!, 201?5. Biatera ai! re$er" to the $ow o$ re"o)rce" $ro' one co)ntr* to another @ 'o"t )")a* in the $or' o$ oan" ()ta"o a" weapon", 'e!icine" an! h)'an eperti"e. M)ti-atera ai! in%o%e"$inancia in"tit)tion" ")ch a" the or! Ban# an! the Internationa Monetar* F)n!en!in+ 'one* to Thir! or! co)ntrie". Mo"t oan" to the Thir! or! in%o%eintere"t. 8owe%er, econo'ie" +row too "ow* an! on+-ter' !e%eop'entpro<ect" ")ch a" irri+ation "che'e", !a'", etc. can (e "ow to +enerate the

pre!icte! inco'e or 'a* $ai. In the 'eanti'e, the intere"t ()i!" )p an! cane%ent)a* o)t"trip the initia oan.8a*ter 420195 ar+)e" that !e(t" an! or $orei+n ai! ea!" to !epen!enc*.

e(t contri()te" to hi+h in$ant-'ortait* rate" an! ow i$e-epectanc* (eca)"ethe 'one* "pent "er%icin+ !e(t co)! (e "pent on i'pro%in+ the in$ra"tr)ct)re o$ Thir! or! co)ntrie", e"pecia* heath an! e!)cation. Ai! a"o (ene$it" the!onor co)ntr* (eca)"e the* can in"i"t that $)t)re ai! i" tie!, i.e. "pent in the!onor co)ntr* @ which 'a* not (e the cheape"t 'ar#et. For ea'pe, it i"e"ti'ate! that $or e%er* Briti"h po)n! ent to Thir! wor! co)ntie", 0 pence i""pent in the nite! in+!o' or "pent on pro<ect" which pri'ari* e'po*eperti"e $ro' the !onor co)ntr*.

In hi" own $ir"t !e$inition, aer"tein 417?5 "ai! that a wor!-"*"te' i" aD')tic)t)ra territoria !i%i"ion o$ a(or in which the pro!)ction an! echan+e o(a"ic +oo!" an! raw 'ateria" i" nece""ar* $or the e%er*!a* i$e o$ it"inha(itant".D Thi" !i%i"ion o$ a(or re$er" to the $orce" an! reation" o$ pro!)ctiono$ the wor! econo'* a" a whoe an! it ea!" to the ei"tence o$ twointer!epen!ent re+ion": core an! peripher*. The"e are +eo+raphica* an!c)t)ra* !i$$erent, one $oc)"in+ on a(or-inten"i%e, an! the other on capita-inten"i%e pro!)ction. 4o!$ran#, 20005. The core-peripher* reation"hip i""tr)ct)ra. Se'i-periphera "tate" act" a" a ()$$er zone (etween core an!peripher*, an! ha" a 'i o$ the #in!" o$ acti%itie" an! in"tit)tion" that ei"t onthe' 4S#ocpo, 175. A'on+ the 'o"t i'portant "tr)ct)re" o$ the c)rrent wor!-"*"te' i" a power hierarch* (etween core an! peripher*, in which power$) an!weath* DcoreD "ocietie" !o'inate an! epoit wea# an! poor periphera "ocietie".Technoo+* i" a centra $actor in the po"itionin+ o$ a re+ion in the core or theperipher*. A!%ance! or !e%eope! co)ntrie" are the core, an! the e"" !e%eope!are in the peripher*. Periphera co)ntrie" are "tr)ct)ra* con"traine! toeperience a #in! o$ !e%eop'ent that repro!)ce" their ")(or!inate "tat)"ECha"e-)nn an! ri'e", 417795. The !i$$erentia "tren+th o$ the ')tipe "tate"within the "*"te' i" cr)cia to 'aintain the "*"te' a" a whoe, (eca)"e "tron+

