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Babb (2017) 9/17/17 aac.psu.edu 1 The use of interac/ve video VSD to support learning and communica/on for an adolescent with ASD in a voca/onal se;ng Colloquium Fall 2017 Salena Babb, Jessica Gormley, Janice Light, and David McNaughton Background & Ra/onale Less than 5% of individuals with complex communicaOon needs are employed (e.g., McNaughton & Bryen, 2002) AAC intervenOons must also focus on parOcipaOon within the natural environment. Limited research to guide intervenOons to maximize the parOcipaOon of individuals with complex communicaOon needs in realworld contexts (Light & McNaughton, 2015). Many individuals with CCN are limited in their communicaOon and parOcipaOon in vocaOonal and independent living acOviOes. CommunicaOon is a tool that allows individuals to parOcipate in society AAC intervenOons must focus on parOcipaOon within the natural environment Background & Ra/onale Light, McNaughton, and Jakobs (2014) proposed the use of videos with integrated VSDs to facilitate parOcipaOon and communicaOon within daily acOviOes. “…automaOc pausing of the video at key segues in the event marks the appropriate opportunity for parOcipaOon and communicaOon, and provides the necessary vocabulary within the VSD for the individual who uses AAC to fulfill the communicaOon demands at that point.” “Apps that support videos with integrated VSDs capture the dynamic rouOnes within the learner’s life (e.g., school, work, community acOviOes) and step the learner through the acOviOes, one step at a Ome, fostering greater parOcipaOon and communicaOon.” Light, J., McNaughton, D., & Jakobs, T. (2014). Research Ques/on Is there a funcOonal relaOon between videos with integrated VSDs on the EasyVSD applicaOon to increase the percent of steps completed and communicaOon opportuniOes fulfilled during vocaOonal acOviOes for an adolescent with ASD and complex communicaOon needs (CCN)?

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The  use  of  interac/ve  video  VSD  to  support  learning  and  communica/on  for  an  

adolescent  with  ASD  in  a  voca/onal  se;ng

 Colloquium  Fall  2017  

 Salena  Babb,  Jessica  Gormley,  Janice  Light,  and  David  McNaughton  

Background  &  Ra/onale

•  Less  than  5%  of  individuals  with  complex  communicaOon  needs  are  employed  •  (e.g.,  McNaughton  &  Bryen,  2002)    

•  AAC  intervenOons  must  also  focus  on  parOcipaOon  within  the  natural  environment.  •  Limited  research  to  guide  intervenOons  to  maximize  the  parOcipaOon  of  individuals  with  complex  communicaOon  needs  in  real-­‐world  contexts  (Light  &  McNaughton,  2015).  

•  Many  individuals  with  CCN  are  limited  in  their  communicaOon  and  parOcipaOon  in  vocaOonal  and  independent  living  acOviOes.    •  CommunicaOon  is  a  tool  that  allows  individuals  to  parOcipate  in  society  •  AAC  intervenOons  must  focus  on  parOcipaOon  within  the  natural  environment  

Background  &  Ra/onale •  Light,  McNaughton,  and  Jakobs  (2014)  proposed  the  use  of  videos  with  integrated  VSDs  to  facilitate  parOcipaOon  and  communicaOon  within  daily  acOviOes.  

•  “…automaOc  pausing  of  the  video  at  key  segues  in  the  event  marks  the  appropriate  opportunity  for  parOcipaOon  and  communicaOon,  and  provides  the  necessary  vocabulary  within  the  VSD  for  the  individual  who  uses  AAC  to  fulfill  the  communicaOon  demands  at  that  point.”  •  “Apps  that  support  videos  with  integrated  VSDs  capture  the  dynamic  rouOnes  within  the  learner’s  life  (e.g.,  school,  work,  community  acOviOes)  and  step  the  learner  through  the  acOviOes,  one  step  at  a  Ome,  fostering  greater  parOcipaOon  and  communicaOon.”  

•  Light,  J.,  McNaughton,  D.,  &  Jakobs,  T.  (2014).  

