Think proces context-1
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So#ware Process is used to build So#ware System Process is Fun and achievement oriented, Quality is Free Think Process… Revision of knowledge
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So#ware Process is used to build So#ware System Process is Fun and achievement oriented, Quality is Free
Think Process… Revision of knowledge
By:BS Company ConfidenEal
Signal
Biz-‐V
Signoff
Driving
Power Transmn.
Engine Loop
Gearbox Loop
Driver Loop
Passengers
Steering
Console Dashboard
=Gating Points
Journey
Automobile as a system
Des*na*on Steering Loop
The System is Collection Of Interconnected Processes
By:BS Company ConfidenEal
Signal
Biz-‐V
Signoff
Project Management
DEV. Process
TEST Process
Developer Loop
Tester Loop
Project Manager Loop
Customer
Requirements Process
Senior Management
=Gating Points
Product
SW Projects Work as a System
Release Biz Manager Loop
Inner loop reinforces Outer loop
By:BS
DefiniEons Process - a sequence of steps performed for a given purpose (IEEE)
Software process - a set of activities, methods, practices, and transformations that people use to develop and maintain software and associated products (CMM)
By:BS
What is a Key Process?
It is a process that is part of the business fundamentals at the enEty.
It is a process that influences the Major Business of the enEty or department and has high impact on customers
e.g. Sales: Lead GeneraEon, Funnel management, Win/Loss analysis Personnel: Recruitment, Performance evaluaEon Support: Delivery, InstallaEon, Service
By:BS
CharacterisEcs of a Process
• It can be defined • If defined, can be aligned to business goals
• It can be diagrammed • If Diagrammed it can be visualized, understood
• It’s performance can be measured • If it can be measured, it can be improved -‐INSURANCE
• It can be scaled • If scaled it can become faster, cheaper, beXer • When all others are same internal process excellence creates differenEaEon in the market
By:BS
A Process is..
Definable Improvable Measurable
Ø Variability Decreased Ø Defects Reduced Ø Cycle time Shortened Ø Productivity Improved
Ø Defect Rate Ø Cycle time Ø Productivity
Ø Input Ø Output Ø Controls Ø Resources Ø Customers
By:BS
CharacterisEc of a Perfect Process
• Each step should be:
• Valuable – must add customer value • Capable – should not inject defects • Available – must ready when we need it • Adequate – keep up with demand • Flexible – adaptable to changing demand and • No wai*ng between steps! JIT?
Process Hierarchy
Universal (e.g.CMM)
Worldly Organization (e.g.OSSP)
Atomic (Individual/Small group) (PDSP)
Tailoring (Adaptation)
By:BS
Process Structure L2àL5
Process Name
Inputs
Steps Tools & Techniques
Outputs
Process Name
Inputs
Steps Tools & Techniques
Outputs
Other Processes
Process Name
Inputs
Steps Tools & Techniques
Outputs
Other Processes
Metrics
Process Name
Inputs
Steps Tools & Techniques
Outputs
Other Processes
Metrics
Tuning
Defined Managed Repeatable Optimizing
By:BS
Process Capability Process Capability -‐ Illustrated
Quality /Schedule/cost/Time taken/Target time
Prob
abili
ty (N
o. o
f m
odul
es)
Risk
Target
Case Study
from Joe Juran
P-‐97
By:BS
Process Capability & Maturity
54321
Level Characteristics
Initial
Process Improvement is institutionalized
Product and process are quantitatively controlled
Software engineering and management processes defined and integrated Project management system in place; performance is repeatable Process is informal and ad hoc; performance is unpredictable
Predicted Performance
Quality/Schedule/Cost
Quality/Schedule/Cost
Quality/Schedule/Cost
Quality/Schedule/Cost
Quality/Schedule/CostPr
obab
ility
Prob
abili
tyPr
obab
ility
Prob
abili
tyPr
obab
ility
Target
Target
Target
Target
Target
By:BS
Conceptual mapping
Process 1
Process n
Process …
Life Cycle
From ConceptualizaEon
Through ReErement
Activity 1 Tasks
Activity N Tasks
…
Rules: Modularity; Responsibility Rules: PDCA
If Process Framework is exciEng..Why is that Oracle /Miscroso# have not seeked the CMM cerEficaEon?
ParEng Quiz
By:BS
DABBA-‐WALLA • Process Capability – 6σ (Forbes Global magazine) – Efficiency RaEng : 99.999999 – 1 error in 6 x 106 transacEons
• Size (Daily) – 3500 dabbawallas – 150,000 lunch boxes
• Maturity : 40+ years • Process: Agile • Cost: Rs.6 per delivery • Best pracEce
– Color + number coding – (overcomes illiteracy)
What Drove the Success????
By:BS
Origins of… Process Capability
• Inspectors Regularly scrapped 10% as ‘R’ was out of Specs, but the wires in the reel had uniform resistance
• Ploong the ‘frequency distribuEon’ for 50 samples, gave insight into uniformity of producEon process, resulEng in a correcEve acEon making process “defect free”
Freq
uenc
y Resistance (Ohms)
Specification Limits
33 35 36 34
Juran’s “Heat Coil" Experiments in 1926 At Hawthorne
Src: Architecting Quality: Dr. Juran
