Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e
description
Transcript of Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e
![Page 1: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Thinking About Psychology:
The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e
Charles T. Blair-BroekerRandal M. Ernst
![Page 2: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Variations in Individual and Group Behavior Domain
![Page 3: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Psychological Disorders Chapter
![Page 4: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
Personality Disorders
Module 31
![Page 5: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Clarify
• Dissociation is not the same as psychosis. Dissociation involves breaking away from the sense of self, either by losing memory and identity or by adding personalities. Psychosis involves a break with reality, believing things that are untrue, or having hallunciations about things that aren’t there.
![Page 6: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dissociative Disorders
Module 31: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
![Page 7: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Dissociative Disorders
• Disorders in which the sense of self has become separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, or feelings
![Page 8: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Types of Dissociative Disorders
• Three main types:– Dissociative Amnesia– Dissociative Fugue– Dissociative Identity Disorder
![Page 9: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dissociative Disorders
![Page 10: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Dissociative Disorders:
Dissociative Amnesia
Module 31: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
![Page 11: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dissociative Amnesia
• A dissociative disorder characterized by loss of memory in reaction to a traumatic event
• Example: soldiers in combat– Young man in a boat wreck; only survivor;
traumatic and so losses memory of incident.
![Page 12: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Dissociative Disorders:
Dissociative Fugue(fUge)
Module 31: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
![Page 13: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Dissociative Fugue
• A dissociative disorder characterized by loss of identity and travel to a new location– From the same root word as fugitive.
• The person may develop a new identity and begin a new life.– Can last a few hours, months or even years.– Unconscious response to stress (as with other
dissociative disorders)
![Page 14: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Dissociative Disorders:
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Module 31: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
![Page 15: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Rare and controversial dissociative disorder in which an individual experiences two or more distinct and alternating personalities
• Formerly called multiple personalities– Before the 1970s fewer than 100 cases had ever
been reported.– In the 1980s alone, reports of more than 20,000
diagnosed cases appeared, almost all of them in North America
![Page 16: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Controversy
• Psychologists debate whether is really exists. Are today’s clinicians simply more knowledgeable and willing to make a diagnosis? Are there better diagnostic rules (thus reducing the number of cases that were misdiagnosed as other things, like schizophrenia)?
• Skeptics believe the power of suggestion has been at work. Clinicians (who have read about the disorder) may be unintentionally suggesting multiple personalities to their clients.
![Page 17: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Dissociative Identity Disorder• Personalities can be different ages, sex,
and self perception of characteristics• Three Faces of Eve• Sybil
![Page 18: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Insert “Multiple Personality Disorder” Video #31 from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
• Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.
• This same clip is on the Brain Series.• Oprah - Jani
![Page 19: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Many videos on Learner, all three sites.
• Oprah: Art Therapy and Dissociative Identify Disorder; Kim Noble;
![Page 20: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Schizophrenia Disorders
Module 31: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
![Page 21: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Schizophrenia
• Group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
• Is not one disorder but a family of disorders• Is not “split personality”• Occurs in about 1% of the population
![Page 22: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Schizophrenia
• Play “Schizophrenia: Symptoms” (5:39) Module #26 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).
![Page 23: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Schizophrenia Disorders:
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Module 31: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
![Page 24: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Symptoms of Schizophrenia• Symptoms of schizophrenia include:
– Delusions (false beliefs)– Hallucinations (false perceptions)– Inappropriate emotions or behaviors– Perhaps the most frightening & most misunderstood
psychological disorder.– “Schiz” means split, but not slit from personality; it’s a
split from reality– Affects 1% of the world’s population; typically develops
in late adolescence or early adulthood and strikes men at a slightly greater rate than women.
![Page 25: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
![Page 26: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Delusions
• False beliefs that are symptoms of schizophrenia and other serious psychological disorders
• Four major types of delusions:– Grandeur – Persecution – Sin or guilt – Influence
![Page 27: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Delusions of Grandeur
• False beliefs that a person is more important than they really are
• Patients may believe they are a famous person (e.g. Napoleon)
![Page 28: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Delusions of Persecution
• False beliefs that people are out to get the person
• Believe they are being followed, the phone is wiretapped, etc.
![Page 29: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Delusions of Sin or Guilt
• False beliefs that the person is responsible for some misfortune– Plane crash because you didn’t brush your
teeth
![Page 30: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Delusions of Influence
• False beliefs of being controlled by outside forces– “the devil made me do it”
![Page 31: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Hallucinations
• False perceptions that are symptoms of schizophrenia or other serious psychological disorders
• Types of hallucinations:– Auditory (hearing voices)– Visual (seeing things)– Tactile (feeling skin sensations)
• Can also have distorted smell and taste
![Page 32: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Inappropriate Emotions/Behaviors
• Flat affect – showing little or no emotional response
• Word salad – nonsense talk• Waxy flexibility – the person’s arms and
legs will remain in place after being moved there
• Inappropriate actions – speaking too loudly or engaging in odd mannerisms
![Page 33: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Schizophrenia Disorders:Types of
Schizophrenia
Module 31: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
![Page 34: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Types of Schizophrenia
![Page 35: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Paranoid Schizophrenia
• Characterized by delusions, especially grandeur and persecution. Auditory and other hallucinations support the delusions.
