Things Fall Apart - Food and Agriculture Organization · Things Fall Apart. Some thoughts on...
Transcript of Things Fall Apart - Food and Agriculture Organization · Things Fall Apart. Some thoughts on...
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Things Fall Apart
Some thoughts on complexity, supply chains, infrastructure & collapse dynamics
David KorowiczFeasta
The Foundation for the Economics of Sustainability
ASPO/The Oil Drum Peak SummitAlcatraz, Italy
28th June 2009
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Turning and turning in the widening gyreThe falcon cannot hear the falconer:
Things fall apart: the centre cannot hold:Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world
from The Second CommingW B Yeats
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Lascaux cave complex SW France
16 Thousand Years: What's Changed?
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Civilisation
ResourcesNet Energy
FertilityWood
MineralsWater
ComplexityTrade
Communications
OrganisationKnowledge &
SkillsInfrastructure
BehaviourCooperationCompetition
StatusLanguage
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Thermodynamics of Civilisation
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Far from equilibrium thermodynamics & Bernard cells
Flow of free energy allows structure to form.Locally, entropy is reduced. Globally entropy increases.Thermodynamic properties: phase transitions; MEP; sensitive dependence on initial conditions
(Pictures: www.intothecool.com)
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(Chaisson, Eric. Cosmic Evolution: The rise of Complexity in Nature, 2002)
Energy Rate Density: A Cosmic View
Trend of greater complexity with evolving sources of free energyComplexity is not a goal- teleological explanations not valid
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(Gutowski et. al. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2009, 43(5))
Resources used in manufacturing process
Growing complexity of modern processes.Semiconductor technologies most obvious example. 2g 32MB DRAM chip requires 1700 g input. Silicon wafers from quartz uses 160 times energyfor normal silicon. (Williams, E.D., Ayres, R.U., Heller, M. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36)
More Modern Processes
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Complexity & the Global Economy
Complexity
Number and depth of interactions; product number; product complexity; institutional complexity
Supply-Chains
Resource allocation and distribution; information processing;& infrastructure maintenance
Self-Organising
The Blind Watchmaker; local control- globally uncontrollable
Growth Tendency in a Finite World
Problem solving is resource intensive; I=PxAxT
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Evolution of Complexity
Problem solving-constrained by social, cultural attitudes & structures, implied infrastructure,and resource availability
Easiest problems/ lowest cost first
Sub-systems become more interdependent: Can help to manage risk
As new technologies/ business models emerge, adoption and spread through wider networks dependent upon efficiencies they provide, lower costs, new markets
New technology and system to which it is introduced co-adapt & co-evolve
Efficiency gain by letting individual parts of system share transaction costs by integratingcommon platforms such as IT networks, financial systems, and supply chains
Growing complexity provides basis for solving more complex problems
Declining Marginal Returns: Civilisation; EROEI; Material Resources; R&D;AgriculturalProductivity
Lost resilience, can no longer adapt to perturbations (Tainter)
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Analogy: An adaptive landscape for a choice, at a time
E&R
Choice 1
Choice 2▲
X
E & R
Choice 1
Choice 2
X
▲
Implied infrastructure
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Supply-Chains & Infrastructure
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Goods
€, $,£S
P
S’
Service
€
More complex things-longer/more complex supply-chains-More un-substitutable components-More energy/resource dependent-More implied infrastructure dependent
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From www.secret-life.org
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Infrastructure
Deep Integration
Tightly Coupled
Each part of economy cross-subsidises every other part
Economies of scale
Constructed by a growth economy
Up-grading is maintenance
Story
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Collapse
A sudden decrease in complexity
OR
A phase transition, driven by a series of mutually re-enforcing positive feedbacks
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Energy budget
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Debt & Opaque money
Monetary System Collapse
Deflation/ Inflation/ Hyperinflation
Exchange rate uncertainty
Uncertainty (thermodynamics)
Balance of trade
Investment
Annual investment accruing 4% interest per annum.In a growing economy, that's fine.In a contracting economy, principle+interest owed beginsto swamp the productive economy
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Supply-Chain Creeping Collapse
Declining discretionary incomeInability to pay for goods/ inability to run trade deficitsOpaque moneyHigher input costsPlant degradationInfrastructure degradationDis-economies of Scale
Creeping Collapse re-enforces creeping collapse
Self-re-enforcing interactions between:
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Dis-Economies of Scale
Fewer goods bought
Rising goods cost
Declining DiscretionaryIncome
Dependent Economy
General Economy
Food
Politicalinstability
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Infrastructure Creeping Collapse
Tightly Coupled
Complex resource intensive supply chains
Expensive to maintain
Highly cross-subsidised
Economic stress
Supply-chain creeping collapse
Short-component lifetimes
Complexity and interconnected makecascading failure hard to predict
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Scenario: Fast Supply Chain-Collapse
ASPO/ Oil Drumers ignored/dumb
Sovereign/ Debt defaults
Energy/food prices inhibit growth
Sovereign/ Debt defaults
Maybe they are correct? Bastards are collapsing the economy!
Herd begins to PANIC!
Bank Assets collapse
Debt cannot be repaid
All banks insolventSupply-chain collapse
All hell breaks loose!
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Conclusions
Fast Collapse
Massive Dis-orientation
Emergency Measures