They know what is important in their field. Grad students’ research interests often mirror...
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Transcript of They know what is important in their field. Grad students’ research interests often mirror...
Citation Analysis:How and Why
Karen KohnCollections Analysis Librarian
Temple University
Charleston Conference: Issues in Book and Serial Acquisition
November 4, 2015
Sources of Data Faculty – published articles
Faculty – published monographs
Master’s Theses
Doctoral Dissertations
Undergraduate Theses
Grant Proposals
Sources of Data - Faculty Faculty – published articles
Faculty – published monographs
They know what is important in their field. Grad students’ research interests often mirror faculty’s, so these citations could also represent grad student needs.
May be hard to find a comprehensive list of these. What to do if co-authored? Stronger knowledge base could lead to citing older standards and missing other important works, which could be useful to students. May be citing what is in their own collections.
Useful for humanities faculty, who may focus on writing monographs rather than articles.
Same as above Science faculty would have very few published books compared to humanities. Can’t be found by searching Web of Science. Would need a large time span in order to include as many faculty as possible.
Sources of Data - Students Doctoral Dissertations
Master’s Theses
Undergraduate Theses
Usually easy to collect. They are leaving. Will future students have the same areas of focus?
More students per year than doctoral. Some departments may not offer doctorates.
If you are not a research institution, these may be your primary users.
They may not be citing the best resources. Least knowledge of their discipline. Most likely to have errors in their citations.
Assumptions Your users are citing the best resources for their
purposes. Therefore if something is cited, it is important.
Your users are willing to use Interlibrary Loan or other methods to obtain resources your library does not have.
What was used in the past will be used in the future.
ExampleWants to study first-year students.
Do we have enough resources for them?
Are they citing what we teach them to?
Are they citing academic resources?
Do they over-use the free web?
Example Do we have enough
resources for them?
Are they citing what we teach them to?
Are they citing good resources?
Do they over-use the free web?
What is the citation? Journal/book/website
name
Year
Do we have it?
What is the class?
What was taught? Catalog
Article databases
Web or Library resource?
Which student?
Examplefirst draft of database design
Citation ID
Resource Name
Year Resource Type
Do we have it?
Course Instruction goals
Student
Database Design Principles1. Every row must be unique
• Think about “What is this table about?” If it’s a table of journals, it should list each journal once. If it’s a table of citations, it should list each citation once.
2. Data should be atomic• Break it down into pieces
3. Data should be single-valued, i.e. one value per cell
4. Don’t put the same information in multiple tables
5. Avoid calculations
Examplesecond draft of database design
Citation ID
Resource Name
Year
Resource Type
Do we have it?
Course
Instruction: catalog (y/n)
Instruction: databases (y/n)
Student
Example: Data All In One TableItem # Call
Number
Subject
Program
School Subject Librarian
Email Address
1 HF Commerce
Business Fox School of Business
Adam abcd@
2 KF1000-1395
Commercial Law
Business Fox School of Business
Adam abcd@
3 BM Judaism Religion College of Liberal Arts
Fred efgh@
4 BV Practical Theology
Religion College of Liberal Arts
Fred efgh@
5 HQ Family Sociology College of Liberal Arts
Greg jklm@
6 ND Painting Visual Arts
Tyler School of Art
Jill nopq@
Example: Data in Relational Databases
Subject Librarian
Email Address
Adam abcd@
Fred efgh@
Greg jklm@
Jill nopq@
Program School Subject Librarian
Business Fox School of Business
Adam
Religion College of Liberal Arts
Fred
Sociology College of Liberal Arts
Greg
Visual Arts Tyler School of Art
Jill
Item # Call Number
Subject Program
1 HF Commerce Business
2 KF1000-1395
Commercial Law
Business
3 BM Judaism Religion
4 BV Practical Theology
Religion
5 HQ Family Sociology
6 ND Painting Visual Arts
Examplethird draft of database design
Citation ID
Resource Name
Year
Resource Type
Do we have it?
Course
Instruction: catalog (y/n)
Instruction: databases (y/n)
Student
On the worksheet –
Step 1. Mark all the repeaters. For example, “Every time the program is Business, the librarian is Adam.”
Step 2. Name the tables. For instance, Business will go in a table of Programs.
Step 3. List, or draw, what goes in each table. Remember, a Table of programs will list each program once.
Creating a Table•
• New > [Type a Name] > Select a Location > Create
•Right-click on Add New Field, click Rename Column
•Once you’ve named it, another column will appear to the right, and you can name this one the same way.
•When you have all your columns, Save.
Creating a Second Table Create > Table
Start naming the columns, like you did before, until you get to one that is going to be linked to another table.
Instead of typing in the name, click Datasheet > LookUp Column
Select ‘I want the lookup column to look up the values in a table or query.’ Next.
Select the table where it will look up the values. Next.
Select the field. Click >, then Next.
Sort order does not matter. Click Next.
Width does not matter. Click Next.
Name the column.
Finish.
Check out what you just did! Look at your second table. The Lookup column you
created now has a dropdown menu. The list in the dropdown is coming from the column in Table 1 that you linked this column to. (Type something in Table 1 and save it to see how this works.)
Try clicking Relationships in the top menu bar. It looks like your drawing!
Creating a Multiple Choice Column
Click Datasheet > Lookup column as before. Instead of ‘I want the lookup column to look up the values in a table or query,’ select ‘I will type in the values that I want.’
Type them in one column. Next, etc.
Interpreting the Data Who are your patrons?
What do you know about their behavior?
In what ways do their citations not help with collection development?
What other context might you need in order to know what your numbers mean?
Sample Data - Fields Student
Level (Master’s or Doctoral)
Journal Name
Peer-Review Status
Subject (of journal)
Author
Title (of article or book)
Year
Resource Type (Format)
Access (Library, Free Online, No Access)
Sample Data - Questions What percentage of journals cited by Masters (or
Doctoral) students are peer-reviewed?
What percentage of citations does the library have access to?
Which journals are cited the most?
What is the range of years the students are citing? What year do citations drop off?
What a Query Looks Like
How is a Query Different from a Table?
• It doesn’t auto-generate a unique field on the left.
• You can’t type data into it.• It will include information that repeats between
columns, e.g. Student 15 is a Doctoral Student.
Designing a Query Create > Query Wizard > Simple Query Wizard
Select the table, then the field, then >
When you have all the fields you want, click Finish.
Click External Data > (export to Excel)
Select where you want to save the Excel file.
Click OK.