A Beautiful Mind
![Page 36: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Catatonic Schizophrenia
• Characterized by variations in voluntary movement
• Catatonic excitement – rapid movements with delusions and hallucinations
• Catatonic stupor – little or no activity, movement, or speech (waxy flexibility)
![Page 37: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Disorganized Schizophrenia
• Characterized by bizarre behavior, delusions, and hallucinations.
• Very disturbed thought and language (word salad)
![Page 38: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
• Symptoms that don’t clearly fit into one of the other types of schizophrenia but still show clear symptoms of schizophrenia
![Page 39: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Schizophrenia in the Real World
• Play “Cop Psychiatrists” (10:30) Segment #32 from Scientific American Frontiers: Video Collection for Introductory Psychology (2nd edition).
![Page 40: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Schizophrenia Disorders:
Causes
Module 31: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
![Page 41: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Schizophrenia
• Play “Schizophrenia: Etiology” (14:45) Module #27 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).
![Page 42: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Biological Factors - Genetics
• Schizophrenia tends to run in families.• Genetics appears to produce a
predisposition (increased likelihood) to develop schizophrenia.
Genain Quadruplets
![Page 43: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Genetics and Schizophrenia
![Page 44: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Biological Factors – Brain Structure
• Brain structure of those with schizophrenia is different than the normal brain
• Those with schizophrenia have smaller amounts of brain tissue and larger fluid filled spaces.
• The thalamus is smaller in those with schizophrenia.
![Page 45: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Biological Factors – Brain Function
• The brain of those with schizophrenia operates differently than the normal brain.
• The frontal lobes show less activity.• Those with schizophrenia have a larger
number of receptor sites for the neurotransmitter dopamine.
![Page 46: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Biological Factors – Brain Function
![Page 47: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Schizophrenia
• Insert “The Schizophrenic Brain” Video #29 from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
• Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.
![Page 48: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Biological Factors – Prenatal Viruses
• A viral infection during the middle of pregnancy may increase schizophrenia risk.
![Page 49: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Psychological Factors
• Two main areas:– Stress– Disturbed family
– It’s unclear whether these are causes or consequences of schizophrenia.
![Page 50: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Personality Disorders
Module 31: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
![Page 51: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Personality Disorders
• Psychological disorders characterized by rigid and lasting behavior patterns that disrupt social functioning
• Divided into three clusters:– Related to anxiety– With odd and eccentric behaviors– With dramatic or impulsive behaviors
![Page 52: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Difficult to Diagnose
• Behaviors are rigid (not flexible) and enduring.
• Where should the line be drawn between eccentric, anxious, and odd & having a personality disorder?
• How might treatment for a personality disorder be difficult?
![Page 53: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Personality Disorders
![Page 54: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Personality Disorders Related to Anxiety
Module 31: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
![Page 55: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Avoidant Personality Disorder
• So sensitive about being rejected that personal relationships become difficult
![Page 56: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Dependent Personality Disorder
• Behave in clingy, submissive ways and displays a strong need to have others take care of them
![Page 57: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Personality Disorders with Odd or Eccentric
Behaviors
Module 31: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
![Page 58: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Shows deep distrust of other people, which gets in the way of personal relationships
![Page 59: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Schizoid Personality Disorder
• Is detached from social relationships• Are true hermits, preferring life alone
and avoiding intimate interactions at all costs
![Page 60: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Personality Disorders with Dramatic or
Impulsive Behaviors
Module 31: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
![Page 61: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Borderline Personality Disorder
• Exhibit instability of emotions, self-image, behavior, and relationships
![Page 62: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Personality disorder in which the person shows a lack of conscience for wrongdoing
• Shows no respects for the rights others• Usually male; can be very charming• Also known as psychopathic or
sociopathic personality disorder– Think Silence of the Lamb
![Page 63: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
The Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Insert “The Mind of the Psychopath” Video #30 from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
• Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.
• This video clip is also part of The Mind series segment.
![Page 64: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
The Mind of the Psychopath
• Play “The Mind of the Psychopath” (18:39) Segment #35 from The Mind: Psychology Teaching Modules (2nd edition).
• Parts of this video clip are included in the Worth Digital Media Archive CD-ROM.
![Page 65: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815b95550346895dc99889/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
The End