Research  Ques/on

•  Is  there  a  funcOonal  relaOon  between  videos  with  integrated  VSDs  on  the  EasyVSD  applicaOon  to  increase  the  percent  of  steps  completed  and  communicaOon  opportuniOes  fulfilled  during  vocaOonal  acOviOes  for  an  adolescent  with  ASD  and  complex  communicaOon  needs  (CCN)?  

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Par/cipant  &  Se:ng

•  18  year  old  male  with  auOsm  • High  school  student    • No  funcOonal  speech  

•  A  few  signs  –  mostly  yes/no,  thank  you  

• Prompt  dependent  

•  Local  elementary  school  library  •  3  tasks  –  Checking  in  books,  pueng  away/sorOng  books,  and  making  dye  cuts  

Research  Design • MulOple  Baseline  design  across  three  behaviors  •  Variables:  

•  IV  -­‐  EasyVSD  applicaOon    •  DV  -­‐  percent  of  steps  completed  and  communicaOon  opportuniOes  in  TA  

•  Stages:  •  Baseline,  IntervenOon,  Maintenance,  GeneralizaOon  

•  Video  prompOng  •  Task  Analysis  

•  ‘chunked’  steps  •  Ecologically  valid  

Procedures • Baseline  Probes  

•  Researcher  provides  iniOal  cue  (It’s  Ome  to_____  (at  the  beginning  of  the  task)  •  no  instrucOonal  feedback  provided  •   wait  5  seconds  

•  if  no  response,  or  an  error  occurs  (student  begins  to  incorrectly  complete  step  or  complete  a  step  out  of  sequence)  •  intervenOonist  blocks  view  if  possible  

•  intervenOonist  completes  step  •  ‘What’s  next?’  

•  Model  •  Goal  of  the  model  –  teach  parOcipant  how  to  navigate  through  the  app  

•  InstrucOonal  Sessions  •   if  no  response  to  tablet  (parOcipant  doesn’t  click  

on  the  video,  press  ‘play’  on  video,  or  iniOate  step  within  5  sec  of  watching  the  video)  –  

•  Least  to  most  prompOng  hierarchy  (a)  gesture  (b)  verbal  prompt  (c)  physical  prompt  

•  If  error  occurs  in  performing  the  task,  go  to  physical  prompt  and  model  the  correct  response.    

Procedures

•  IntervenOon  •  intervenOonist  sets  tablet  to  target  skill  •  Researcher  provides  iniOal  cue  (It’s  Ome  to_____  (at  the  beginning  of  the  task)  •  no  instrucOonal  feedback  provided  •   wait  5  seconds  

•  if  no  response,  or  an  error  occurs  (student  begins  to  incorrectly  complete  step  or  complete  a  step  out  of  sequence)  •  intervenOonist  blocks  view  if  possible  •  intervenOonist  completes  step  •  ‘What’s  next?’  

•  IntervenOon  Effect:  •  ParOcipant  completes  3  steps  in  the  TA  

above  the  highest  baseline  probe  for  3  consecuOve  sessions  before  moving  onto  the  next  skill    

• Mastery:  •  3  consecuOve  data  points  above  80%  •  disconOnue  instrucOonal  sessions  aler  

mastery  is  achieved  •  if  parOcipant  drops  below  80%  aler  

mastery  reinstate  instrucOonal  sessions  

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Task  Analysis:  Checking  In  Books 1.   Ask  to  check  in  the  books:  Can  I  check  the  books  in  2.  Go  to  the  desk  and  pull  out  the  drawer  3.  Take  the  books  out  and  put  them  on  the  counter  4.  Close  the  drawer  and  push  it  under  the  counter  5.  Sit  in  the  chair  and  type  “B  Enter”  6.  Pick  up  the  book,  scan  it,  and  put  it  on  the  counter  7.  Ask  to  check  for  extra  books:  Can  I  check  for  extra  books?  8.  Walk  around  and  look  for  books  9.  Bring  the  books  to  the  desk  10.  Sit  in  the  chair  and  type  B  Enter  11.  Pick  up  the  book,  scan  it,  and  place  it  on  the  counter  12.  Tell  staff  member  you  are  finished:  I  am  finished  checking  in  the  books.  

