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Thin shell

Thin-shell structures are light weightconstructions using shell elements. These

elements are typically curved and are assembled

to large structures.

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Kresge Auditorium, MIT

Eero Saarinen

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Montreal Biosphere, Canada

Richard Buckminster Fuller

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Nagoya Dome, Japan

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Brasilia

Cathedral1970

Oscar Niemeyer

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Thin shell concrete

is a structure composed of a relatively thin

shell of concrete

the shells are most commonly flat plates

and domes, but may also take the form

of ellipsoids or cylindrical sections, or some

combination thereof.

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Thin shell concrete

Storage, commercial, stadiums, residential-monolithic domes

Suited for complex curves

Also used to build boat hulls

Historically, it was used by the British to createthe Mulberry Harbours for the 1944 D-Day invasion of Normandy.

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Advantages vs:

Other methods of construction

Other materials

Disadvantages

Concrete as material

humidity

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HISTORY

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PIONEERS

US Anton Tedesko (1903-1994)

ITALY Pier Luigi Nervi (1891-1979)

SPAIN Eduardo Torroja (1891-1961) and his pupil Felix Candela

(1910-1997)

David, Barry, and Randy South- Monolithic Dome Institute

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Structural Engineer

Planetarium Sky shows

The Carl Zeiss Company leading

manufacturers of equipment that

produces sky shows

Dyckerhoff and Widmann, created the

solution known as the Zeiss Dywidag

System.

Roberts & Schaefer Company in Chicago

Anton Tedesko (1903-1994) US

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Hayden Planetarium- first full-scale American thin concrete shell

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Hershey Sports

Arena,Pennsylvania

when it opened on December 19,

1936, the Hershey Arena was the

first large scale barrel shell roofstructure in the U.S.

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Pier Luigi Nervi(1891

1979)

The Society for Concrete Construction

AIA Gold Medalist

Nervi dedicated himself to studies of the covering

construction of very big dimensions

Invented the Ferro Cemento

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Ferro-Cemento

Breakthrough in the field of concrete

used steel mesh as a core and layers of cement were

brushed on top

The mesh was thin, flexible, and elastic

could easily be prefabricated in plaster molds

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Turin Exhibition

Hall

one of the most

impressive interiorspaces of the

century.

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Cathedral of San Francisco

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Eduardo Torroja(1891 1961)

pioneer in the design of concrete-shell structures

Torroja graduated as an engineer

a Professor at the Escuela de Caminos in Madrid as well as Director of theInstituto Tecnico de la Construccion y del Cemento

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Algeciras market in

Spain built in 1933

48 m. diameter

shell placed overeight pillars

joined by a pre-

stressed tie beam

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Felix Candela

(1910

1997)

did not invent the concrete shell

nor was he the first to use

hyperbolic parabaloids (hypar)

Huddersfield Gem website

asserts he was the all time

greatest practitioner of shell

design

Nicknamed the Shell Builder

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HYPERBOLIC

PARABOLOID

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Market, Huddersfield

The encyclopedia Brittanica calls Felix Candelaa designer of reinforced-concrete(ferroconcrete) structures distinguished by

thin, curved shells that are extremely strongand unusually economical.

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Cosmic Ray Pavilion (195051)

Church of La Virgen Milagrosa(1953)

Los Manantiales Restaurant

(1958)

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David, Barry, and Randy South- Monolithic Dome Institute

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MonolithicDomes

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The Monolithic Dome, is a safe, energy

efficient, beautiful structure with many

advantages over standard construction

A Monolithic Dome is the ideal structure for

any sport facility: school gymnasium, indoor

football or hockey stadium, mega-arena,

rodeo arena, skating rink, etc