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"tate" rein$orce an! increa"e the !i$$erentia $ow o$ ")rp)" to the core zone4S#ocpo, 175. Thi" i" what aer"tein cae! )ne)a echan+e, the"*"te'atic tran"$er o$ ")rp)" $ro' "e'i-proetarian "ector" in the peripher* tothe hi+h-technoo+*, in!)"triaize! core 4o!$ran#, 20005. Thi" ea!" to aproce"" o$ capita acc)')ation at a +o(a "cae, an! nece""ari* in%o%e" the

appropriation an! tran"$or'ation o$ periphera ")rp)". A" tra!itiona a" that o"t *o)n+ (o* who )"e" co'pa"" in"tea! o$ )"in+oo+e Map or PS that can (e ea"i* acce""e! thro)+h a 'o(ie phone or a+a!+et, i" a" e$t-o)t a" the"e Thir! wor! co)ntrie" are (* the Fir"t wor!co)ntrie". Ba"e! on the $act" cite! a(o%e, in thi" 'o!ern ti'e", the "tate o$ theThir! wor! co)ntrie" i" on the Thir! pace, itera*.It i" (eca)"e within the wor! poitica an! econo'ic "*"te' there i" atre'en!o)" a'o)nt o$ interaction a'on+ core co)ntrie" an! peope", an!(etween the core an! the peripher*. There i" %er* itte interaction <)"t a'on+peripher* co)ntrie". The con"e)ence" o$ thi" are +reat, re")tin+ in an i"oate!an! wea# peripher* co)ntr* ha%in+ an )ne)a reation"hip with the )nite! an!

"tron+ core. Moreo%er, poitic" an! econo'ic" are reate!. The* can not (e)n!er"too! apart $ro' each other. /cono'ic tie" an! reation"hip" (etween corean! peripher* co)ntrie" are partic)ar* i'portant. The"e are a!%anta+eo)" $or the core, an! !i"a!%anta+eo)" $or the peripher*. Core-peripher* tra!in+ pattern"re")t in contin)o)" +rowth o$ poitica an! econo'ic power $or the core at theepen"e o$ the peripher*. /cono'ic tra!e ca)"e" a wi!enin+ o$ the +ap (etween!e%eope! an! !e%eopin+ co)ntrie", rather than a narrowin+ o$ that+ap. 8i"torica*, ower price! raw 'ateria" ha%e (een echan+e! $or hi+her price! $ini"he! +oo!". It $oow" that )n!er!e%eop'ent i" not a nat)ra "tate, ()trather a con!ition that i" ca)"e! (* the "*"te'" o$ interaction" (etween the'.

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References:

From the boo:

Cha"e-)nn, Chri"topher an! Peter ri'e" 417795. World-Systems Analysis.

 Ann)a e%iew o$ Socioo+*. Go. 21 p. 3H-?1.Chirot, anie an! Tho'a" . 8a 417H25. World-System Theory. Ann)a e%iewo$ Socioo+*. Go. H pp. H1-10.

o!$ran#, ater L. 420005. Paradigm Regained? The Rules of Wallerstein'sWorldSystem Method . 6o)rna o$ or!-S*"te'" e"earch. Go. . J. 2 pp.190-179

S#ocpo, The!a. 4175. Wallerstein's World Capitalist System: A Theoretial and !istorial Criti"ue. A'erican 6o)rna o$ Socioo+*, Go. H2. J. 9. 109-1070.

Gea, Caro" 420015. World Systems Theory.aer"tein, I''an)e 417?5. The modern World System #: Capitalist Agriulture

and the $rigins of the %uropean World-%onomy in the Si&teenth Century .

Jew Kor#: Aca!e'ic Pre"".aer"tein, I''an)e 420005. The %ssential Wallerstein. The Jew Kor# Pre"".Jew Kor#.

From the internet:

6o)rna o$ or! S*"te'" e"earch 4200H5. World Systems Theory. etrie%e!$ro' http:c"$.coora!o.e!)<w"r on March 1, 201.

Fernan! Bra)!e Center $or the St)!* o$ /cono'ie", 8i"torica S*"te'" an!Ci%iization" 420025. Propositions of World Systems Theory. etrie%e! $ro'http:$(c.(in+ha'ton.e!) on March 1, 201.

Bo)n!e"". =epen!enc* Theorie".> Bo)n!e"" Socioo+*. Bo)n!e"", 21 6).2019. etrie%e! 27 Fe(. 201$ro' http":www.(o)n!e"".co'"ocioo+*tet(oo#"(o)n!e""-"ocioo+*-tet(oo#+o(a-"trati$ication-an!-ine)ait*-H"ocioo+ica-theorie"-an!-+o(a-ine)ait*-2!epen!enc*-theorie"-?2H-H9?1

Le!+i"ter, Fra+ano 420115. Third World and irst World: Their (istintion.etrie%e! $ro' http:www.the+)ar!ian.co'note"an!)erie")er*0,,-H02,00.ht' on Fe(r)ar* 27, 201.