Task  Analysis:  Pu:ng  Books  Away 1.  Ask  to  put  the  books  away:  Can  I  put  the  books  away?  2.  Pick  up  the  box  of  books  3.  Bring  the  box  to  the  table  4.  Empty  the  books  on  to  the  table  5.  Sort  the  books  into  piles  based  on  categories  6.  Ask  a  staff  member  to  check  your  work:  Can  you  check  my  work?  7.  Tell  a  staff  member  you  are  going  to  put  the  books  away:  I’m  going  to  put  the  

books  on  the  shelf  8.  Pick  up  the  books  and  take  them  to  the  bookshelves  9.  Put  the  books  in  the  correct  place  on  the  shelf  10. Return  the  box  11.  Tell  a  staff  member  you  are  finished:  I  am  finished  puAng  the  books  away  

Data  Collec/on

• Data  for  the  percentage  of  steps  completed  

•  calculated  by  dividing  the  number  of  steps  completed  independently  by  the  total  number  of  steps  for  the  task  

•  tasks  coded  as  either  correct  or  incorrect  

• All  sessions  recorded  –  used  for  IOA  and  procedural  integrity  

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Results                          

Session  Number  

Percen

tage  of  tasks  com

pleted

 inde

pend

ently

   

Task  #4  Shredding  -­‐  GeneralizaOon  

Results:  Checking  In  Books  and  Sor/ng

Task  1  Baseline:    =  8%  on  average  across  5  baseline  sessions      Task  1  IntervenOon=  -­‐Probe  1  =  42%  -­‐Probe  2=  100%  -­‐Probe  3  =  75%  -­‐Probe  4=  100%  -­‐Probe  5  =  100%  -­‐Probe  6  –  100%    Maintenance  =  -­‐Probe  1  =  100%  -­‐Probe  2  =  90%  -­‐Probe  3  =  100%  

Percen

tage  of  tasks  com

pleted

 inde

pend

ently

   

Session  Number  

Task  2  Baseline:  =  5%  over  6    baseline  sessions        Task  2  IntervenOon  =    -­‐Probe  1  =  90%  -­‐Probe  2  =  90%  -­‐Probe  3  =  90%          Maintenance  =    -­‐Probe  1  =  100%  -­‐Probe  2  =  90%  -­‐Probe  3  =  90%  

Results:  Dye  Cuts  and  Shredding

Percen

tage  of  tasks  com

pleted

 inde

pend

ently

   

Task  3  Baseline:  =  15%  over  8    baseline  sessions      Task  3  IntervenOon  =    -­‐Probe  1  =  50%  -­‐Probe  2  =  86%  -­‐Probe  3  =  93%  -­‐Probe  4  =  86%    

Task  4  Baseline:  =  9%  over  5  baseline  sessions      Task  3  IntervenOon  =    -­‐Probe  1  =  63%    

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Implica/ons • Results  may  provide  preliminary  evidence  that  videos  with  integrated  VSDs  may  serve  as  an  effecOve  means  to  maximize  independent  parOcipaOon  and  communicaOon  for  individuals  with  CCN  and  ASD  in  real  world  contexts.    •  This  assisOve  technology  could  reduce  dependence  on  aides  (e.g.,  job  coaches,  paraprofessionals)  and  create  increased  opportuniOes  for  employment  and  independent  parOcipaOon  in  meaningful  community  acOviOes.  • Contributes  to  and  supports  AAC  intervenOon  research  literature  in  conducOng  studies  within  real  world  contexts  in  order  to  support  meaningful  parOcipaOon  in  community  acOviOes  for  individuals  with  disabiliOes.    

Next  Steps

•  LL  PSU  Sharing  Study  •  Non-­‐present  talk  

• What  did  you  do  in  class?  •  ParOcipant  uses  vVSD  with  embedded  hot  spots  to  discuss    

•  Extending  to  more  parOcipants  across  seengs  

Acknowledgements

• Project  supported  by  the  NaOonal  InsOtute  on  Disability,  Independent  Living,  and  RehabilitaOon  Research  (NIDILRR)-­‐  Grant  #  90RE5017,  RERC  on  AAC.